Manhunt for Pancho Villa (Wilfred P. Deac) – 20 points

What are some possible motives for attack? How did the U.S. respond? How successful was U.S. expedition?

Include one clarifying questions you want answered.

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90 M H AT N R Y HISTORY D E C EM B E R 2002

VILLAContinued ft-am page 56

was a Cardenas family home. Once there,the officer and two others ran around thenorth side of the sprawling, courtyard-punctuated hacienda, while six menflanked the south wall. They were to meetat a large door opening onto a patio.Three armed horsemen suddenly burstthrough the doorway and opened fire.The lieutenant fired five .45-caliber pistolrounds at the lead horse and rider, break-ing the latter's arm. In the next few min-utes, the other horsemen were shavedfrom their saddles. The first Mexican wasdispatched by a civilian scout Lashing thecorpses to the cars, the Americans spedback to camp, where one of the dead wasidentified as General Cardenas. Pershingpromoted the 30-year-old staff officer,George S. Patton, Jr., to first lieutenant.

The Americans may have been winningthe battles, but they were not winning thewar—that is, achieving their original ob-jective. Allegedly, Villa's army was some-times following Pershing's, concealedbehind the dust raised by his motor ve-hicles. Mexican legend also claims thatVilla—who distrusted spies—entered theAmerican camp several times and evenconversed with Pershing, who—thoughthey had met before—did not recognizeVilla out of his usual costume.

Worsening relations between the UnitedStates and Mexico, which demanded thatPershing leave the country led to anothermajor clash on June 21 at Canizal, nearly100 miles below El Paso. Captain CharlesT. Boyd, disobeying orders, tried to forcethe 79 men of the 10th Cavalry's Troops Cand K through more than 100 Mexicansin the town. It was the worst U.S. disas-ter of the campaign. A dozen Americans,including Boyd, died, 10 were woundedand 24 were taken prisoner. The Mexi-cans lost 30 dead, including their com-manding general, and 40 wounded.

War was averted primarily because nei-ther side wanted it. Although Villa wasnot eliminated, he had to a great degreebeen defanged. Wilson, seeing the futilityof Pershing's expedition (which somecalled "the perishing expedition") andfaced with impending war with Germanydecided to call it quits in January 1917.

The punitive expedition, which lastednearly 11 months, represented the UnitedStates' last cavah-y campaign.