Map A: Gerhard Mercator. Virginia and Maryland, 1636.
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Transcript of Map A: Gerhard Mercator. Virginia and Maryland, 1636.
Map A: Gerhard Mercator. Virginia and Maryland, 1636
Map B: Edward Williams. A Map of Virginia, 1651.
The Pilgrimshttp://pioneersofbearddom.com/2011/11/01/the-pilgrims-2010/
Puritans and PilgrimsPuritanism originated among
Anglican Church members who thought the Reformation hadn’t rejected Roman Catholicism enough
Under Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603) the Anglican Church was free from Catholic control
The Puritans wanted to “purify” the Anglican church by removing all traces of Catholicism
What Puritans BelievedPuritans believed every
worshipper should experience God directly thru faith, prayer, & Bible study
Puritans respected their ministers as sources of religious instruction, but objected to the authority of the Anglican bishops
Some Puritans wanted to remain in the Anglican Church & reform it, but others wanted to form congregations independent of bishops’ control
Don’t Confuse Separatists With PuritansSome of those who wanted to
be independent—called Separatists-escaped from England to Holland to escape persecution
After a dozen years in Holland, the Separatists had a hard time finding jobs-and their kids were growing up Dutch
1620-A small group of families contracted with the Virginia Company, sailed to Plymouth on the Mayflower-known as Pilgrims
The Massachusetts Bay CompanyEnglish Puritans began to worry
more & more about how King Charles I ignored English law
Like Separatists, they felt increased religious persecution, political repression, & poverty
1629-Puritan leader John Winthrop & some of his well-connected friends obtained a charter for a joint-stock company
The Massachusetts Bay Company quickly began transporting Puritans to New England
Massachusetts Bay ColonySept. 1630-Winthrop
established Massachusetts Bay Colony with Boston as its capital
Soon other towns were founded, with thousands of Puritans fleeing an impending Civil War in England
In the 1st year alone, 17 ships brought 1000 men, women, & children
Eventually Plymouth colony was absorbed into Massachusetts Bay
“A City on a Hill”John Winthrop, who served 4
terms as the colony’s governor, expressed the sense of religious mission that bound the Puritans together
“We shall be as a city upon a hill,”—by which he meant the world would be watching how closely they followed God
Although Puritans made no effort to create a democracy, they divided political power
Who Had Power in Massachusetts Bay?Massachusetts Bay
Company gave the right to vote not only to stockholders but to all adult males who belonged to the Puritan church
This was 40% of the colony’s men-a large electorate by European standards in 1630
These freemen voted each year for members of the Massachusetts General Court, which in turn chose the governor
A Massachusetts Town Meeting-American democracy at work
Church and State CombinedIn Massachusetts Bay,
church & state were in a close relationship
Civic officials were members of the Puritan Church who believed they were God’s “elect” whose duty it was to carry out God’s will
Puritan laws criminalized drunkenness, swearing, theft, & idleness
Importance of the FamilyVirginia’s first settlers were
nearly all men, but the Puritans crossed the Atlantic as families
Puritans kept a watchful eye on the actions of husbands, wives, & children
If parents failed to discipline their kids, authorities might place them in a more “God-fearing” home
If a husband & wife bickered, the court might recommend marriage counseling-but if they still argued, one or both might end up in the stocks
The Founding of Rhode IslandPreacher Roger Williams
disagreed with the Puritan idea of forced religion
From his pulpit in Salem, Williams also claimed English settlers had no right to Native American land unless they paid for it
He also declared that government officials had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs
Kicked out of Massachusetts BayWilliams was the 1st to
advocate the separation of church & state-every person should be free to worship as he wished
The General Court ordered Williams be arrested & returned to England
Jan., 1636-Williams fled Massachusetts south to Narragansett Bay, & bought land from Indians
He set up a new colony, Rhode Island, which guaranteed religious toleration for Protestants
Anne Hutchinson BanishedAnother dissenter, Anne
Hutchinson, held Bible studies in her home
She came to believe that the Holy Spirit would enlighten the heart of every true believer
If that was the case, who needed a minister to interpret the Bible for them?
1638-Puritan leaders banished Hutchinson
She moved with 6 of her 12 children to a Dutch colony (today’s New York) which practiced religious toleration
Native Americans ResistEnglish settlers were
fanning out from Massachusetts into Connecticut & New Hampshire
Native Americans saw their lands claimed & cleared for farming
They recognized the rapid spread of the settlers meant an end to their way of life
Disputes Over LandFor every acre a colonial
farmer needed to support life, the Native Americans needed 20
They needed so much to hunt, fish, & grow food
For Native Americans, no one owned the land, but it was there for all to use
Treaties in which the Europeans gave them blankets, guns, iron tools, or ornaments, was just a temporary deal
Europeans, saw such treaties as permanent
The Pequot War
The Pequot tribe decided to take a stand against the colonistsThey formed an alliance with their old enemies, the NarragansettsMay, 1637-90 English colonists & their Native American allies surrounded
a Pequot fort & massacred the Pequot men, women, & kidsOnly a few of the 600 people inside survived
King Philip’s WarWithout land or livelihood,
many Native Americans had to work for the English to eat
They also had to obey Puritan laws such as no hunting on Sunday
Wampanoag chief Metacom bristled under these restrictions
Metacom-called King Philip by the English-organized his tribe & others into an alliance
Putting Down the WampanoagsSpring, 1675-Using hit-&-run
tactics, Native Americans attacked outlying settlements throughout New England
The brutal, destructive war went on for 2 years
Native Americans ran out of food, & were decimated by disease & heavy casualties
King Philip was killed by a bullet fired by a Native American ally of the English
The High Price of VictoryKing Philip’s head was put on
display in Plymouth for 20 years
With his defeat, Native American power in New England was gone forever
The English paid a price, too—fully 10% of all colonial adult men were killed in King Philip’s War
That’s a higher proportion of the total population than even the American Civil War
New England Colonial Expansion
Causes EffectsPersecution of Puritans
in EnglandPuritan emigration to
New England
Puritan belief in hard work
Rapid growth & success of Massachusetts Bay
Roger Williams dissenting beliefs
Rhode Island founded-separation of church &
state
Rapid colonial growth in New England
Conflict with Native Americans
Defeat of King Philip End of Native American power in New England
Causes EffectsPersecution of Puritans
in England
Puritan belief in hard work
Roger Williams dissenting beliefs
Rapid colonial growth in New England
Defeat of King Philip