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    EN BANC

    IN THE MATTER OF THEPETITION FOR THE WRIT

    OF AMPARO AND THE

    WRIT OFHABEAS DATA IN

    FAVOR OF MELISSA C.

    ROXAS,

    MELISSA C. ROXAS, Petitioner,

    -versus-

    GLORIA MACAPAGAL-

    ARROYO, GILBERT

    TEODORO, GEN. VICTOR S.

    IBRADO, P/DIR. GEN.

    JESUS AME VERZOSA, LT.

    GEN. DELFIN N. BANGIT,

    PC/SUPT. LEON NILO A.

    DELA CRUZ, MAJ. GEN.

    RALPH VILLANUEVA,PS/SUPT. RUDY GAMIDO

    LACADIN, AND CERTAIN

    PERSONS WHO GO BY THE

    NAME[S] DEX, RC AND

    ROSE,

    Respondents.

    G.R. N. !"#!$$

    Present:

    CORONA, C.J.,

    CARPIO,

    CARPIO MORALES,

    VELASCO, JR.,

    NACHURA,LEONARDO-DE CASTRO,

    RION,!

    PERALTA,

    ERSAMIN,

    DEL CASTILLO,

    AAD,

    VILLARAMA, JR.,

    PERE",

    MENDO"A, #nd

    SERENO,JJ.

    Pro$%&'#ted:

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    Septe$(er ), *++

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    D E C I S I O N

    PEREZ,J.%

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    At (en/ is # Petition 0or Re1ie2 on Certiorari34#ss#i&in' t/e Deision*3*4

    d#ted *5 A%'%st *++6 o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in CA-8.R. SP No. +++95-RA ;

    # petition t/#t 2#s o$$ened AmparoR%&e? #ndHabeas Data >Habeas DataR%&e?. In its deision, t/e Co%rt o7

    Appe#&s etended to t/e petitioner, Me&iss# C. Ro#s, t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rits o7

    amparo #nd habeas data(%t denied t/e tter@s pr#=ers 7or #n inspetion order,

    prod%tion order #nd ret%rn o7 spei7ied person#& (e&on'in's. T/e fallo o7 t/e

    deision re#ds:

    WHEREFORE, t/e Petition is PARTIALL MERITORIOUS. T/is

    Co%rt /ere(= 'r#nts Petitioner t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e rit o7 A$p#ro #nd H#(e#s

    D#t#.

    Aordin'&=, Respondents #re en

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    Petitioner is #n A$eri#n itien o7 0i&ipino desent.34 /i&e in t/e United

    St#tes, petitioner enro&&ed in #n epos%re pro'r#$ to t/e P/i&ippines 2it/ t/e 'ro%p

    Bagong Alyansang Makabayan-United St#tes o7 A$eri# >BAYA-USA? o7 2/i/

    s/e is # $e$(er.F3F4 D%rin' t/e o%rse o7 /er i$$ersion, petitioner to%red 1#rio%s

    pro1ines #nd to2ns o7 Centr#& L%on #nd, in Apri& o7 *++6, s/e 1o&%nteered to

    PF,+++.++? in #s/,

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    S%dden&=, 7i7teen >F? /e#1i&= #r$ed $en 7ori(&= opened t/e door, (#r'ed

    inside #nd ordered petitioner #nd /er o$p#nions to &ie on t/e 'ro%nd 7#e do2n. *

    3*4 T/e #r$ed $en 2ere #&& in i1i&i#n &ot/es #nd, 2it/ t/e eeption o7 t/eir

    &e#der, 2ere #&so 2e#rin' (onnets to one#& t/eir 7#es.9394

    Petitioner tried to protest t/e intr%sion, (%t 7i1e >F? o7 t/e #r$ed $en '#n'ed

    %p on /er #nd tied /er /#nds.34At t/is CPP-NPA?, petitioner 2#s sep#r#ted 7ro$ /er o$p#nions #nd

    2#s esorted to # roo$ t/#t s/e (e&ie1ed 2#s #

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    t#in' o77 #nd ndin' #nd so$e onstr%tion (%st&e.*3*4 S/e in7erred t/#t s/e 2#s

    t#en to t/e $i&it#r= #$p o7 0ort M#'s#=s#= in L#%r, N%e1# EiF? str#i'/t d#=s o7 interro'#tion o%p&ed 2it/

    tort%re.*93*94 T/e t/r%st o7 t/e interro'#tions 2#s to on1ine petitioner to #(#ndon

    /er o$$%nist (e&ie7s in 7#1or o7 ret%rnin' to t/e 7o&d.K*3*4 T/e tort%re, on t/e

    ot/er /#nd, onsisted o7 t#%ntin', /oin', (oin' #nd s%77o#tin' t/e petitioner. *F

    3*F4

    T/ro%'/o%t t/e entiret= o7 /er orde#&, petitioner 2#s $#de to s%77er in

    (&ind7o&ds e1en in /er s&eep.*53*54 Petitioner 2#s on&= re&ie1ed o7 /er (&ind7o&ds

    2/en s/e 2#s #&&o2ed to t#e # (#t/, d%rin' 2/i/ s/e (e#$e #%#inted 2it/ #

    2o$#n n#$ed RoseK 2/o (#t/ed /er.*)3*)4 T/ere 2ere #&so # 7e2 ti$es 2/en s/e

    /e#ted /er (&ind7o&d #nd 2#s #(&e to pee #t /er s%rro%ndin's.*G3*G4

    Despite (ein' depri1ed o7 si'/t, /o2e1er, petitioner 2#s sti&& #(&e to &e#rn

    t/e n#$es o7 t/ree o7 /er interro'#tors 2/o introd%ed t/e$se&1es to /er #s De,K

    J#$esK #nd RC.K*63*64 RCK e1en to&d petitioner t/#t t/ose 2/o tort%red /er #$e

    7ro$ t/e $pe&ial #perations 'roup,K #nd t/#t s/e 2#s #(d%ted (e#%se /er n#$e

    is in&%ded in t/e #rder of Battle.K9+39+4

    *3*4 Id.**3**4 Id. #t F.*93*94 Id. #t *-F.*3*4 Id.*F3*F4 Id.*53*54 Id. #t *.*)3*)4 Id. #t *-9.*G3*G4 S%pp&e$ent#& A77id#1it. Id. #t 6-65.*63*64 Id. #t -F #nd 6F.9+39+4 Id. #t F.

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    On *F M#= *++6, petitioner 2#s 7in#&&= re&e#sed #nd ret%rned to /er %n&e@s

    /o%se in %eon Cit=.9394 e7ore (ein' re&e#sed, /o2e1er, t/e #(d%tors '#1e

    petitioner # e&&%r p/one 2it/ # SIM9*39*4 #rd, # s&ip o7 p#per ont#inin' #n e-

    $#i& #ddress 2it/ p#ss2ord,993994# psti (#' ont#inin' (is%its #nd (oos,9394

    t/e /#nd%77s %sed on /er, # (&o%se #nd # p#ir o7 s/oes. 9F39F4 Petitioner 2#s #&so

    stern&= 2#rned not to report t/e inident to t/e 'ro%p (arapatan or so$et/in'

    %nto2#rd 2i&& /#ppen to /er #nd /er 7#$i&=.953954

    So$eti$e #7ter /er re&e#se, petitioner ontin%ed to reei1e #&&s 7ro$ RC via

    t/e e&&%r p/one 'i1en to /er.9)39)4 O%t o7 #ppre/ension t/#t s/e 2#s (ein'

    $onitored #nd #&so 7e#rin' 7or t/e s#7et= o7 /er 7#$i&=, petitioner t/re2 #2#= t/e

    e&&%r p/one 2it/ # SIM #rd.

    Seein' s#nt%#r= #'#inst t/e t/re#t o7 7%t%re /#r$ #s 2e&& #s t/e

    s%ppression o7 #n= eistin' 'o1ern$ent 7i&es or reords &inin' /er to t/e

    o$$%nist $o1e$ent, petitioner 7i&ed # "etition for the )rits of Amparo and

    Habeas Data (e7ore t/is Co%rt on J%ne *++6.9G39G4 Petitioner i$p&e#ded p%(&i

    o77ii#&s o%p=in' t/e %pper$ost e/e&ons o7 t/e $i&it#r= #nd po&ie /ier#r/= #s

    9 394 Id. #t F-5. Per in1esti'#tion o7 t/e po&ie, J%#nito C#r#(eo 2#s re&e#sed (= t/e #(d%tors on *

    M#= *++6 #&on' t/e /i'/2#= o7 BarangayS#nt# Cr%, L%(#o, P#$p#n'#. His e#t 2/er#(o%ts #re,/o2e1er, present&= %nno2n. Aordin' to t/e po&ie, C#r#(eo /#s ) o%tst#ndin' 2#rr#nts o7 #rrest. As o7

    t/e ti$e o7 t/is deision, no ne2s reti1e to t/e re&e#se #ndBor 2/ere#(o%ts o7 Jo/n Ed2#rd J#ndo is

    o(t#in#(&e.9*39*4 Me#nin', s%(sri(er Identit= Mod%&e.99 3994 T/e e$#i& #ddress is riveradong*yahoo.&om,K 2it/ t/e p#ss2ord dantes+,,-.K CA rollo% #t

    65.9 394 T/e (oo 2#s ove in the /imes of CholeraK (= 8#(rie& 8#ri# M#r%e, #nd # op= o7 # i(&e

    o7 t/e in' J#$es Version. Id. #t 6F.9F39F4 Id. #t F.953954 Id.9)39)4 Id.9G 39G4 Id. #t *-G. S/ort&= #7ter 7i&in' t/e petition, petitioner 2ent to t/e United St#tes to re%per#te 7ro$

    /er eperiene. S/e #$e (# to t/e P/i&ippines on 9+ J%&= *++6 to testi7= on t/e #77id#1its #tt#/ed to /er

    petition (e7ore t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, (%t ret%rned i$$edi#te&= to t/e United St#tes.

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    respondents, on t/e (e&ie7 t/#t it 2#s 'o1ern$ent #'ents 2/o 2ere (e/ind /er

    #(d%tion #nd tort%re. Petitioner &ie2ise in&%ded in /er s%it Rose,K DeK #nd

    RC.K963964

    T/e Amparo #nd Habeas Data petition pr#=s t/#t: >? respondents (e

    en*? #n order

    (e iss%ed #&&o2in' t/e inspetion o7 detention #re#s in t/e )t/ In7#ntr= Di1ision,

    0ort M#'s#=s#=, L#%r, N%e1# Ei9? respondents (e ordered to prod%e

    do%$ents retin' to #n= report on t/e #se o7 petitioner in&%din', (%t not &i$ited

    to, inte&&i'ene report #nd oper#tion reports o7 t/e ) t/In7#ntr= Di1ision, t/e Spei#&

    Oper#tions 8ro%p o7 t/e Ar$ed 0ores o7 t/e P/i&ippines >A0P? #nd its

    s%(sidi#ries or (r#n/Bes prior to, d%rin' #nd s%(se%ent to 6 M#= *++6 >?

    respondents (e ordered to ep%n'e 7ro$ t/e reords o7 t/e respondents #n=

    do%$ent pertinent or onneted to Me&iss# C. Ro#s, Me&iss# Ro#s or #n= n#$e

    2/i/ so%nds t/e s#$e #nd >F? respondents (e ordered to ret%rn to petitioner /er

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    On G J%ne *++6, t/e O77ie o7 t/e So&iitor 8ener#& >OS8?, 7i&ed # Return

    of the )rits9394on (e/#&7 o7 t/e p%(&i o77ii#&s i$p&e#ded #s respondents.

    e no2 t%rn to t/e de7enses interposed (= t/e p%(&i respondents.

    T/e p%(&i respondents (e& petitioner@s #&&e'ed #(d%tion #nd tort%re #s

    st#'e $#n#'ed.K34 In s%pport o7 t/eir #%s#tion, t/e p%(&i respondents

    prinip#&&= re&= on t/e st#te$ent o7 Mr. P#o&o, #s ont#ined in t/e $pe&ial

    ReportF3F4o7 t/e L# P# Po&ie St#tion. In t/e $pe&ial Report, Mr. P#o&o dis&osed

    t/#t, prior to t/e p%rported #(d%tion, petitioner #nd /er o$p#nions instr%ted /i$

    #nd /is t2o sons to #1oid &e#1in' t/e /o%se.5354 0ro$ t/is st#te$ent, t/e p%(&i

    respondents dre2 t/e distint possi(i&it= t/#t, eept 7or t/ose #&re#d= inside Mr.

    P#o&o@s /o%se, no(od= e&se /#s #n= 2#= o7 no2in' 2/ere petitioner #nd /er

    o$p#nions 2ere #t t/e ti$e t/e= 2ere s%pposed&= #(d%ted.)3)4 T/is #n on&=

    $e#n, t/e p%(&i respondents on&%ded, t/#t i7 e1er t/ere 2#s #n= #(d%tionK it

    $%st neess#ri&= /#1e (een pnned (=, or done 2it/ t/e onsent o7, t/e petitioner

    #nd /er o$p#nions t/e$se&1es.G3G4

    P%(&i respondents #&so ited t/eMedi&al Certifi&ate6364o7 t/e petitioner, #s

    #t%#&&= (e&=in' /er i$s t/#t s/e 2#s s%(F?

    d#=s. T/e p%(&i respondents noted t/#t 2/i&e t/e petitioner #&&e'es t/#t s/e 2#s

    /oed #nd (oed (= /er #(d%tors;in7&itions t/#t o%&d /#1e e#si&= prod%ed

    9 394 No ret%rn 2#s 7i&ed (= or 7or t/e %nno2n respondents De,K RoseK #nd RC.K Id. #t 9F-6G.34 Id. #t F5.F3F4 Id. #t G #nd 6+.5354 Id.)3)4 Id. #t FG.G3G4 Id. #t F6.6364 Id. #t ).

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    re$#r#(&e (r%ises;/er Medi&al Certifi&ateon&= s/o2s #(r#sions in /er 2rists

    #nd nee #ps.F+3F+4

    0or t/e p%(&i respondents, t/e #(o1e #no$#&ies p%t in %estion t/e 1er=

    #%t/entiit= o7 petitioner@s #&&e'ed #(d%tion #nd tort%re, $ore so #n= $i&it#r= or

    po&ie in1o&1e$ent t/erein. Hene, p%(&i respondents on&%de t/#t t/e i$s o7

    #(d%tion #nd tort%re 2#s no $ore t/#n # /#r#de 7#(ri#ted (= t/e petitioner to

    p%t t/e 'o1ern$ent in (#d &i'/t, #nd #t t/e s#$e ti$e, (rin' 're#t $edi# $i&e#'e to

    /er #nd t/e 'ro%p t/#t s/e represents.F3F4

    Ne1ert/e&ess, e1en #ss%$in' t/e #(d%tion #nd tort%re to (e 'en%ine, t/e

    p%(&i respondents insist on t/e dis$iss#& o7 t/eAmparo#ndHabeas Datapetition

    (#sed on t/e 7o&&o2in' 'ro%nds: >#? #s #'#inst respondent President 8&ori#

    M##p#'#&-Arro=o, in p#rti%r, (e#%se o7 /er i$$%nit= 7ro$ s%it,F*3F*4#nd >(? #s

    #'#inst #&& o7 t/e p%(&i respondents, in 'ener#&, in 1ie2 o7 t/e #(sene o7 #n=

    spei7i #&&e'#tion in t/e petition t/#t t/e= /#d p#rtiip#ted in, or #t &e#st

    #%t/oried, t/e o$$ission o7 s%/ #troities.F93F94

    0in#&&=, t/e p%(&i respondents posit t/#t t/e= /#d not (een re$iss in t/eir

    d%t= to #sert#in t/e tr%t/ (e/ind t/e #&&e'#tions o7 t/e petitioner. F3F4 In (ot/ t/e

    po&ie #nd $i&it#r= #r$s o7 t/e 'o1ern$ent $#/iner=, in%iries 2ere set-%p in t/e

    7o&&o2in' $#nner:

    "oli&e A&tion

    F+3F+4 Id. #t 5+-5.F3F4 Id. #t 5+.F*3F*4 Id. #t *-9F93F94 Id. #t 9-FF.F3F4 Id.

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    Po&ie #%t/orities 7irst &e#rned o7 t/e p%rported #(d%tion #ro%nd :9+

    o@&o in t/e #7ternoon o7 6 M#= *++6, 2/en BarangayC#pt#in Mi/#e& M.

    M#n%e& #$e to t/e L# P# M%niip#& Po&ie St#tion to report t/e presene o7

    /e#1i&= #r$ed $en so$e2/ere inBarangay #p#nii#n.FF3FF4Atin' on t/e report,

    t/e po&ie st#tion %n/ed #n initi#& in1esti'#tion.F53F54

    T/e initi#& in1esti'#tion re1o&1ed #ro%nd t/e st#te$ent o7 Mr. P#o&o, 2/o

    in7or$ed t/e in1esti'#tors o7 #n #(d%tion inident in1o&1in' t/ree >9? persons;

    ter identi7ied #s petitioner Me&iss# Ro#s, J%#nito C#r#(eo #nd Jo/n Ed2#rd

    J#ndo;2/o 2ere #&& st#=in' in /is /o%se.F)3F)4 Mr. P#o&o dis&osed t/#t t/e

    #(d%tion o%rred #ro%nd :9+ o@&o in t/e #7ternoon, #nd 2#s perpetr#ted (=

    #(o%t ei'/t >G? /e#1i&= #r$ed $en 2/o 7ored t/eir 2#= inside /is /o%se.FG3FG4

    Ot/er 2itnesses to t/e #(d%tion #&so on7ir$ed t/#t t/e #r$ed $en %sed # d#r

    (&%e 1#n 2it/ #n %nno2n pte n%$(er #nd t2o >*? Hond# RM $otor=&es

    2it/ no pte n%$(ers.F63F64

    At F:++ o@&o in t/e #7ternoon o7 6 M#= *++6, t/e in1esti'#tors sent #

    0s/ Mess#'e to t/e di77erent po&ie st#tions s%rro%ndin' L# P#, T#r, in #n

    e77ort to tr# #nd &o#te t/e 1#n #nd $otor=&es o7 t/e s%spets. Un7ort%n#te&=,

    t/e e77ort =ie&ded ne'#ti1e res%&ts.5+35+4

    FF3FF4 Id. #t G #nd 6+.F53F54 Id.F)3F)4 Id.FG3FG4 Id.F63F64 Id.5+ 35+4 Id. #t 9

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    On *+ M#= *++6, t/e res%&ts o7 t/e initi#& in1esti'#tion 2ere in&%ded in #

    $pe&ial Report5354 t/#t 2#s tr#ns$itted to t/e T#r Po&ie Pro1ini#& O77ie,

    /e#ded (= p%(&i respondent PBS S%pt. R%d= L##din >S%pt. L##din?. P%(&i

    respondent S%pt. L##din, in t%rn, in7or$ed t/e Re'ion#& Po&ie O77ie o7 Re'ion 9

    #(o%t t/e #(d%tion.5*35*4 0o&&o2-%p in1esti'#tions 2ere, #t t/e s#$e ti$e,

    p%rs%ed.593594

    On *5 M#= *++6, p%(&i respondent PCBS%pt. Leon Ni&o De Cr%, #s

    Diretor o7 t/e Re'ion#& Po&ie O77ie 7or Re'ion 9, #%sed t/e re#tion o7 Spei#&

    In1esti'#tion T#s 8ro%p;CAROJAN >T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN? to ond%t #n in-

    dept/ in1esti'#tion on t/e #(d%tion o7 t/e petitioner, C#r#(eo #nd J#ndo.5354

    T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN st#rted its in%ir= (= $#in' # series o7 (#'ro%nd

    e#$in#tions on t/e 1iti$s o7 t/e p%rported #(d%tion, in order to re1e#& t/e

    $oti1e (e/ind t/e #(d%tion #nd, %&ti$#te&=, t/e identit= o7 t/e perpetr#tors. 5F35F4

    T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN #&so $#int#ined &i#isons 2it/(arapatan#nd t/e A&&i#ne

    7or Ad1#ne$ent o7 Peop&e@s Ri'/ts;or'#ni#tions tr%sted (= petitioner;in t/e

    /opes o7 o(t#inin' t/e tter@s p#rtiip#tion in t/e on'oin' in1esti'#tions.553554

    Un7ort%n#te&=, t/e &etters sent (= t/e in1esti'#tors re%estin' 7or t/e #1#i(i&it= o7

    t/e petitioner 7or in%iries 2ere &e7t %n/eeded.5)35)4

    5354

    Id. #t G.5*35*4 A77id#1it o7 PCBS%pt. Leon Ni&o A. De Cr%. Id. #t G9.593594 Id. #t G-6+.5354 Initi#& Report o7 Spei#& In1esti'#ti1e T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN, id. #t *-.5F35F4 Id. #t 9-.55 3554 $ee Letters sent (= PCBS%pt. 8i& C. Meneses, /e#d o7 Spei#& In1esti'#ti1e T#s 8ro%p

    CAROJAN, to Sister Cei&e R%i o7 (arapatan#nd t/e A&&i#ne 7or Ad1#ne$ent o7 Peop&e@s Ri'/ts. Id.#t 69-6.

    5)35)4 Id. #t F.

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    T/e pro'ress o7 t/e in1esti'#tions ond%ted (= T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN /#d

    (een det#i&ed in t/e reports5G35G4t/#t it s%($itted to p%(&i respondent 8ener#& Jes%s

    A$e Veros#, t/e C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&ie. Ho2e1er, #s o7 t/eir

    test report d#ted *6 J%ne *++6, T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN is sti&& %n#(&e to $#e #

    de7initi1e 7indin' #s to t/e tr%e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e #(d%tors;# 7#t t/#t

    t#s 'ro%p CAROJAN #ttri(%tes to t/e re7%s#& o7 t/e petitioner, or #n= o7 /er

    7e&&o2 1iti$s, to ooper#te in t/eir in1esti'#ti1e e77orts.563564

    Military A&tion

    P%(&i respondent 8i&(ert Teodoro, t/e Seret#r= o7 N#tion#& De7ense, 7irst

    #$e to no2 #(o%t t/e #&&e'ed #(d%tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner %pon reeipt

    o7 t/e Reso&%tion o7 t/is Co%rt diretin' /i$ #nd t/e ot/er respondents to 7i&e t/eir

    ret%rn.)+3)+4 I$$edi#te&= t/ere#7ter, /e iss%ed # Memorandum Dire&tive)3)4

    #ddressed to t/e C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e A0P, orderin' t/e tter, #$on' ot/ers, to

    ond%t #n in%ir= to deter$ine t/e 1#&idit= o7 t/e #%s#tion o7 $i&it#r=

    in1o&1e$ent in t/e #(d%tion.)*3)*4

    Atin' p%rs%#nt to t/e Memorandum Dire&tive, p%(&i respondent 8ener#&

    Vitor S. I(r#do, t/e A0P C/ie7 o7 St#77, sent #n A0P R#dio Mess#'e)93)94

    #ddressed to p%(&i respondent Lie%ten#nt 8ener#& De&7in N. #n'it >Lt. 8en.

    5G 35G4

    $eeIniti#& Report d#ted *5 M#= *++6 0irst Pro'ress Report d#ted *) M#= *++6 Seond Pro'ressReport d#ted J%ne *++6 T/ird Pro'ress Report d#ted G J%ne *++6, on t/e #&&e'ed #(d%tion #nd tort%re o7

    Me&iss# Ro#s, J%#nito C#r#(eo #nd Jo/n Ed2#rd J#ndo, prep#red (= T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN, id. #t *-*+. $ee alsoIn1esti'#tion Report d#ted *6 J%ne *++6, id. #t )6-GF.

    563564 Id. #t GF.)+3)+4 Co%nter-A77id#1it o7 Seret#r= 8i&(ert Teodoro, id. #t *-*9.)3)4 Id. #t *.)*3)*4 Id. #t **.)93)94 Id. #t )).

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    #n'it?, t/e Co$$#ndin' 8ener#& o7 t/e Ar$=, re=in' t/e order to #%se #n

    in1esti'#tion on t/e #(d%tion o7 t/e petitioner.)3)4

    0or /is p#rt, #nd t#in' %e 7ro$ t/e #&&e'#tions in t/e amparo petition,

    p%(&i respondent Lt. 8en. #n'it instr%ted p%(&i respondent M#M#

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    reso&1e (= 2/i/ t/e petitioner #77ir$ed t/e ontents o7 /er #77id#1its in open

    o%rt, #nd 2#s t/ere(= on1ined t/#t t/e tter 2#s te&&in' t/e tr%t/.G+3G+4

    On t/e ot/er /#nd, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s disre'#rded t/e #r'%$ent o7 t/e

    p%(&i respondents t/#t t/e #(d%tion o7 t/e petitioner 2#s st#'e $#n#'ed,K #s it

    is $ere&= (#sed on #n %n7o%nded spe%tion t/#t on&= t/e tter #nd /er

    o$p#nions ne2 2/ere t/e= 2ere st#=in' #t t/e ti$e t/e= 2ere 7ori(&= t#en. G

    3G4 T/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 7%rt/er stressed t/#t t/e Medi&al Certifi&ate o7 t/e

    petitioner #n on&= #77ir$ t/e eistene o7 # tr%e #(d%tion, #s its 7indin's #re

    re7&eti1e o7 t/e 1er= in

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    T/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s &ie2ise o(ser1ed # tr#ns'ression o7 t/e ri'/t to

    in7or$#tion#& pri1#= o7 t/e petitioner, notin' t/e eistene o7 reords o7

    in1esti'#tionsK t/#t onerns t/e petitioner #s # s%speted $e$(er o7 t/e CPP-

    NPA.G53G54 T/e #ppe&te o%rt deri1ed t/e eistene o7 s%/ reords 7ro$ #

    p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo 7i&e presented in # press on7erene (= p#rt=-&ist

    represent#ti1es Jo1ito P#&p#r#n >P#&p#r#n? #nd P#stor A&o1er >A&o1er?, 2/i/

    #&&e'ed&= s/o2 t/e petitioner p#rtiip#tin' in re(e& eerises. Represent#ti1e

    A&o1er #&so re1e#&ed t/#t t/e p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo #$e 7ro$ # 7e$#&e CPP-

    NPA $e$(er 2/o 2#nted o%t o7 t/e or'#ni#tion. Aordin' to t/e Co%rt o7

    Appe#&s, t/e pro&i7er#tion o7 t/e p/oto'r#p/ #nd 1ideo, #s 2e&& #s #n= 7or$ o7

    $edi#, insin%#tin' t/#t petitioner is p#rt o7 t/e CPP-NPA does not on&= onstit%te #

    1iotion o7 t/e ri'/t to pri1#= o7 t/e petitioner (%t #&so p%ts 7%rt/er str#in on /er

    #&re#d= 1oti&e se%rit=.G)3G)4 To t/is end, t/e #ppe&te o%rt 'r#nted t/e pri1i&e'e

    o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data $#nd#tin' t/e p%(&i respondents to re7r#in 7ro$

    distri(%tin' to t/e p%(&i #n= reords, in 2/#te1er 7or$, reti1e to petitioner@s

    #&&e'ed ties 2it/ t/e CPP-NPA or pertinent&= reted to /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re.GG

    3GG4

    T/e 7ore'oin' not2it/st#ndin', /o2e1er, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2#s not

    on1ined t/#t t/e $i&it#r= or #n= ot/er person #tin' %nder t/e #%iesene o7

    t/e 'o1ern$ent, 2ere responsi(&e 7or t/e #(d%tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e petitioner.G6

    3G64 T/e #ppe&te o%rt stressed t/#t,

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    #nd tort%re o7 petitioner.6364 T/e petition 2#s &ie2ise dis$issed #s #'#inst p%(&i

    respondent President 8&ori# M##p#'#&-Arro=o, in 1ie2 o7 /er i$$%nit= 7ro$

    s%it.6*36*4

    Aordin'&=, t/e petitioner@s pr#=ers 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#&

    (e&on'in's 2ere denied.693694 Petitioner@s pr#=ers 7or #n inspetion order #nd

    prod%tion order #&so $et t/e s#$e 7#te.6364

    Hene, t/is #ppe#& (= t/e petitioner.

    AMPARO

    A.

    Petitioner 7irst ontends t/#t t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s erred in #(so&1in' t/e

    p%(&i respondents 7ro$ #n= responsi(i&it= in /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re.6F36F4

    Coro&r= to t/is, petitioner #&so 7inds 7#%&t on t/e p#rt o7 Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in

    den=in' /er pr#=er 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#& (e&on'in's.653654

    Petitioner insists t/#t t/e $#nner (= 2/i/ /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re 2#s

    #rried o%t, #s 2e&& #s t/e so%nds o7 onstr%tion, '%n-7ire #nd #irpnes t/#t s/e

    /e#rd 2/i&e in detention, #s t/ese 2ere det#i&ed in /er t2o #77id#1its #nd #77ir$ed

    6364 Id. #t )-)*.6*36*4 Id. #t )9.693694 Id. #t G.6364 Id. #t )F-)).6F36F4 Id. #t *-+ #nd ).653654 Id.

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    (= /er in open o%rt, #re #&re#d= s%77iient e1idene to pro1e 'o1ern$ent

    in1o&1e$ent.6)36)4

    Proeedin' 7ro$ s%/ #ss%$ption, petitioner in1oes t/e dotrine o7

    o$$#nd responsi(i&it= to i$p&i#te t/e /i'/-r#nin' i1i&i#n #nd $i&it#r=

    #%t/orities s/e i$p&e#ded #s respondents in /er amparo petition.6G36G4 T/%s,

    petitioner sees 7ro$ t/is Co%rt # prono%ne$ent /o&din' t/e respondents #s

    o$p&iit in /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re, #s 2e&& #s &i#(&e 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er

    (e&on'in's.663664

    Command Responsibility in Amparo "ro&eedings

    It $%st (e st#ted #t t/e o%tset t/#t t/e %se (= t/e petitioner o7 t/e do&trine of

    &ommand responsibility#s t/e

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    T/e e1o&%tion o7 t/e o$$#nd responsi(i&it= dotrine 7inds its ontet in t/e

    de1e&op$ent o7 s o7 2#r #nd #r$ed o$(#ts. Aordin' to 0r. ern#s,

    o$$#nd responsi(i&it=, in its si$p&est ter$s, $e#ns t/e responsi(i&it= o7o$$#nders 7or ri$es o$$itted (= s%(ordin#te $e$(ers o7 t/e #r$ed 7ores

    or ot/er persons s%(#s opposed to ri$es /eordered?. >E$p/#sis in t/e or'in#&, %ndersorin' s%pp&ied?

    Sine t/e #pp&i#tion o7 o$$#nd responsi(i&it= pres%pposes #n i$p%t#tion

    o7 indi1id%#& &i#(i&it=, it is $ore #pt&= in1oed in # 7%&&-(&o2n ri$in#& or

    #d$inistr#ti1e #se r#t/er t/#n in # s%$$#r= amparo proeedin'. T/e o(1io%s

    re#son &ies in t/e n#t%re o7 t/e 2rit itse&7:

    T/e 2rit o7 amparois # proteti1e re$ed= #i$ed #t pro1idin' 1isited * Septe$(er *++?.+ 3+4 E%'eni# Le1ine, Co$$#nd Responsi(i&it=, T/e Mens Re# Re%ire$ent, 'lobal "oli&y 1orum,

    0e(r%#r= *++F >222.'&o(#&po&i=.or'.?. As st#ted in (uroda v. Jalandoni, G9 P/i&. ) >66?, t/e

    P/i&ippines is not # si'n#tor= to t/e H#'%e Con1entions.+F 3+F4 I#1or R#n'e&o1 #nd Jo1#n Nii, Co$$#nd Responsi(i&it=: T/e Conte$por#r= L#2,

    /ttp:BB222./&-rd.or'B%p&o#dsBeditorBCo$$#nd*+Responsi(i&it=.pd7 >1isited * A%'%st *++6?+53+54 Ra2on% Jr. v. /agitis, 8.R. No. G*6G, 9 Dee$(er *++6, 5+5 SCRA F6G, 5+*.

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    *3*4&'4) 0&:.+)3+)4 T/e r#tion#&e %nderpinnin' t/is pe%&i#r n#t%re o7 #n

    amparo 2rit /#s (een, in t%rn, &e#r&= set 7ort/ in t/e nd$#r #se o7 The

    Secretary of National Defense v. Manalo:+G3+G4

    T/e re$ed= pro1ides r#pid )2)'9 72 35'+ 2&*'&30 +34, 2 0)&3)0)45 2 +&(&9* 2>)2)'9

    727'+2&'1 )+'1, 2 &+()')*42&4) 2*7'*)3)0)45 2>)2)'9

    *3*4&'4)&0 )+'1 46&4 :)00 2>)2 00 &'+ ;6&*4) 721+)'9* .+63+64

    >E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?

    It $%st (e ri7ied, /o2e1er, t/#t t/e in#pp&i#(i&it= o7 t/e dotrine o7

    o$$#nd responsi(i&it= in #n amparo proeedin' does not, (= #n= $e#s%re,

    pre&%de i$p&e#din' $i&it#r= or po&ie o$$#nders on t/e 'ro%nd t/#t t/e

    o$pined #ts in t/e petition 2ere o$$itted 2it/ t/eir diret or indiret

    #%iesene. In 2/i/ #se, o$$#nders $#= (e i$p&e#ded;not #t%#&&= on t/e

    (#sis o7 o$$#nd responsi(i&it=;(%t r#t/er on t/e 'ro%nd o7 t/eir 2*7'*)3)0)45,

    or #t &e#st&11'4&3)0)45

    . InRaon v. Ta!itis

    ,+3+4 t/e distint, (%t interreted

    onepts o7 responsi(i&it= #nd #o%nt#(i&it= 2ere 'i1en spei#& #nd %ni%e

    si'ni7i#tions in retion to #n amparoproeedin', to 2it:

    R*7'*)3)0)45 re7ers to t/e etent t/e #tors /#1e (een est#(&is/ed (=

    s%(st#nti#& e1idene to /#1e p#rtiip#ted in 2/#te1er 2#=, (= #tion or o$ission,in #n en7ored dis#ppe#r#ne, #s # $e#s%re o7 t/e re$edies t/is Co%rt s/#&& r#7t,

    #$on' t/e$, t/e direti1e to 7i&e t/e #ppropri#te ri$in#& #nd i1i& #ses #'#inst

    t/e responsi(&e p#rties in t/e proper o%rts. A11'4&3)0)45, on t/e ot/er /#nd,

    re7ers to t/e $e#s%re o7 re$edies t/#t s/o%&d (e #ddressed to t/ose 2/o e/i(itedin1o&1e$ent in t/e en7ored dis#ppe#r#ne 2it/o%t (rin'in' t/e &e1e& o7 t/eir

    +) 3+)4 Sep#r#te Opinion o7 Assoi#te J%stie Art%ro D. rion inRubri&o v. Arroyo, s%pr# note +.+G3+G4 8.R. No. G+6+5, ) Oto(er *++G, F5G SCRA , *.+6 3+64 De&i(er#tions o7 t/e Co$$ittee on t/e Re1ision o7 t/e R%&es o7 Co%rt, + A%'%st *++), * A%'%st

    *++), 9 A%'%st *++) #nd *+ Septe$(er *++G.+3+4 S%pr# note +5 #t 5*+-5*.

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    o$p&iit= to t/e &e1e& o7 responsi(i&it= de7ined #(o1e or 2/o #re i$p%ted 2it/

    no2&ed'e retin' to t/e en7ored dis#ppe#r#ne #nd 2/o #rr= t/e (%rden o7

    dis&os%re or t/ose 2/o #rr=, (%t /#1e 7#i&ed to dis/#r'e, t/e (%rden o7etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene in t/e in1esti'#tion o7 t/e en7ored dis#ppe#r#ne.

    Responsibility of "ubli& Respondents

    At #n= r#te, it is &e#r 7ro$ t/e reords o7 t/e #se t/#t t/e intent o7 t/e

    petitioner in i$p&e#din' t/e p%(&i respondents is to #sri(e so$e 7or$ o7

    2*7'*)3)0)45on t/eir p#rt, (#sed on /er #ss%$ption t/#t t/e=, in one 2#= or t/e

    ot/er, /#d ondoned /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re.34

    To est#(&is/ s%/ #ss%$ption, petitioner #tte$pted to s/o2 t/#t it 2#s

    'o1ern$ent #'ents 2/o 2ere (e/ind /er orde#&. T/%s, t/e petitioner #&&s #ttention

    to t/e ir%$st#nes s%rro%ndin' /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re;i.e.% t/e 7ori(&e

    t#in' in (ro#d d#=&i'/t %se o7 1e/i&es 2it/ no &iense ptes %ti&i#tion o7

    (&ind7o&ds ond%tin' interro'#tions to e&iit o$$%nist in&in#tions #nd t/e

    in7&ition o7 p/=si#& #(%se;2/i/, #ordin' to /er, is onsistent 2it/ t/e 2#=

    en7ored dis#ppe#r#nes #re (ein' pr#tied (= t/e $i&it#r= or ot/er st#te 7ores. *

    3*4

    Moreo1er, petitioner #&so i$s t/#t s/e 2#s /e&d inside t/e $i&it#r= #$p

    0ort M#'s#=s#=;# on&%sion t/#t s/e 2#s #(&e to in7er 7ro$ t/e tr#1e& ti$e

    re%ired to re#/ t/e pe 2/ere s/e 2#s #t%#&&= det#ined, #nd #&so 7ro$ t/e

    so%nds o7 onstr%tion, '%n-7ire #nd #irpnes s/e /e#rd 2/i&e t/ere#t.9394

    34 Rollo, pp. *5-*).*3*4 Id. #t F.9394 CA rollo, p. F.

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    e #re not i$pressed. T/e tot#&it= o7 t/e e1idene presented (= t/e

    petitioner does not inspire re#son#(&e on&%sion t/#t /er #(d%tors 2ere $i&it#r=

    or po&ie personne& #nd t/#t s/e 2#s det#ined #t 0ort M#'s#=s#=.

    1irst. T/e si$irit= (et2een t/e ir%$st#nes #ttendin' # p#rti%r #se

    o7 #(d%tion 2it/ t/ose s%rro%ndin' pre1io%s inst#nes o7 en7ored dis#ppe#r#nes

    does not, neess#ri&=, #rr= s%77iient 2ei'/t to pro1e t/#t t/e 'o1ern$ent

    or/estr#ted s%/ #(d%tion. e opine t/#t inso7#r #s t/e present #se is

    onerned, t/e perei1ed si$irit= #nnot st#nd #s s%(st#nti#& e1idene o7 t/e

    in1o&1e$ent o7 t/e 'o1ern$ent.

    In amparo proeedin's, t/e 2ei'/t t/#t $#= (e #orded to p#r#&&e&

    ir%$st#nes #s e1idene o7 $i&it#r= in1o&1e$ent depends r'e&= on t/e

    #1#i(i&it= or non-#1#i(i&it= o7 ot/er piees o7 e1idene t/#t /#s t/e potenti#& o7

    diret&= pro1in' t/e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e perpetr#tors. Diret e1idene o7

    identit=, 2/en o(t#in#(&e, $%st (e pre7erred o1er $ere ir%$st#nti#& e1idene

    (#sed on p#tterns #nd si$irit=, (e#%se t/e 7or$er ind%(it#(&= o77ers 're#ter

    ert#int= #s to t/e tr%e identit= #nd #77i&i#tion o7 t/e perpetr#tors. An amparoo%rt

    #nnot si$p&= &e#1e to re$ote #nd /#= in7erene 2/#t it o%&d ot/er2ise &e#r&=

    #nd diret&= #sert#in.

    In t/e #se #t (en/, petitioner 2#s, in 7#t, #(&e to in&%de in /er #ffer of

    03hibits,34 t/e #rto'r#p/i set/esF3F4 o7 se1er#& o7 /er #(d%tors 2/ose

    7#es s/e $#n#'ed to see. To t/e $ind o7 t/is Co%rt, t/ese #rto'r#p/i set/es

    /#1e t/e %ndeni#(&e potenti#& o7 'i1in' t/e 're#test ert#int= #s to t/e tr%e identit=

    34 Id. #t G)-69.F3F4 Id. $eeE/i(it 8,@ #nd its s%(-$#rin's.

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    #nd #77i&i#tion o7 petitioner@s #(d%tors. Un7ort%n#te&= 7or t/e petitioner, t/is

    potenti#& /#s not (een re#&ied in 1ie2 o7 t/e 7#t t/#t t/e 7#es desri(ed in s%/

    set/es re$#in %nidenti7ied, $%/ &ess /#1e (een s/o2n to (e t/#t o7 #n= $i&it#r=

    or po&ie personne&. &%nt&= st#ted, t/e #(d%tors 2ere not pro1en to (e p#rt o7

    eit/er t/e $i&it#r= or t/e po&ie /#in o7 o$$#nd.

    $e&ond. T/e i$ o7 t/e petitioner t/#t s/e 2#s t#en to 0ort M#'s#=s#=

    2#s not #de%#te&= est#(&is/ed (= /er $ere esti$#te o7 t/e ti$e it too to re#/ t/e

    pe 2/ere s/e 2#s det#ined #nd (= t/e so%nds t/#t s/e /e#rd 2/i&e t/ere#t. Lie

    t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, e #re not in&ined to t#e t/e esti$#te #nd o(ser1#tions o7

    t/e petitioner #s #%r#te on its 7#e;not on&= (e#%se t/e= 2ere $#de $ost&=

    2/i&e s/e 2#s in (&ind7o&ds, (%t #&so in 1ie2 o7 t/e 7#t t/#t s/e 2#s # $ere

    so

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    +42()' :6462 46 &3+14)' &'+ 4242 46 74)4)'2 :&* )' &14

    1(()44+ :)46 46 &1>)*1'1 46 730)1 2*7'+'4*. On #o%nt o7 t/is

    ins%77iien= in e1idene, # prono%ne$ent o7 responsi(i&it= on t/e p#rt o7 t/e

    p%(&i respondents, t/ere7ore, #nnot (e $#de.

    "rayer for the Return of "ersonal Belongings

    T/is (rin's Us to t/e pr#=er o7 t/e petitioner 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er person#&

    (e&on'in's.

    In its deision, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s denied t/e #(o1e pr#=er o7 t/e

    petitioner (= re#son o7 t/e 7#i&%re o7 t/e tter to pro1e t/#t t/e p%(&i respondents

    2ere in1o&1ed in /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re.)3)4 e #'ree 2it/ t/e on&%sion o7

    t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, (%t not entire&= 2it/ t/e re#son %sed to s%pport it. To t/e

    $ind o7 t/is Co%rt, t/e pr#=er o7 t/e petitioner 7or t/e ret%rn o7 /er (e&on'in's is

    doo$ed to 7#i& re'#rd&ess o7 2/et/er t/ere is s%77iient e1idene to /o&d p%(&i

    respondents responsi(&e 7or t/e #(d%tion o7 t/e petitioner.

    In t/e 7irst pe, #n order diretin' t/e p%(&i respondents to ret%rn t/e

    person#& (e&on'in's o7 t/e petitioner is #&re#d= e%i1#&ent to # on&%si1e

    prono%ne$ent o7 &i#(i&it=. T/e order itse&7 is # s%(st#nti#& re&ie7 t/#t #n on&= (e

    'r#nted one t/e &i#(i&it= o7 t/e p%(&i respondents /#s (een 7ied in # 7%&& #nd

    e/#%sti1e proeedin'. As #&re#d= dis%ssed #(o1e, $#tters o7 &i#(i&it= #re not

    deter$in#(&e in # $ere s%$$#r= amparoproeedin'.G3G4

    )3)4 Id. #t G.G3G4 Ra2on% Jr. v. /agitis% s%pr# note +5 #t 5GG-5G6.

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    %t per/#ps t/e $ore 7%nd#$ent#& re#son in den=in' t/e pr#=er o7 t/e

    petitioner, &ies 2it/ t/e 7#t t/#t # person@s ri'/t to (e restit%ted o7 /is propert= is

    #&re#d= s%(s%$ed %nder t/e 'ener#& r%(ri o7 propert= ri'/ts;2/i/ #re no &on'er

    proteted (= t/e 4rit of amparo.6364 Setion o7 t/eAmparoR%&e,*+3*+42/i/

    de7ines t/e sope #nd etent o7 t/e 2rit, &e#r&= e&%des t/e protetion o7 propert=

    ri'/ts.

    B.

    T/e net error r#ised (= t/e petitioner is t/e deni#& (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s

    o7 /er pr#=er 7or #n inspetion o7 t/e detention #re#s o7 0ort M#'s#=s#=.*3*4

    Considerin' t/e de#rt/ o7 e1idene onrete&= pointin' to #n= $i&it#r=

    in1o&1e$ent in petitioner@s orde#&, t/is Co%rt 7inds no error on t/e p#rt o7 t/e Co%rt

    o7 Appe#&s in den=in' #n inspetion o7 t/e $i&it#r= #$p #t 0ort M#'s#=s#=. e

    #'ree 2it/ t/e #ppe&te o%rt t/#t # ontr#r= st#ne 2o%&d (e e%i1#&ent to

    s#ntionin' # 7is/in' epedition,K 2/i/ 2#s ne1er intended (= t/e AmparoR%&e

    in pro1idin' 7or t/e interi$ re&ie7 o7 inspetion order.**3**4 Contr#r= to t/e ep&iit

    position*93*94 espo%sed (= t/e petitioner, t/e Amparo R%&e does not #&&o2 #

    7is/in' epeditionK 7or e1idene.

    6364 /apu2 v. Del Rosario, 8.R. No. G*G, ) J%ne *++G, FF SCRA )5G, )G-)GF.

    *+3*+4 Setion o7 t/eAmparoR%&e st#tes:

    Setion ."etition. - T/e petition 7or # 2rit o7Amparois # re$ed= #1#i(&e to #n= person :6*

    2)964 4 0), 0)3245 &'+ *12)45is 1ioted or t/re#tened 2it/ 1iotion (= #n %n%& #t or o$ission o7

    # p%(&i o77ii#& or e$p&o=ee, or o7 # pri1#te indi1id%#& or entit=.

    T/e 2rit s/#&& o1er ;42&-09&0 E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.*3*4 Rollo%pp. *)-9.**3**4 Id. #t )5.*93*94 Id. #t *G.

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    An inspetion order is #n interi$ re&ie7 desi'ned to 'i1e s%pport or

    stren't/en t/e i$ o7 # petitioner in #n amparopetition, in order to #id t/e o%rt

    (e7ore $#in' # deision.*3*4 A (#si re%ire$ent (e7ore #n amparoo%rt $#=

    'r#nt #n inspetion order is t/#t t/e pe to (e inspeted is re#son#(&=

    deter$in#(&e 7ro$ t/e #&&e'#tions o7 t/e p#rt= seein' t/e order. /i&e t/e

    AmparoR%&e does not re%ire t/#t t/e pe to (e inspeted (e identi7ied 2it/

    rit= #nd preision, it is, ne1ert/e&ess, # $ini$%$ 7or t/e iss%#ne o7 #n

    inspetion order t/#t t/e s%pportin' #&&e'#tions o7 # p#rt= (e s%77iient in itse&7, so

    #s to $#e #prima fa&ie#se. T/is, #s 2#s s/o2n #(o1e, petitioner 7#i&ed to do.

    Sine t/e 1er= esti$#tes #nd o(ser1#tions o7 t/e petitioner #re not stron'

    eno%'/ to $#e o%t #prima fa&ie#se t/#t s/e 2#s det#ined in 0ort M#'s#=s#=, #n

    inspetion o7 t/e $i&it#r= #$p #nnot (e ordered. An inspetion order #nnot

    iss%e on t/e (#sis o7 #&&e'#tions t/#t #re, in t/e$se&1es, %nre&i#(&e #nd do%(t7%&.

    HABEAS DATA

    As e#r&ier inti$#ted, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 'r#nted to t/e petitioner t/e

    pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data, (= en

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    0or t/e proper #pprei#tion o7 t/e r#tion#&e %sed (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in

    'r#ntin' t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e 2rit o7 habeas data, e %ote /ere%nder t/e re&e1#nt

    portion*F3*F4o7 its deision:

    Under t/ese pre$ises, Petitioner pr#=ed t/#t #&& t/e reords, inte&&i'ene

    reports #nd reports on t/e in1esti'#tions ond%ted on Me&iss# C. Ro#s orMe&iss# Ro#s (e prod%ed #nd e1ent%#&&= ep%n'ed 7ro$ t/e reords. Petitioner

    i$ed to (e in&%ded in t/e 8o1ern$ent@s Order o7 #tt&e %nder Opn #nt#=

    L#=# 2/i/ &isted po&iti#& opponents #'#inst 2/o$ 7#&se ri$in#& /#r'es 2ere

    7i&ed (#sed on $#de %p #nd perE$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.

    T/e 2rit o7 habeas data2#s onept%#&ied #s #

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    indi1id%#&s.*53*54 T/e 2rit oper#tes to protet # person@s ri'/t to ontro&

    in7or$#tion re'#rdin' /i$se&7, p#rti%r&= in t/e inst#nes 2/ere s%/ in7or$#tion

    is (ein' o&&eted t/ro%'/ %n%& $e#ns in order to #/ie1e %n%& ends.

    Need&ess to st#te, #n indispens#(&e re%ire$ent (e7ore t/e pri1i&e'e o7 t/e

    2rit $#= (e etended is t/e s/o2in', #t &e#st (= s%(st#nti#& e1idene, o7 #n #t%#&

    or t/re#tened 1iotion o7 t/e ri'/t to pri1#= in &i7e, &i(ert= or se%rit= o7 t/e

    1iti$.*)3*)4 T/is, in t/e #se #t (en/, t/e petitioner 7#i&ed to do.

    T/e $#in pro(&e$ (e/ind t/e r%&in' o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s is t/#t t/ere is

    #t%#&&= no e1idene on reord t/#t s/o2s t/#t #n= o7 t/e p%(&i respondents /#d

    1ioted or t/re#tened t/e ri'/t to pri1#= o7 t/e petitioner. T/e #t #sri(ed (= t/e

    Co%rt o7 Appe#&s to t/e p%(&i respondents t/#t 2o%&d /#1e 1ioted or t/re#tened

    t/e ri'/t to pri1#= o7 t/e petitioner, i.e.%eepin' reords o7 in1esti'#tions #nd

    ot/er reports #(o%t t/e petitioner@s ties 2it/ t/e CPP-NPA, 2#s not #de%#te&=

    pro1en;onsiderin' t/#t t/e ori'in o7 s%/ reords 2ere 1irt%#&&= %nepined #nd

    its eistene, &e#r&=, on&= in7erred (= t/e #ppe&te o%rt 7ro$ t/e 1ideo #nd

    p/oto'r#p/ re&e#sed (= Represent#ti1es P#&p#r#n #nd A&o1er in t/eir press

    on7erene. No e1idene on reord e1en s/o2s t/#t #n= o7 t/e p%(&i respondents

    /#d #ess to s%/ 1ideo or p/oto'r#p/.

    *5 3*54 Annot#tion to t/e R%&e on t/e rit o7 H#(e#s D#t#, A.M. No. +G--5-SC, e77eti1e * 0e(r%#r=

    *++G >p#$p/&et re&e#sed (= t/e S%pre$e Co%rt?, p. *9.*)3*)4 Setion o7 t/eHabeas DataR%&e st#tes:

    SECTION .Habeas Data.- T/e 2rit o7 habeas datais # re$ed= #1#i(&e to #n= person 2/ose2)964 4 72)&15 )' 0), 0)3245 2 *12)45 )* )0&4+ 2 462&4'+(= #n %n%& #t or o$ission o7 #

    p%(&i o77ii#& or e$p&o=ee, or o7 # pri1#te indi1id%#& or entit= en'#'ed in t/e '#t/erin', o&&etin' or

    storin' o7 d#t# or in7or$#tion re'#rdin' t/e person, 7#$i&=, /o$e #nd orrespondene o7 t/e #''rie1ed

    p#rt=. >E$p/#sis s%pp&ied?.

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    In 1ie2 o7 t/e #(o1e onsider#tions, t/e direti1e (= t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s

    en

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    #ppropri#te &e'#& $e#s%res 7or t/e protetion o7 /%$#n ri'/ts,K*G3*G4 $%st (e

    t#pped in order to 7i&& ert#in in1esti'#ti1e #nd re$edi#& 1oids.

    1urther !nvestigation Must Be 5ndertaken

    Ironi #s it see$s, (%t p#rt #nd p#re& o7 t/e re#son 2/= t/e petitioner 2#s

    not #(&e to #dd%e s%(st#nti#& e1idene pro1in' /er #&&e'#tions o7 'o1ern$ent

    o$p&iit= in /er #(d%tion #nd tort%re, $#= (e #ttri(%ted to t/e ino$p&ete #nd

    one-sided in1esti'#tions ond%ted (= t/e 'o1ern$ent itse&7. T/is a4k4ardK

    sit%#tion, 2/erein t/e 1er= persons #&&e'ed to (e in1o&1ed in #n en7ored

    dis#ppe#r#ne or etr#&e'#& i&&in' #re, #t t/e s#$e ti$e, t/e 1er= ones t#sed (=

    to in1esti'#te t/e $#tter, is # %ni%e /#r#teristi o7 t/ese proeedin's #nd is

    t/e $#in so%re o7 t/e evidentiary diffi&ultiesK 7#ed (= #n= petitioner in #n=

    amparo#se.*63*64

    Co'ni#nt o7 t/is sit%#tion, /o2e1er, t/e Amparo R%&e ped # potent

    s#7e'%#rd;re%irin' t/e respondent 2/o is # p%(&i o77ii#& or e$p&o=eeK to

    pro1e t/#t no &ess t/#n etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene #s re%ired (= #pp&i#(&e s,

    r%&es #nd re'%tions 2#s o(ser1ed in t/e per7or$#ne o7 d%t=.K9+39+4 T/%s, %n&ess

    *G3*G4 CONSTITUTION, Arti&e VIII, Setion G.*6 3*64 InRa2on% Jr. v. /agitis, s%pr# note +5 #t 5G, t/is Co%rt, t/r% Assoi#te J%stie Art%ro D. rion,

    reo'nied t/e t/ree >9? t=pes o7 e1identi#r= di77i%&ties 7#ed (= # petitioner in #n amparo petition. In

    epinin' t/e ori'ins o7 s%/ di77i%&ties, J%stie rion epined:

    T/ese di77i%&ties r'e&= #rise (e#%se t/e St#te itse&7 Q t/e p#rt= 2/ose in1o&1e$ent is #&&e'ed Q

    in1esti'#tes en7ored dis#ppe#r#nes. .K1+[1+] ecton 17 of theAmparoule states:

    /C. 17. Burden of Proof and Standard of Diligence Required.0 ( ( (.

    ( ( ( (.

    The respondent who is a public official or employee must prove that extraordinary

    diligence as required by applicable laws, rules and regulations was observed in the

    performance of duty. /"phass suppled.2

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    #nd %nti& #n= o7 t/e p%(&i respondents is #(&e to s/o2 to t/e s#tis7#tion o7 t/e

    amparo o%rt t/#t etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene /#s (een o(ser1ed in t/eir

    in1esti'#tions, t/e= #nnot s/ed t/e #&&e'#tions o7 responsi(i&it= despite t/e

    pre1#i&in' s#rit= o7 e1idene to t/#t e77et.

    it/ t/is in $ind, e note t/#t etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene, #s re%ired (= t/e

    AmparoR%&e, 2#s not 7%&&= o(ser1ed in t/e ond%t o7 t/e po&ie #nd $i&it#r=

    in1esti'#tions in t/e #se #t (#r.

    A per%s#& o7 t/e in1esti'#tion reports s%($itted (= T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN

    s/o2s $odest e77ort on t/e p#rt o7 t/e po&ie in1esti'#tors to identi7= t/e

    perpetr#tors o7 t/e #(d%tion. To (e s%re, s#id reports #re rep&ete 2it/ (#'ro%nd

    /es on t/e 1iti$s o7 t/e #(d%tion, (%t #re, #t t/e s#$e ti$e, o$p#r#ti1e&=

    si&ent #s to ot/er onrete steps t/e in1esti'#tors /#1e (een t#in' to #sert#in t/e

    #%t/ors o7 t/e ri$e. A&t/o%'/ ond%tin' # (#'ro%nd in1esti'#tion on t/e

    1iti$s is # &o'i#& 7irst step in eposin' t/e $oti1e (e/ind t/e #(d%tion;its

    neessit= is &e#r&= o%t2ei'/ed (= t/e need to identi7= t/e perpetr#tors, espei#&&=

    in &i'/t o7 t/e 7#t t/#t t/e petitioner, 2/o 2#s no &on'er in #pti1it=, #&re#d= #$e

    %p 2it/ #&&e'#tions #(o%t t/e $oti1e o7 /er #ptors.

    Inste#d, T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN ped t/e 7#te o7 t/eir in1esti'#tions so&e&=

    on t/e ooper#tion or non-ooper#tion o7 t/e petitioner;2/o, t/e= i$, 2#s &ess

    t/#n ent/%si#sti in p#rtiip#tin' in t/eir in1esti'#ti1e e77orts.9394 /i&e it $#=

    (e oneded t/#t t/e p#rtiip#tion o7 t/e petitioner 2o%&d /#1e 7#i&it#ted t/e

    pro'ress o7 T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN@s in1esti'#tion, t/is Co%rt (e&ie1es t/#t t/e

    7or$er@s retiene to ooper#te is /#rd&= #n e%se 7or T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN not

    9394 CA rollo, p. GF.

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    to ep&ore ot/er $e#ns or #1en%es 7ro$ 2/i/ t/e= o%&d o(t#in re&e1#nt &e#ds. 9*

    39*4 Indeed, 2/i&e t/e #&&e'#tions o7 'o1ern$ent o$p&iit= (= t/e petitioner

    #nnot, (= t/e$se&1es, /o&d %p #s #de%#te e1idene (e7ore # o%rt o7 t/e=

    #re, nonet/e&ess, # 1it#& so%re o7 1#&%#(&e in1esti'#ti1e &e#ds t/#t $%st (e p%rs%ed

    #nd 1eri7ied, i7 on&= to o$p&= 2it/ t/e /i'/ st#nd#rd o7 di&i'ene re%ired (= t/e

    AmparoR%&e in t/e ond%t o7 in1esti'#tions.

    Ass%$in' t/e non-ooper#tion o7 t/e petitioner, T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN@s

    reports sti&& 7#i&ed to epin 2/= it ne1er onsidered seein' t/e #ssist#ne o7 Mr.

    Jes%s P#o&o;2/o, #&on' 2it/ t/e 1iti$s, is # entr#& 2itness to t/e #(d%tion.

    T/e reports o7 T#s 8ro%p CAROJAN is si&ent in #n= #tte$pt to o(t#in 7ro$ Mr.

    P#o&o, # #rto'r#p/i set/ o7 t/e #(d%tors or, #t t/e 1er= &e#st, o7 t/e one 2/o,

    (= petitioner@s #o%nt, 2#s not 2e#rin' #n= $#s.

    T/e reo&&etion o7 Mr. P#o&o o%&d /#1e ser1ed #s # o$p#r#ti1e $#teri#& to

    t/e set/es in&%ded in petitioner@s o77er o7 e/i(its t/#t, it $#= (e pointed o%t,

    2ere prep#red %nder t/e diretion o7, #nd 7irst s%($itted to, t/e CHR p%rs%#nt to

    t/e tter@s independent in1esti'#tion on t/e #(d%tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e

    petitioner.993994 %t #s $entioned e#r&ier, t/e CHR set/es re$#in to (e

    %nidenti7ied #s o7 t/is d#te.

    9* 39*4 Ped in # si$ir sit%#tion, t/e #se o7Rubri&o v. Arroyo, s%pr# note +, instr%ts:

    T6 *()'9 2014&'1 ' 46 7&24 46 R32)1* 2 46)2 :)4'*** 4 172&4 964 '4

    4 7* & 6)'+2&'1 4 46 70)1 )' 72*)'9, ' )4* :' )')4)&4), 46 )'*4)9&4)' )' >*4)' 4 )4*

    '&42&0 '+. To repe#t 2/#t t/e Co%rt s#id inManalo, t/e ri'/t to se%rit= o7 persons is # '%#r#ntee o7 t/e

    protetion o7 one@s ri'/t (= t/e 'o1ern$ent. And t/is protetion in&%des ond%tin' e77eti1e

    in1esti'#tions o7 etr#-&e'#& i&&in's, en7ored dis#ppe#r#nes, or t/re#ts o7 t/e s#$e ind. >E$p/#siss%pp&ied?.

    993994 TSN, 9+ J%&= *++6, pp. )-)9.

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    In &i'/t o7 t/ese onsider#tions, e #'ree 2it/ t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s t/#t

    7%rt/er in1esti'#tion %nder t/e nor$ o7 etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene s/o%&d (e

    %ndert#en. T/is Co%rt si$p&= #nnot 2ritefinisto t/is #se, on t/e (#sis o7 #n

    ino$p&ete in1esti'#tion ond%ted (= t/e po&ie #nd t/e $i&it#r=. In # 1er= re#&

    sense, t/e ri'/t to se%rit= o7 t/e petitioner is ontin%o%s&= p%t in

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    Aordin'&=, t/e CHR s/#&&, %nder t/e nor$ o7 etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene, t#e

    or ontin%e to t#e t/e neess#r= steps: >#? to identi7= t/e persons desri(ed

    in t/e #rto'r#p/i set/es s%($itted (= t/e petitioner, #s 2e&& #s t/eir

    2/ere#(o%ts #nd >(? to p%rs%e #n= ot/er &e#ds re&e1#nt to petitioner@s

    #(d%tion #nd tort%re.

    *.? Diretin' t/e in%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&ie >PNP?, or

    /is s%essor, #nd t/e in%$(ent C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e A0P, or /is s%essor,

    to etend #ssist#ne to t/e on'oin' in1esti'#tion o7 t/e CHR, in&%din' (%t

    not &i$ited to 7%rnis/in' t/e tter # op= o7 its personne& reords &ir&at/e

    ti$e o7 t/e petitioner@s #(d%tion #nd tort%re, s%(6+? d#=s 7ro$ reeipt o7 t/is deision.

    .? 0%rt/er diretin' t/e CHR to >#? 7%rnis/ to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2it/in

    ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$ reeipt o7 t/is deision, # op= o7 t/e reports on its

    in1esti'#tion #nd its orrespondin' reo$$end#tions #nd to >(? pro1ide or

    ontin%e to pro1ide protetion to t/e petitioner d%rin' /er st#= or 1isit to t/e

    P/i&ippines, %nti& s%/ ti$e #s $#= /erein#7ter (e deter$ined (= t/is Co%rt.

    Aordin'&=, t/is #se $%st (e re7erred (# to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s, 7or t/e

    p%rposes o7 $onitorin' o$p&i#ne 2it/ t/e #(o1e direti1es #nd deter$inin'

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    2/et/er, in &i'/t o7 #n= reent reports or reo$$end#tions, t/ere 2o%&d #&re#d= (e

    s%77iient e1idene to /o&d #n= o7 t/e p%(&i respondents responsi(&e or, #t &e#st,

    #o%nt#(&e. A7ter $#in' s%/ deter$in#tion, t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s s/#&& s%($it

    its o2n report 2it/ reo$$end#tion to t/is Co%rt 7or 7in#& #tion. T/e Co%rt o7

    Appe#&s 2i&& ontin%e to /#1e

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    Ri'/ts s/#&&, %nder t/e nor$ o7 etr#ordin#r= di&i'ene, t#e or

    ontin%e to t#e t/e neess#r= steps: >#? to identi7= t/e persons

    desri(ed in t/e #rto'r#p/i set/es s%($itted (= t/e petitioner, #s

    2e&& #s t/eir 2/ere#(o%ts #nd >(? to p%rs%e #n= ot/er &e#ds re&e1#nt

    to petitioner@s #(d%tion #nd tort%re.

    (. DIRECTINGt/e in%$(ent C/ie7 o7 t/e P/i&ippine N#tion#& Po&ie,

    or /is s%essor, #nd t/e in%$(ent C/ie7 o7 St#77 o7 t/e Ar$ed

    0ores o7 t/e P/i&ippines, or /is s%essor, to etend #ssist#ne to t/e

    on'oin' in1esti'#tion o7 t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts, in&%din'

    (%t not &i$ited to 7%rnis/in' t/e tter # op= o7 its personne& reords

    &ir&a t/e ti$e o7 t/e petitioner@s #(d%tion #nd tort%re, s%(#? to

    7%rnis/ to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 2it/in ninet= >6+? d#=s 7ro$ reeipt o7

    t/is deision, # op= o7 t/e reports on its in1esti'#tion #nd its

    orrespondin' reo$$end#tions #nd >(? to pro1ide or ontin%e to

    pro1ide protetion to t/e petitioner d%rin' /er st#= or 1isit to t/e

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    P/i&ippines, %nti& s%/ ti$e #s $#= /erein#7ter (e deter$ined (= t/is

    Co%rt.

    F.? REFERRING BAC t/e inst#nt #se to t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s 7or t/e

    7o&&o2in' p%rposes:

    #. To MONITORt/e in1esti'#tions #nd #tions t#en (= t/e PNP, A0P,

    #nd t/e CHR

    (. To DETERMINE 2/et/er, in &i'/t o7 t/e reports #nd

    reo$$end#tions o7 t/e CHR, t/e #(d%tion #nd tort%re o7 t/e

    petitioner 2#s o$$itted (= persons #tin' %nder #n= o7 t/e p%(&i

    respondents #nd on t/e (#sis o7 t/is deter$in#tion;

    . To SUBMITto t/is Co%rt 2it/in ten >+? d#=s 7ro$ reeipt o7 t/e

    report #nd reo$$end#tion o7 t/e Co$$ission on H%$#n Ri'/ts;its

    o2n report, 2/i/ s/#&& in&%de # reo$$end#tion eit/er 7or t/e

    DISMISSALo7 t/e petition #s #'#inst t/e p%(&i respondents 2/o

    2ere 7o%nd not responsi(&e #ndBor #o%nt#(&e, or 7or t/e

    APPROPRIATE REMEDIAL MEASURES, AS MAY BE

    ALLOWED BY THE AMPARO AND HABEAS DATA RULES,

    TO BE UNDERTAEN#s #'#inst t/ose 7o%nd responsi(&e #ndBor

    #o%nt#(&e.

    Aordin'&=, t/e p%(&i respondents s/#&& re$#in person#&&= i$p&e#ded in

    t/is petition to #ns2er 7or #n= responsi(i&ities #ndBor #o%nt#(i&ities t/e= $#=

    /#1e in%rred d%rin' t/eir in%$(enies.

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    Ot/er 7indin's o7 t/e Co%rt o7 Appe#&s in its Deision d#ted *5 A%'%st *++6

    in CA-8.R. SP No. +++95-RA t/#t #re not ontr#r= to t/is deision #re

    AFFIRMED.

    SO ORDERED.

    JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ

    Assoi#te J%stie

    WE CONCUR%

    RENATO C. CORONA

    C/ie7 J%stie

    ANTONIO T. CARPIO CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

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    PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR. ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

    >On O77ii#& Le#1e?

    TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DECASTRO ARTURO D. BRION

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

    DIOSDADO M. PERALTA LUCAS P. BERSAMIN

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

    MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO ROBERTO A. ABAD

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

    MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR. JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA

    Assoi#te J%stie Assoi#te J%stie

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    MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO

    Assoi#te J%stie

    C E R T I F I C A T I O N

    P%rs%#nt to Setion 9, Arti&e VIII o7 t/e Constit%tion, it is /ere(= erti7iedt/#t t/e on&%sions in t/e #(o1e Deision 2ere re#/ed in ons%&t#tion (e7ore t/e

    #se 2#s #ssi'ned to t/e 2riter o7 t/e opinion o7 t/e Co%rt.

    RENATO C. CORONA

    C/ie7 J%stie