Manuel Acuña-Roxas

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You stop to pick some flowers for your. do

you pick all red, all white, or a half of

both?red = you give

white = you take

both = you expect equal amounts of both

You arrive and the maid answers thedoor. do you ask the maid to go get your

guy/girl or do you go up yourself?



You are in their room, but they are not

there yet. do you put the flowers on the

window or the bed?go yourself = confront issues yourself

send maid = wait for others to do it

You had a great time. now you go home.

do you go the long way or the short way? long way = long-term relationship

short way = short-term thing



Find the face

among the beans



January 1, 1892 ² April 15, 1948

´Our safest course is in

the glistening wake of

America whose sure

advance with mighty

prow breaks for smaller

craft the waves of fear.µ



5th President of thePhilippines

3rd President of theCommonwealth

1st president of theThird Republic



Gerardo

Roxas

Rosario

Acuña

ManuelRoxas

Trinidadde Leon



Capiz Elementary School

Saint Joseph·s College ( Hong Kong)

Manila High SchoolBachelor of Laws at University of the

Philippines

Placed First in the bar examinations in

1913



A professor at : Philippine Law School

National University

Secretary of Supreme Court

Municipal Councilor in Capiz (1917)

Governor of the province (1919)

Speaker of the House of RepresentativesResignation in disapproval of American

Gov-Gen Leonard Wood



OSROX mission (1933) Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act

Member of the National Assembly(1935-1938)

Secretary of Finance under Quezon

Administration (1938-1941)

A senator and later became Senate

president (1941)



Reserve Major in the Philippine Army

Liason officer to General Douglas

MacArthurBrigadier General (Gen. Wainwright)

General



Election on April 23, 1946

Left the Nationalista Party

Built a new party- the Liberal PartyHe won as President and Elpidio Quirino

(the 6th President) as his Vice President

Took his oath on May 28, 1946



Post-War problems/ WW II Damages

Damaged by Graft and Corruption

Distrust from People Abuse from the military and police

Problems with the Huks (Members of

HUKBALAHAP)



1. Economic Rehabilitation

2. Cultural Rehabilitation

3. Financial Poverty of the Government4. Maintenance of peace and order

5. Granting of amnesty to all alleged

collaborators during the Japanese

occupation6. Parity rights provided for under the Bell

Trade Act of 1948



Although President Roxas granted

amnesty to wartime collaborators, he

dealt harshly with another group: theHuks.

Towards the end of the war, instead of

being rewarded for fighting the Japanese,

the U.S. military in some cases disarmedand arrested the Huks, then handed them

over to agents of the landlords.



In July 1945, a month before the war

ended, Communists, Socialists, peasant

unions and various other groups joinedto create the Democratic Alliance.



The Democratic Alliance candidates was

harassed during the 1946 election

campaign by the big landowners· goonsand police

They were banned to meetings.

Six Democratic Alliance candidates won

seats in the national legislature.



passed by the United States Congress to

establish the conditions for

independence of the Philippines .This Act gave the Philippines $800

million in war damages in exchange for

free trade provisions.

These provisions included a waiver of allimport duties on goods shipped by America

to the Philippines and equal access by

Americans to Filipino natural resources.



This Act also pegged the Filipinocurrency (the peso) to the Americandollar and;

prohibited the Philippines from sellingproducts that might "come intosubstantial competition" with U.S.-madegoods.

In 1955, the Laurel-Langley Agreement modified this law on termsmore favorable to the Philippines.



The Parity Clause of the Bell Trade Actrequired the Philippines to make changes tothe 1935 Constitution·s thirteenth article,

(which had reserved the use of naturalresources for Filipinos only)The amendment gave American citizens

and corporations full access to Philippinenatural resources and ;

operation of public utilities while denyingthis special access to citizens of othercountries.



In March 1948 President Roxas declared

the Huks to be a communist organization

and outlawed them. It was a declaration of war against the

peasant-based movement.



On April 15, 1948, while visiting the

American-controlled Clark Air Base,

President Roxas suffered aheart attack

and died.

Manuel Acuña-Roxas

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