MAPEH MODULES K-12

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All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic or mechanical including photocopying without written permission from the DepEd Central Office.

Grade 10Learner's Material

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Quarter I: MODERN ART

CONTENT STANDARDS

The learner demonstrates understanding of1. art elements and processes by synthesizing and applying prior learnings and skills.2. the arts as integral to the development of organizations, spiritual belief, historical

events, scientific discoveries, natural disasters/occurrences, and other externalphenomena.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDSThe learner1. performs/participates competently in a presentation of a creative impression

(verbal/nonverbal) from the various art movements.2. recognizes the difference and uniqueness of the art styles of the various art

movements (techniques, processes, elements, and principles of art).

LEARNING COMPETENCIESThe learner1. analyzes art elements and principles in the production of work following a

specific art style from the various art movements.2. identifies distinct characteristics of arts from the various art movements.3. identifies representative artists and Filipino counterparts from the various art

movements.4. derives the mood, idea, or message from selected artworks.5. determines the role or function of artwork by evaluating their utilization and

combination of art elements and principles.6. uses artworks to derive the traditions/history of the various art movements.7. compares the characteristics of artworks produced in the various art movements.8. creates artworks guided by techniques and styles of the various art movements.9. describes the influence of iconic artists belonging to the various art movements.10. applies different media techniques and processes to communicate ideas,

experiences, and stories showing the characteristics of the various art movements.11. evaluates works of art in terms of artistic concepts and ideas using criteria from

the various art movements.12. shows the influences of modern art movements on Philippine art forms.13. mounts an exhibit using completed artworks influenced by Modern Art

movements.

From the Department of Education curriculum for ARTS Grade 10 (2014)


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Quarter I: MODERN ART

INTRODUCTION

n all of human history, art has mirrored life in the community, society, and the world inall its colors, lines, shapes, and forms. The same has been true in the last two centuries,

with world events and global trends being reflected in the art movements.

The decades from 1900 to the present have seen the human race living in an ever-shrinking planet. The 20th century saw a boom in the interchange of ideas, beliefs, values,and lifestyles that continues to bring the citizens of the world closer together.

Technological breakthroughs

From the Industrial Revolution of the late 1800s, the world zoomed into the ElectronicAge in the mid-1900s, then into the present Cyberspace Age. In just over 100 years,humans went from hand-cranked telephones to hands-free mobile phones, from thefirst automobiles to inter-planetary space vehicles, from local radio broadcasting tointernational news coverage via satellite, from vaccinations against polio and smallpoxto laser surgery.

Social, political, and environmental changes

There has been migration across the globe, allowing different cultures, languages, skills,and even physical characteristics of different races to intermingle like never before.The 20th century also suffered through two World Wars, and several regional wars inAsia, Africa, and the Middle East. There was the Great Depression of the 1930s, andthe Asian economic crisis of the 1990s. Considered the modern-day plague, AIDS hasafflicted millions the world over, while millions more continue to live in hunger,disease, and poverty. Environmental destruction has also become a major concern.

Effects on the world of art

The art movements of the late 19th century to the 20th century captured andexpressed all these and more. Specifically, these were the movements known asimpressionism and expressionism. While earlier periods of art had a quite setconventions as to the style, technique, and treatment of their subjects, impressionistsand expressionists conveyed their ideas and feelings in bold, innovative ways. Thesewere the exciting precursors of the modern art of the 21st century.

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Impressionism: Origins of the Movement

mpressionism was an art movement that emerged in the second half of the 19thcentury among a group of Paris-based artists. The duration of the impressionist

movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from 1872 to the mid-1880s. Butit had a tremendous impact and influence on the painting styles that followed, such asneo-impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, and cubismand even the artisticstyles and movements of today.

The name impressionism was coined from the title of a work by French painterClaude Monet, Impression, soleil levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise).

Impression, SunriseClaude Monet, 1872Oil on canvas

The term precisely captured what this group of artists sought to represent in theirworks: the viewers momentary impression of an image. It was not intended to beclear or precise, but more like a fleeting fragment of reality caught on canvas,sometimes in mid-motion, at other times awkwardly positionedjust as it would bein real life.

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The Influence of Delacroix

As with all emerging art movements, impressionism owed its inspiration to earliermasters. One major influence was the work of French painter Eugne Delacroix.Delacroix was greatly admired and emulated by the early impressionistsspecificallyfor his use of expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on movement rather than onclarity of form, and most of all his study of the optical effects of color.

In particular, Delacroixs painting, TheBarque of Dante, contained a thenrevolutionary technique that wouldprofoundly influence the comingimpressionist movement. And it involvedsomething as simple as droplets of water.

The Barque of DanteEugne Delacroix, 1822Oil on canvas

The painting is loosely based on a fictional scene from Dantes Inferno, showingDante and the poet Virgil crossing hells River Styx, while tormented souls struggleto climb aboard their boat. It is the drops of water running down the bodies of thesedoomed souls (see enlarged detail below) that are painted in a manner almost neverused in Delacroixs time.

When studied closely, it is seenthat four different, unmixedpigmentsyellow, green, red,and whitecreate the image ofeach drop and its shadow.Viewed from a little distance,these colors blend to representindividual drops glistening withlight. The distinct colors mergein the eye of the viewer to appear monochromatic (single-colored) or, in this case ofwater droplets, colorless. In short, an impression is formed.

Putting this and similar principles into wider practice, future painters would carryFrench art into one of its richest periods: impressionism.


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Impressionism:A Break from Past Painting Traditions

here were several areas in which impressionist artists moved away from theestablished practices of art at that time. These involved their use of color, choice

of subject matter and setting, and technique for capturing light and conveyingmovement.

Color and Light

The painting conventions and techniques of earlier art periods were very muchconcerned with line, form, and composition. In contrast, the impressionists paintedwith freely brushed colors that conveyed more of a visual effect than a detailedrendering of the subject. They used short broken strokes that were intentionallymade visible to the viewer. They also often placed pure unmixed colors side by side,rather than blended smoothly or shaded. The result was a feeling of energy andintensity, as the colors appeared to shift and moveagain, just as they do in reality.

Everyday Subjects

Impressionists also began to break away from the creation of formally posed portraitsand grandiose depictions of mythical, literary, historical, or religious subjects. Theyventured into capturing scenes of life around them, household objects, landscapes andseascapes, houses, cafes, and buildings. They presented ordinary people seeminglycaught off-guard doing everyday tasks, at work or at leisure, or doing nothing at all.And they were not made to look beautiful or lifelike, as body parts could be distortedand facial features merely suggested by a few strokes of the brush.

Painting Outdoors

The location in which the impressionists painted was also different. Previously, stilllifes, portraits, and landscapes were usually painted inside a studio. However, theimpressionists found that they could best capture the ever-changing effects of light oncolor by painting outdoors in natural light. This gave their works a freshness andimmediacy that was quite a change from the stiffer, heavier, more planned paintingsof earlier masters.

Open Composition

Impressionist painting also moved away from the formal, structured approach toplacing and positioning their subjects. They experimented with unusual visual angles,sizes of objects that appeared out of proportion, off-center placement, and emptyspaces on the canvas.

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The Influence of Photography

Photography was in its early stages at this time as well. As it gained popularity,photography inspired impressionists to capture fleeting moments of action, whether inlandscapes or in the day-to-day lives of people. But whereas camera snapshotsprovided objective, true-to-life images, the artists were able to offer a subjective viewof their subjects, expressing their personal perceptions rather than creating exactrepresentations. They also had the advantage of manipulating color, whichphotography at that time still lacked.

WHAT TO KNOW

1. How did the term impressionism originate? What did it mean?2. In what country did this art movement begin, and in what period of

history?3. What was the significance of the painting technique used by Delacroix in

the development of the impressionist style?4. What characteristics distinguished impressionism from the art

movements of the earlier centuries? Cite and briefly describe at leastthree of these characteristics.

5. How was the impressionist style influenced by the early stages ofphotography?

WHAT TO PROCESS

To help you understand the revolutionary technique for applying color introduced bythe impressionists, experiment with this simplified process:

1. Take a set of watercolors (cake type or in tubes). Choose onesecondary color: orange, green, or violet.

2. Color a shape on a paper using this single secondary color.3. Beside it, color a similar shape using strokes of the two primary colors

that are combined in that particular secondary color (ex: red + yellow= orange; blue + yellow = green; red + blue = violet).

4. Hold the paper some distance away and ask your classmates tocomment on the impression of the secondary color you have createdand the actual color itself.


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Impressionism:Works of Manet, Monet, and Renoir

y the 1870s, the stage was set for the emergence of the next major art movementin Europe, impressionism. It started with a group of French paintersthat

included Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Auguste Renoirand eventually spreadto other countries, such as Italy, Germany, and The Netherlands.

EDOUARD MANET

Edouard Manet (1832-1883) was one of the first 19th century artists to depictmodern-life subjects. He was a key figure in the transition from realism toimpressionism, with a number of his works considered as marking the birth ofmodern art.

Argenteuil Rue Mosnier Decked With FlagsEdouard Manet, 1874 Edouard Manet, 1878Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

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Caf Concert The Bar at the Folies-BergereEdouard Manet, 1878 Edouard Manet, 1882Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

CLAUDE MONET

Claude Monet (1840-1926) was one of the founders of the impressionist movementalong with his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frdric Bazille. He wasthe most prominent of the group; and is considered the most influential figure in themovement. Monet is best known for his landscape paintings, particularly thosedepicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at his home in Giverny.

La Promenade The Red Boats, ArgenteuilClaude Monet, 1875 Claude Monet, 1875Oil on canvas Oil on canvas


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Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies Irises in Monets GardenClaude Monet, 1899 Claude Monet, 1900Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

AUGUSTE RENOIR

Auguste Renoir (1841-1919), along with Claude Monet, was one of the centralfigures of the impressionist movement. His early works were snapshots of real life,full of sparkling color and light. By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke away fromthe impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal technique to portraitsof actual people and figure paintings.

Dancer A Girl with a Watering CanAuguste Renoir, 1874 Auguste Renoir, 1876Oil on canvas Oil on canvas


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Mlle Irene Cahen dAnvers Luncheon of the Boating PartyAuguste Renoir, 1880 Auguste Renoir, 1881Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Post-Impressionism:Works of Cezanne and Van Gogh

fter the brief yet highly influential period of impressionism, an outgrowthmovement known as post-impressionism emerged. The European artists who

were at the forefront of this movement continued using the basic qualities of theimpressionists before themthe vivid colors, heavy brush strokes, and true-to-lifesubjects. However, they expanded and experimented with these in bold new ways,like using a geometric approach, fragmenting objects and distorting peoples facesand body parts, and applying colors that were not necessarily realistic or natural.

Two of the foremost post-impressionists were Paul Czanne and Vincent van Gogh.

PAUL CEZANNE

Paul Czanne (18391906) was a French artist and post-impressionist painter. Hiswork exemplified the transition from late 19th-century impressionism to a new andradically different world of art in the 20th centurypaving the way for the nextrevolutionary art movement known as expressionism.

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Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt Still Life with CompotierPaul Cezanne, 1878 Paul Cezanne, 1879-1882Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Harlequin Boy in a Red VestPaul Cezanne, 1888-1890 Paul Cezanne, 1890Oil on canvas Oil on canvas


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VINCENT VAN GOGH

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a post-impressionist painter from TheNetherlands. His works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush strokes, intenseemotions, and colors that appeared to almost pulsate with energy. Van Goghsstriking style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20th century art, with his worksbecoming among the most recognized in the world.

Sheaves of Wheat in a Field The SowerVincent van Gogh, 1885 Vincent van Gogh, 1888Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers Bedroom at ArlesVincent van Gogh, 1888 Vincent van Gogh, 1888Oil on canvas Oil on canvas


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Starry Night Wheat Field with CypressesVincent van Gogh, 1889 Vincent van Gogh, 1889Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

WHAT TO KNOW

1. Name three of the most prominent artists of the impressionist movement.2. Cite one outstanding characteristic of each of these artists.3. Who were two of the most famous post-impressionists?4. What new techniques or styles distinguished post-impressionism from

the earlier impressionism?5. Identify two to three specific artworks where these techniques are

prominently seen.

WHAT TO PROCESS

Creating Your Own Impressionist Artwork: Impasto

One of the most distinctive painting techniques used by impressionist artists wasimpasto. Impasto is the very heavy application of paint to the canvasoften with aspatula or knife instead of a paintbrush, and sometimes even directly squeezed from thetube.

Materials: illustration board or chipboardTubes of acrylic paints (can be shared among the class members)PaintbrushesWooden popsicle sticksPencilRags for clean up


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Procedure:1. Decide on a simple design for your artwork. Keep in mind what colors of

paints are available to you.2. Using a pencil, sketch in the general design on the illustration board or

chipboard.3. Apply the paints to your design with the brush, then more thickly with

the popsicle sticks and, in certain spots, squeeze the paint directly fromthe tube.

4. Allow the paint to dry thoroughly before handling or displaying thefinished artwork.

WHAT TO UNDERSTAND

A. Impressionism and the Rise of Modern Art

1. Was the term impressionism fitting for this art movement? Why doyou say so?

2. From your knowledge of world history during the late 19th century, doyou see a relation between the impressionist styles and the major eventsof that period?

3. Do you agree that impressionism set the stage for the succeedingmovements of modern art? If so, in what ways?

4. Do you see this style reflected even in the works of todays artists?Explain briefly.

5. Do you know of any Filipino artists who also used the impressioniststyle? If yes, explain how they applied this style in their works. If not,you may want to research on this on the internet to discover somethingnew.

B. Elements and Principles of Art in Impressionism

1. As a review, briefly describe each of the following elements of artwhich you have learned in your Art classes in the earlier grade levels.a. Lineb. Shapec. Formd. Spacee. Colorf. Valueg. Texture


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2. Now review the following principles of art which you have studiedbefore. Briefly describe each one.a. Rhythm / Movementb. Balancec. Emphasisd. Harmony / Unity / Varietye. Proportion

3. For each element of art above, cite one sample work by animpressionist or post-impressionist painter and briefly describe howthis element was applied in a new way. You may use the followingsample format:

Ex.: Element: LineName of artist:_______________________________________Title of work: _______________________________________How the element was applied: __________________________

4. For each principle of art above, cite one sample work by animpressionist or post-impressionist painter and briefly describe howthis principle was applied in a new way. You may use the followingsample format:

Ex.: Principle: Rhythm/MovementName of artist:_______________________________________Title of work: _______________________________________How the principle was applied: _________________________

C. Impressionism and You

1. Which of the impressionist mastersManet, Monet, Renior, Cezanne,and Van Goghhas a style that most strongly appeals to you? Explainbriefly.

2. Is there a value in learning about art movements like impressionism thatarose over a century ago, halfway around the world from us? Why orwhy not?

3. On a personal level, what struck you most about the impressionist styleof art?

4. Would you want to experiment further with painting in this style?Explain briefly.

5. Would you want to own an artwork in the impressionist style? Why orwhy not?


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WHAT TO PERFORM

Preparing for the Culminating Exhibit of Modern Art

Having learned about and understood the concept and techniques of impressionism, youcan now prepare your impasto artworks for the culminating exhibit at the end of thequarter.

1. Properly label your artwork with an original title, your name, the date,and the technique used (impasto).

2. Your Arts teacher will store the finished artworks for inclusion in theexhibit at the end of the quarter.

Expressionism: A Bold New Movement

n the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a movement that came to beknown as expressionism. Expressionist artists created works with more emotional

force, rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve this, they distorted outlines,applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms. They worked more with their imaginationand feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical world.

Among the various styles that arose within the expressionist art movements were: neoprimitivism fauvism dadaism surrealism social realism

Neoprimitivism

Neoprimitivism was an art style that incorporated elements from the native arts ofthe South Sea Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenlybecame popular at that time. Among the Western artists who adapted these elementswas Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African art inboth his sculptures and paintings.

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Head Yellow SweaterAmedeo Modigliani, c. 1913 Amedeo Modigliani, 1919Stone Oil on canvas

Fauvism

Fauvism was a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions. Itsname was derived from les fauves (wild beasts), referring to the group ofFrench expressionist painters who painted in this style. Perhaps the most knownamong them was Henri Matisse.

Woman with HatHenri Matisse,1905Oil on canvas

Blue WindowHenri Matisse, 1911Oil on canvas


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Dadaism

Dadaism was a style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visualtricks and surprisesas in the paintings of Marc Chagall and Giorgio de Chirico below.Although the works appeared playful, the movement arose from the pain that a groupof European artists felt after the suffering brought by World War I. Wishing to protestagainst the civilization that had brought on such horrors, these artists rebelled againstestablished norms and authorities, and against the traditional styles in art. They chosethe childs term for hobbyhorse, dada, to refer to their new non-style.

Melancholy and Mystery of a Street I and the VillageGiorgio de Chirico, 1914 Marc Chagall, 1911Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

Surrealism

Surrealism was a style that depicted an illogical, subconscious dream world beyondthe logical, conscious, physical one. Its name came from the term super realism,with its artworks clearly expressing a departure from realityas though the artists weredreaming, seeing illusions, or experiencing an altered mental state.


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Persistence of MemorySalvador Dali, 1931

Oil on canvas

Many surrealist works depicted morbid or gloomy subjects, as in those by SalvadorDali. Others were quite playful and even humorous, such as those by Paul Klee andJoan Miro.

Diana Personages with StarPaul Klee, 1932 Joan Miro, 1933Oil on wood Oil on canvas


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Social Realism

The movement known as social realism.expressed the artists role in social reform.Here, artists used their works to protest against the injustices, inequalities,

immorality, and ugliness of the human condition.In different periods of history, social realists haveaddressed different issues: war, poverty,corruption, industrial and environmental hazards,and morein the hope of raising peoplesawareness and pushing society to seek reforms.

Ben Shahns Miners Wives, for example, spokeout against the hazardous conditions faced bycoal miners, after a tragic accident killed 111workers in Illinois in 1947, leaving their wivesand children in mourning.

Miners WivesBen Shahn, 1948Egg tempera on board

GuernicaPablo Picasso, 1937Oil on canvas (Size: 11 5 1/2 x 25 5 3/4)

Pablo Picassos Guernica has been recognized as the most monumental andcomprehensive statement of social realism against the brutality of war. Filling one wall ofthe Spanish Pavilion at the 1937 Worlds Fair in Paris, it was Picassos outcry againstthe German air raid of the town of Guernica in his native Spain.


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Created in the mid-1900s, Guernica combined artistic elements developed in theearlier decades with those still to come. It made use of the exaggeration, distortion, andshock technique of expressionism. At the same time, it had elements of the emergingstyle that would later be known as cubism.

Abstractionism

nother group of artistic styles emerged at the same time as the expressionistmovement. It had the same spirit of freedom of expression and openness that

characterized life in the 20th century, but it differed from expressionism in certainways. This group of styles was known as abstractionism.

The abstractionist movement arose from the intellectual points of view in the 20thcentury. In the world of science, physicists were formulating a new view of theuniverse, which resulted in the concepts of space-time and relativity. Thisintellectualism was reflected even in art. While expressionism was emotional,abstractionism was logical and rational. It involved analyzing, detaching, selecting,and simplifying.

In previous centuries, works of art were a reflection,in one way or another, of the outside world. In 20thcentury abstractionism, natural appearances becameunimportant. Artists reduced a scene into geometricalshapes, patterns, lines, angles, textures and swirls ofcolor. The resulting works ranged fromrepresentational abstractionism, depicting still-recognizable subjects (as in the artwork on the left),to pure abstractionism, where no recognizablesubject could be discerned.

Oval Still Life (Le Violon)Georges Braque, 1914Oil on canvas

Grouped under abstractionism are the following art styles: cubism futurism mechanical style nonobjectivism

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Cubism

The cubist style derived its name from the cube, a three-dimensional geometric figure composed of strictly measuredlines, planes, and angles. Cubist artworks were, therefore, a playof planes and angles on a flat surface. Foremost among the cubistswas Spanish painter/sculptor Pablo Picasso (right).

In earlier styles, subjects were depicted in a three-dimensionalmanner, formed by light and shadow. In contrast, the cubistsanalyzed their subjects basic geometrical forms, and broke them up into a series ofplanes. Then they re-assembled these planes, tilting and interlocking them in differentways.

Three Musicians Girl Before a Mirror (detail)Pablo Picasso, 1921 Pablo Picasso, 1932Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

In addition, the art of the past centuries had depicted a scene from a single, stationarypoint of view. In contrast, cubism took the contemporary view that things are actuallyseen hastily in fragments and from different points of view at the same time. This wasreflected in the depiction of objects from more than one visual angle in the samepainting (e.g., the bulls head in Picassos Guernica, page 207).

Human figures as well were often represented with facial features and body partsshown both frontally and from a side angle at once. This gave a sense of imbalance andmisplacement that created immediate visual impact. It also gave cubism itscharacteristic feeling of dynamism and energy. To this day, variations of cubismcontinue to appear in many contemporary artworks.


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Futurism

The movement known as futurism began in Italy inthe early 1900s. As the name implies, the futuristscreated art for a fast-paced, machine-propelled age.They admired the motion, force, speed, and strengthof mechanical forms. Thus, their works depicted thedynamic sensation of all theseas can be seen in theworks of Italian painter Gino Severini.

Armored TrainGino Severini, 1915

Oil on canvas

Mechanical Style

As a result of the futurist movement, what became known as the mechanical styleemerged. In this style, basic forms such as planes, cones, spheres, and cylinders all fittogether precisely and neatly in their appointed places.

This can be seen in the works ofFernand Lger. Mechanicalparts such as crankshafts,cylinder blocks, and pistons arebrightened only by the use ofprimary colors. Otherwise, theyare lifeless. Even human figuresare mere outlines, renderedpurposely without expression.

The CityFernand Lger, 1919Oil on canvas

Nonobjectivism

The logical geometrical conclusion of abstractionism came in the style known asnonobjectivism. From the very term non-object, works in this style did not makeuse of figures or even representations of figures. They did not refer to recognizableobjects or forms in the outside world.


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Lines, shapes, and colors were used in acool, impersonal approach that aimedfor balance, unity, and stability. Colorswere mainly black, white, and theprimaries (red, yellow, and blue).Foremost among the nonobjectivists wasDutch painter Piet Mondrian.

New York CityPiet Mondrian, 1942

Oil on canvas

WHAT TO KNOW

A. Expressionism

1. Describe how the different elements and principles were used byexpressionist artists to convey their individual style. Discuss threeexamples from works in these Learners Materials.

2. What qualities make an artwork expressionistic?3. Where did neoprimitivism get its influences?4. Who is the French artist famous for his fauvist style?5. What are the characteristics of fauvism?6. Why was the childs term dada fitting for the art movement

known as dadaism?7. What style of painting is Salvador Dali known for?8. What art movement expressed the artists social role?

B. Abstractionism: Cubism, Futurism, Mechanical Style

1. Explain the difference between expressionism and abstractionism.2. How did the cubists give a sense of dynamism and energy to their

works?3. Who is considered the most famous abstractionist and cubist artist?4. Describe how each of the following styles reflected modern life:

a. futurismb. mechanical stylec. nonobjectivism


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WHAT TO PROCESS

Your teacher will divide the class into groups as indicated for the following activities.

A. For ExpressionismCreate a Work of Social Realism1. With your group mates, choose a current issue in society that you feel

needs to be addressed.2. Select art materials that are readily available, such as one whole sheet

of cartolina; acrylic paints, poster paints, or any available paints;markers, crayons, pastels, or colored pencils; #8 brush; scissors; glueor paste; and pictures from magazines, newspapers, or calendars.

3. Working as a group, plan how to use these materials to express yourmessage about your chosen social issue.

4. Assign a task to each group member, then create your artworktogether. (Note: Remember that expressionism made use of verystrong images and colors, and expressed deep emotions.)

5. Decide on a title for your group artwork.6. Present your finished artwork to the rest of the class.7. Join in the discussion about the social message of each groups

artwork.8. Comment on how each group effectively used the characteristics

of expressionism (through the elements and principles of art) toconvey this social message.

B. For AbstractionismGroups A, B, C: Create a Picasso1. Review the description of Picassos cubist style.2. Based on this, plan a cubist artwork for your group to create.3. Prepare a magazine, assorted photographs, 1 sheet of oslo paper,

scissors, and glue or paste.4. Select a large photograph from the magazine and/or the other photos,

and cut these up into segments of different shapes and sizes.5. Glue or paste the segments on the oslo paper in a creative way, but with

the image still recognizable.6. Give your cubist artwork a title.7. Display it in front of the class, together with the works of the other

groups.8. Join your classmates in giving personal reactions to each others work.

Groups D, E, F: Create a Mondrian1. Review the description of Mondrians style of painting.2. Based on this, plan a non-objectivist artwork for your group to create.3. Prepare sheet of cartolina; masking tape; scissors; a #8 round


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paintbrush; and acrylic, poster, or any available paints in primary colors,black, and white.

4. Use the tape to mask off strips and spaces on the board.5. Paint the exposed areas using your chosen colors. Wait for the paint to

dry.6. Continue masking and painting, overlapping strips of color as Mondrian

did, until you have completed your artwork. (Note: Allow the paint todry thoroughly between applications before laying the masking tape toavoid destroying your design.)

7. Give your painting a title. Display it in front of the class, together withthe works of the other groups.

8. Join your classmates in giving personal reactions to each othersworks.

WHAT TO UNDERSTAND

A. Expressionism1. How was expressionist art an outgrowth of life in modern society?2. Were all surrealist artworks gloomy? Support your answer.3. Which among the forms of expressionism (fauvism, dadaism,

surrealism, social realism) appeals to you the most? And which doesnot appeal to you at all? Explain why.

4. Expressionism in Philippine art Research online for works byFilipino artists who used variations of this style (e.g., Cesar Legaspi).Give your personal reaction to these.

B. Abstractionism1. Which form of abstractionism do you find most striking? Explain why.2. Do you consider action painting, color field painting, and pictographic

painting true art? Why or why not?3. Abstractionism in Philippine art Research online for works by

Filipino artists who used variations of this style (e.g., Arturo Luz, JoseJoya, and others). Give your personal reaction to these.

C. Cubism1. Recall the message expressed in the painting Guernica by Picasso.

Study the details that he incorporated to convey that message.2. Do you think his technique was effective? Why or why not?3. How does the painting make you feel?4. Cubism in Philippine art Research online for works by Filipino

artists who used variations of this style (e.g., Vicente Manansala andothers). Give your personal reaction to these.


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WHAT TO PERFORM


Having learned about and understood the concept and techniques of expressionism andabstractionism, you can now prepare your artworks for the culminating exhibit at the endof the quarter.

1. Properly label all the finished artworks with original titles, your groupmembers names, the date, and the technique used.


Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, Op Art

orld events in the mid-20th century immensely influenced the course of humanlife and, with it, the course of art history. World War I (1913-1914) and World

War II (1941-1945), in particular, shifted the political, economic, and cultural worldstage away from Europe and on to the New World continent, America.

The New York School

In the 1920s and 1930s, aspiring young American painters, sculptors, and writerssailed to Europe to expand their horizons. But during the dark days of World War II, areverse migration brought European scientists, architects, and artists to American shores.New York, in particular, became a haven for the newly-arrived artists and theirAmerican counterparts.

The result was the establishment of what came to be known as The New YorkSchoolas opposed to The School of Paris that had been very influential inEurope. The daring young artists in this movement succeeded in creating their ownsynthesis of Europes cubist and surrealist styles. Their style came to be known asabstract expressionism.

Action Painting

One form of abstract expressionism was seen in the works of Jackson Pollock.These were created through what came to be known as action painting.

W


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Pollock worked on huge canvases spread on the floor, splattering, squirting, anddribbling paint with (seemingly) no pre-planned pattern or design in mind. The totaleffect is one of vitality, creativity, energy made visible. Pollocks first one-manshow in New York in 1943 focused worldwide attention on abstract expressionismfor the first time.

Autumn RhythmJackson Pollock, 1950Oil on canvas

Color Field Painting

In contrast to the vigorous gestures of the action painters, another group of artistswho came to be known as color field painters used different color saturations


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(purity, vividness, intensity) to create their desired effects. Some of their works werehuge fields of vibrant coloras in the paintings of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman.

Magenta, Black, Green Vir Heroicus Sublimison Orange Barnett Newman, 1950-1951Mark Rothko, 1949 Oil on canvasOil on canvas

Others took the more intimate pictograph approach, filling the canvas with repeatingpicture fragments or symbolsas in the works of Adolph Gottlieb and Lee Krasner.

Forgotten Dream Abstract No. 2Adolph Gottlieb, 1946 Lee Krasner, 1948Oil on canvas Oil on canvas

After The New York School

By the early 1960s, the momentum of The New York School slowed down. In itsplace, a new crop of artists came on the scene using lighter treatment and flashes ofhumor, even irreverence, in their artworks.


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The movements they brought about have come to be called: neodadaism and pop art conceptual art op art the new realism

Neodadaism, Pop Art, Op Art

Like the dadaist movement that arose after World War I, the neodadaism of the1960s wanted to make reforms in traditional values. It also made use ofcommonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects. But unlike the angry, serious tone ofthe original dadaists, the neodadaists seemed to enjoy nonsense for its own sake andsimply wanted to laugh at the world.

Their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to collages, to three-dimensionalassemblages and installations. These made use of easily recognizable objects andimages from the emerging consumer societyas in the prints of Andy Warhol. Theirinspirations were the celebrities, advertisements, billboards, and comic strips thatwere becoming commonplace at that time. Hence the term pop (from popular) artemerged.

Twelve Cars Marilyn MonroeAndy Warhol, 1962 Andy Warhol, 1967Art print Silkscreen print

Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997) was an American pop artist. During the 1960s, alongwith Andy Warhol, Jasper Johns, and James Rosenquist among others, he became aleading figure in this new art movement.


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Whaam!Roy Lichtenstein, 1963Acrylic and oil on canvas

In the CarRoy Lichtenstein, 1963

Conceptual Art

As the term implies, conceptual art was that which arose in the mind of the artist,took concrete form for a time, and then disappeared (unless it was captured in photoor film documentation). Conceptualists questioned the idea of art as objects to bebought and sold. Instead, they brought their artistic ideas to life temporarily, using suchunusual materials as grease, blocks of ice, food, even just plain dirt.

A key difference between a conceptual artwork and a traditional painting or sculpture isthat the conceptualists work often requires little or no physical craftsmanship.Much of the artists time and effort goes into the concept or idea behind the work,with the actual execution then being relatively quick and simple. An example is thisconceptual art piece by Kosuth.


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One and Three ChairsJoseph Kosuth, 1965An actual chair (center), with a photograph of the same chairand an enlarged copy of a dictionary definition of a chair

Op Art

Another movement that emerged in the 1960s wasoptical art or op art. This was yet anotherexperiment in visual experiencea form of actionpainting, with the action taking place in the viewerseye. In op art, lines, spaces, and colors were preciselyplanned and positioned to give the illusion of movement.

CurrentBridget Riley, 1964

Synthetic polymer paint on composition board

As the eye moved over different segments of the image, perfectly stable componentsappeared to shift back and forth, sometimes faster, sometimes slower as the brainresponded to the optical data. Viewers experienced sensations varying fromdiscomfort to disorientation to giddiness.


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WHAT TO KNOW

A. Abstract Expressionism: Action Painting, Color Field Painting

1. What were two of the art movements that emerged from The NewYork School?

2. Why were action painting and color field painting given these names?3. Who was the artist who became famous for his action painting style?4. Describe how the elements and principles of art were used in the

unique techniques and approaches of these movements.

B. Neodadaism, Pop Art, Op Art

1. What is conceptual art? How is it unlike any other art movement beforeit?

2. How was neodadaism different from the earlier dadaism movement?3. From where did pop art draw its subjects?4. Name the foremost artists of the pop art movement.5. Explain how the elements of art were used to create the special

technical effect in op art.

WHAT TO PROCESS

Group Projects: My Own Modern Art

Your teacher will divide the class into six groups, and will assign the modernist artstyles as follows:

Groups 1 and 4 - Action paintingGroups 2 and 5 - Color field paintingGroups 3 and 6 - Pop art

Depending on the group you belong to, follow the procedure below:

Procedure for Action Painting

1. Prepare your materials 1 whole cartolina, box board, or other recycledboard; acrylic paints; 1-inch paintbrushes, sponges, or popsicle sticks;recycled mixing plates; small rags for cleaning up; newspaper forcovering work surface.

2. As a group, discuss the overall composition and technique that you willuse.


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3. Select desired colors of paint and apply these to the board using actionssuch as brushing, sprinkling, dripping, andflicking. Let the paint dry.

4. Decide on a title for your group painting and display it in the classroom.

5. Be ready to explain the action painting techniques that you used andto exchange comments with the other groups about their works. Inwhat ways are they the same? In what ways are they different?

Procedure for Color Field Painting: Pictograph Approach

1. Prepare your materials 1 whole cartolina or 1 whole box board;acrylic, poster, or any available paints in primary colors, black, andwhite; #8 paintbrushes; small rags for cleaning up.

2. As a group, plan the overall composition and technique that you willuse. Select colors of paint similar to those used by color field artists,and plan how these will be arranged in your artwork.

3. For pictograph approach - Use the #8 brush to paint small picturefragments or symbols in a repeating pattern on the entire cartolina orboard. Let the paint dry.

4. Decide on a title for your group painting and display it in the classroom.

5. Be ready to explain the pictograph approach that you used and toexchange comments with the other groups about their works.

Procedure for Pop Art

1. Prepare your materials 1 whole cartolina or 1 whole box board; oldcolored magazines, newspapers, or calendars; scissors; glue or paste;watercolors, acrylic paints, poster colors, crayons, or pastels; #8paintbrushes and/or sponges.

2. Select a popular subject for your artwork (e.g., a product, acelebrity, a movie or television character, a sport, a place, a brandname, etc.). Plan how this will be depicted using your availablematerials.


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3. Cut out images, letters, etc. from the magazines, newspapers, orcalendars, and glue or paste them on the cartolina or board. Color thesurrounding background with watercolors, poster colors, or anyavailable paints. You may add details with crayons or pastels.

4. Decide on a title for your group artwork and display it in the classroom.

5. Be ready to explain the pop art style and techniques that you used(e.g., inspired by Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, etc.) and toexchange comments with the other groups about their works.

WHAT TO UNDERSTAND

1. Explain the shift of the center of art from Europe to the United Statesin the mid-1900s. What political, economic, or social conditionscaused this shift?

2. Was modern art readily accepted as true art? Why or why not?3. How did the U.S. involvement in modern art eventually influence

Philippine art? What historical developments allowed this to happen?4. Can you name any Filipino artists who used or are using any of these

modernist styles?5. Do these styles appeal to you? Explain why or why not.

WHAT TO PERFORM


Having learned about and understood the concept and techniques of abstractexpressionism, pop art, and op art, you can now prepare your artworks for theculminating exhibit at the end of the quarter.

1. Properly label all the finished artworks with original titles, your groupmembers names, the date, and the technique used.



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Contemporary Arts Forms:Installation Art and Performance Art

he 20th century also saw the rise of new art forms aside from the traditionalones of painting and sculpture. Among these were installation art and

performance art. Installation art makes use of space and materials in trulyinnovative ways, while performance art makes use of the human body, facialexpressions, gestures, and sounds. Both speak powerfully about contemporaryissues, challenging their viewers to respond.

Installation Art

Installation art is a contemporary art form that uses sculptural materials and othermedia to modify the way the viewer experiences a particular space. Usuallylifesize or sometimes even larger, installation art is not necessarily confined togallery spaces. It can be constructed or positioned in everyday public or privatespaces, both indoor and outdoor.

Cordillera LabyrinthRoberto Villanueva, 1989Bamboo and runo grassOutdoor installation at the Cultural Center of the Philippines

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Pasyon at RebolusyonSantiago Bose, 1989Mixed media installation

Go to Room 117Sid Gomez Hildawa, 1990Mixed media installation


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Four MasksEdgar Talusan Fernandez, 1991Outdoor installation

Materials used in todays installation art range from everyday items and naturalmaterials to new media such as video, sound, performance, and computers.

It may be said that primitive forms of this art have existed since prehistoric times.However, this genre was not regarded as a distinct category until the mid-20thcentury and only came to prominence in the 1970s. The installation artistsmanipulation of space and materials has also been called environmental art,project art, and temporary art.

Essentially, installation art creates an entire sensory experience for the viewer. Manyinstallations are of a size and structure that the viewer can actually walk throughthem, and experience varying facets of the work in stages. Some works allow theviewer to touch or feel, hear, and smell elements that the artist has incorporated in theinstallation. Thus, there is a strong parallel between installation art and theater. Bothplay to an audience that is expected to interact with and be affected by the sensoryexperience that surrounds them.


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Performance Art

Performance art is a form of modern art in which the actions of an individual or a groupat a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work. It can happenanywhere, at any time, or for any length of time. It can be any situation that involvesfour basic elements:

time space the performers body a relationship between performer and audience.

In performance art, the performer himselfor herself is the artist.

Performance art does include such activities as theater, dance, music, mime, juggling,and gymnastics. However, the term is usually reserved for more unexpected, avant-garde, and unorthodox activities intended to capture the audiences attention. Theperformer himself or herself is the artist, rather than an actor playing a character as ina stage play.

The performance venue may range from an art gallery or museum to a theater, caf,bar, or street corner. The performance itself rarely follows a traditional story line or plot.It might be a series of intimate gestures, a grand theatrical act, or the performerremaining totally still. It may last for just a few minutes or extend for several hours. Itmay be based on a written script or spontaneously improvised as the performanceunfolds.


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WHAT TO KNOW

A. Installation Art

1. What are the distinct characteristics of installation art?2. Why is it called installation?3. In general, what do installation artists express in their works? Cite two

examples from these Learners Materials.4. Aside from the traditional mediums and materials, what new elements

can installation artists incorporate in their works?5. What are some unique ways that the viewer can get to experience a

piece of installation art?

B. Performance Art

1. What are different names for performance art?2. How do these point to the distinct qualities of this form of art?3. In what decade did this art form emerge?4. As distinct from traditional art forms, what or who serves as the

medium in performance art? Explain briefly.5. Give examples of places where performance art takes place.

WHAT TO PROCESS

Your teacher will divide the class into four groups. Groups A and B will create aninstallation artwork. Groups C and D will present performance art.

Groups A and B: Installation Art

1. The group members will brainstorm on the concept of an installationwork to be constructed within the school grounds.

2. As a group, gather creative and innovative materials for the plannedinstallation and bring these to your chosen work area.

3. Together, assemble the materials to construct your installation.4. Give the work a thought-provoking title and label it accordingly.5. All the groups will then take a tour of the installations created by the

others.6. Hold a discussion on how the finished works made the class members

feel and think; and whether they consider these good examples ofinstallation art or not.


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Groups C and D: Performance Art

1. The group members will brainstorm on the concept of a performanceart presentation.

2. As a group, agree on the place, equipment, costumes, and props (ifany) for your presentation.

3. Assign roles/tasks to each group member, as performers, productioncrew, etc.

4. At the assigned time, the two groups will perform in front of the class.5. Hold a discussion on how the performance art presentations made the

class members feel and think; and whether they consider these goodexamples of performance art or not.

WHAT TO UNDERSTAND

1. Do installation art and performance art exemplify the qualities ofmodern art? If yes, in what ways do they do so?

2. Do art forms like these serve a purpose in todays world? Explain youropinion.

3. Select two examples of installation art in these Learners Materials anddescribe your reaction to itwhether positive or negative, or a bit ofboth.

4. Do you think you would enjoy experiencing performance art? Why orwhy not?

5. Compare your former views on what art is with what you now see ininstallation art and performance art. Have your views changed? Inwhat way?

WHAT TO PERFORM

CULMINATING ACTIVITY FOR QUARTER I:AN EXHIBIT OF MODERN ART

The last session for Quarter I will be devoted to staging An Exhibit of ModernArt presenting the following categories:

1. Impressionism2. Expressionism3. Abstractionism, Pop art, Op art4. Installation art5. Performance art


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You will be assigned to select from among your own works, as well as source photos,magazine or calendar cutouts, Internet images, etc. of at least two to threerepresentative artworks each for the above categories.

Curating the Exhibit

Each artwork will be accompanied by a card briefly describing the work as follows:

For student-made artworks:

Title _________________________________________________

Artist/s _________________________________________________

Artistic style and medium used _______________________________

Date of creation ___________________________________________

For reproductions or images of known artworks:

Title _________________________________________________

Artist _________________________________________________

Artistic style and medium used _______________________________

Year or period of creation __________________________________

Prevailing historical events at that time

Link between the work and the context in which it was created

Invite the school Administration, other faculty members, and your schoolmates tovisit the exhibit. Be prepared to explain the works and how these present thecharacteristics of different movements and styles of modern art.


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Critiquing the Exhibit

As a form of self-evaluation, rate the culminating exhibit using the format below:

AN EXHIBIT ON MODERN ARTEvaluation Form

Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor

Selection of artworks(theme and message)

Completeness of exhibit

Presentation(display, mounting, andlabelling of works)

Assignment of tasks

Cooperation among students

Response of exhibit visitors


MAPEH MODULES K-12

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