Course: Analysis of Pakistani IndustriesCourse Instructor: Sir Afaq Ali Khan

Mango Processing Of

Pakistan

Presented by:M. Shaharyar Saeed

“SM12”

Mangoes are a tropical fruit that have been grown in India for more than 4000 years.

Mango trees are considered sacred in India. Each mango contains one large seed.

More mangoes are eaten fresh around the world than any other fruit.

The mango tree, Mangifera Indica, are native to southeastern Asia, where they have been grown for more than 4,000 years.

Mango is an excellent source of vitamins A. B and C and contains  water, proteins, Sugar. fats, fibers and iron etc.

Mango cultivation has now spread to many parts of the tropical and sub-tropical world, where they grow best.

Mangoes were carried to Africa during the 16th century and later found their way aboard Portuguese ships to Brazil in the 1700s. Later, in 1742, mangoes were found growing in the West Indies.

In 1860, mangoes were successfully introduced to Florida along the east coast, where only a few varieties were grown. In 1889, the United States Department of Agriculture introduced a grafted variety from India called the "Mulgoa," also known as "Mulgoba" in the United States.

Pakistan is an agricultural country and production of fruits is the part and parcel of this sector. Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) is The king of fruits and one of the most important fruit crop in the world as well as in Pakistan.

There are more than 1300 varieties of the mango, which are cultivated in the Indo-Pak Sub-continent.

There are around 400 known varieties of Mangoes in Pakistan.

It comes in market early in the May and remains in market till August/September.

Pakistan is ranked 5th after big producers i.e., India, China, Thailand and Mexico.

It’s a tropical, climacteric fruit liked by all due to its taste, flavour and excellent nutritional properties.

It is a delicious fruit being grown in more than 100 countries of the world.

In Pakistan, total area under fruit cultivation is 853.4 thousand hectares with the production of 7178.8 thousand tones.

While area under mango cultivation is 171.9 thousand hectares with the production of 1,885.9 thousand tones being the second major fruit crop of Pakistan.

Today, the annual estimated world over production of mango is over 25million tones.

According to an estimate, Pakistan produces 8.5% of world’s mango and mainly exports to Middle East, Iran, Germany, Japan, China and Hong Kong making its valuable contribution as an important foreign currency earning fruit crop.

Mango export from the country during the current season of the year 2011-12 has reached to 130,000 tons as Pakistani mangoes was introduced in US and Japanese markets.

Pakistan has a lot of mango varieties, they are different in appearance, color, sugar content, acidity and harvest time, by end-use is mainly divided into two categories one for juice and other one for eat. Two main verities of mangoes exports by Pakistan including Sindhri and Chaunsa, harvest season from May to September.

Mango is mainly produced in Punjab and Sindh. Punjab contributes 67 percent whereas Sindh shares 32 percent to total production.

Harvesting begins in Sindh in late May and finishes in Punjb in late August.

Sindhri is the major variety grown in Sindh while in Punjab Chaunsa dominates.

Other major varieties grown in Punjab and Sindh are Began Pali, Langra and Anwar Retaul. Both Chaunsa and Sindhri are considered as excellent varieties for industry. Sindhri has better post harvest attributes in terms of taste and demand for export markets.

The main field of mango is obtained from District Rahim Yar Khan, Rahimabad, Jamaldin wali, Sadiqabad, Shaikh Wahan, Mianwali Qureshan Zahirpur, Bagho Bahar, Tirandah Mohammad Panah of district Rahim Yar Khan are very famous for mango production.

Whereas, Hyderabad, Tandojam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Jan Muhammad, Digri, Nawab Shah, Naushero Feroz, Khairpur Mirus, Ghotki, Bahawalpur, Shuja abad, MuzzaffarGarh, KoatAddu, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Vihari, Okara, Faisalabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh and Sargodha are also very famous for mango production.

Major export markets of Pakistani mango include Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Kingdom, Kuwait, Bahrain, France and Germany, contributing about 41, 16, 11, 10, 3, 2, 1 and 0.90 percent of total mango exports from Pakistan, respectively.

These markets collectively contribute 85 percent of total mango export from Pakistan.

So Gulf and Saudi Arabia are traditional export markets and consume major volume of Pakistan’s mango exports whereas England is the major market in Europe.

Pakistan Sindri & Chausa

India Alphonso

Mexico Tony Atkins

Mali Amelie

Kenya Carahao

Philippines Pico

West Indies Julie

South Africa Kent

SindhSindh PunjabPunjab NWFP NWFP    BalochistanBalochistan  

Sindhri Sindhri Gulabkhas Gulabkhas SwarnariceSwarnariceBaganpalliBaganpalliCollectorCollectorNeelum Neelum

ChaunsaChaunsaMalda LangraMalda Langra

Aman Aman DuseriDuseri

Anwar Ratol Anwar Ratol Samer bahisht Samer bahisht

Fajri Fajri Kalan Kalan

Lengra Lengra Samer Bahisht Samer Bahisht

  SindhriSindhriBanganpalliBanganpalli

Rank Country Production (MT)1 India 10,800,0002 China 3,673,0003 Thailand 1,800,0004 Pakistan 1,673,9005 Mexico 1,503,0106 Indonesia 1,478,2047 Philippines 950,0008 Brazil 850,0009 Nigeria 730,000

10 Egypt 380,000

Rank Country Production (MT)11 Vietnam 320,00012 Peru 268,00013 Haiti 260,00014 Bangladesh 243,00015 Cuba 230,000

16 Madagascar 210,000

17Democratic Republic

of Congo 203,27018 Tanzania 200,00019 Sudan 195,00020 Guatemala 187,000

The Hot Water Treatment Plant

The Pakistan has become world’s first country having the Mango Processing Plant established in Karachi where the mango could be processed within 65 minutes providing it 48 degrees centigrade temperature.

The plant has a capacity to process 10 tons of mangoes per hour in accordance with the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) standards. 

PRODUCTION AND EXPORT OF FRUITS

Fiscal CitrusMangoYear1990-91 1,609 7761991-92 1,630 7871992-93 1,665 7941993-94 1,849 8391994-95 1,933 8841995-96 1,960 9081996-97 2,003 9151997-98 2,037 9171998-99 1,862 9161999-00 1,943 9382000-01 1,898 9902001-02 1,830 1,0372002-03 1,702 1,0352003-04 1,760 1,0562004-05 1,944 1,6712005-06 2,458 1,7542006-07 1,472 1,7192007-08 2,294 1,7542008-09 2,132 1,7282009-10 2,150 1,8462010-11 1,982 1,8882011-12 P1,832 1,699

P : Provisional (Jul-Mar)

Production of Important Fruit (000 tonnes)AppleBananaApricot Almonds Grapes

243295339442533554569573589377439367315334352351348442441366526827

202445253808283949512513915014317514816415115815715513999

81109122153178191188189191121126125130211205197177240238194190187

32384045494949495032332624242323232726222121

33363840437274747640515352514949477576656464

GuavaExport

(000 Valuetonnes)(Mln. Rs)

355 112 935373 125 966384 121 1,179402 127 1,324420 139 1,256442 135 1,487448 219 2,776455 202 2,793468 181 2,773494 240 4,130526 260 4,575539 290 5,084532 263 4,815550 354 5,913571 281 5,408552 455 7,508555 343 6,894539 411 9,085512 469 12,519509 687 20,094547 669 25,017527 493 24,520

Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

2010-11 111.9 59.2 0.3 0.5

MANGOYear Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Pakistan

(Area '000' hectares)

1993-941994-95

2-Years'Avg:1995-961996-971997-981998-991999-00

5-Years'Avg:2000-012001-022002-032003-042004-05

5-Years'Avg:2005-062006-072007-082008-092009-10

5-Years'Avg:

45.347.846.648.048.148.248.448.448.249.550.754.054.3

100.661.8

104.9112.1112.3112.4112.3110.8

37.838.738.339.540.342.542.943.541.745.045.846.547.149.246.750.050.752.155.859.553.6

0.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.20.30.30.30.30.30.30.40.40.50.4

1.51.61.61.81.81.92.02.01.92.32.32.01.41.41.91.41.41.41.51.41.4

84.888.386.689.590.492.893.594.192.197.099.0

102.8103.1151.5110.7156.6164.5166.2170.1173.7166.2171.9

MANGO

Year Punjab Sindh KPK Balochistan Pakistan

(Production '000' tonnes)1993-941994-95

2-Years'Avg:1995-961996-971997-981998-991999-00

5-Years'Avg:2000-012001-022002-032003-042004-05

5-Years'Avg:2005-062006-072007-082008-092009-10

5-Years'Avg:2010-11

550.2581.4565.8598.8602.4586.2582.8603.8594.8634.9650.3684.2707.8

1311.9797.8

1391.81356.61373.11324.91455.71380.41503.2

274.4285.3279.9291.7293.5311.9314.6320.7306.5340.3371.5335.9338.4349.6347.1352.4353.4368.1390.5379.0368.7381.3

2.02.12.12.22.22.32.32.32.32.32.53.23.13.22.93.23.44.04.03.93.70.3

12.714.913.815.116.416.416.710.915.112.312.811.36.66.59.96.55.88.58.56.97.21.1

839.3883.7861.5907.8914.5916.8916.4937.7918.6989.8

1037.11034.61055.91671.21157.71753.91719.21753.71727.91845.51760.01885.9

Mango pulp is used for making mango drinks, milk shakes, juices and beverages and is used in the food industry and homes for various applications.

There is a growing demand of mango pulp in local and international markets. Estimated size of export market of mango pulp is over thousands of tons. India is the largest supplier of mango pulp catering to about two thirds of global demand. International market of mango pulp has been on a rise during the past years.

Pakistan is an important exporter of mangoes in the international market but it is not recognized as an important supplier of mango pulp.

Quality of the pulps made from Sindhri and Chanusa varieties are comparable to the pulp of Anfonso mango which is exported by India.

Fruit pulp is the raw material for making ready-to-drinks and juices. Local market for fruit drinks and juices has grown at very high rates during the past years.

The market size of Juice, Nectars and Still Drinks for the year 2009 was 461 million liters. Overall market growth from 2005 to 2009 was recorded at 126%. Pakistan’s JNSD market sizes from 2005 to 2009 are shown in the following figure.

India controls 70 per cent of the total international mango pulp market of 350,000 tons. In addition to the problem created by the Middle East situation, India’s reduction of prices by $200 per ton has also sidelined Pakistan.

The pulp was exported at $800 to $850 per ton last year. However, this year Pakistani exporters are facing difficulties in competing with India because of better yield and facilities provided by the Indian government to its exporters.

Dried mango is an important value added product; made by dehydrating mango slices or mango pulp.

Dried mango products are popular in the world. There are different types of products available in this category. Dried mango is made by cutting mango slices and drying those in solar and/or fuel fired dehydrators.

There is demand of this product in local market also; which is shown by its sale in large retail stores in the major cities of the country. Test marketing of dried mango products was also carried out by a small facility in Tando Allahyar Sindh; and the results were very positive.

Pakistan is a large mango producer in the world. Almost all types of value added products of mango are made in Pakistan; including pulp, juice, drink, chutney, pickle, murabbas, etc. However, dried mango products are not made in Pakistan.

There is only one research scale facility in Sindh which is engaged in making this product. The facility is situated in Nawazabad Farm in Tando Allahyar, Sindh.

Mango Pickle Mango Murabba

Mango Chips

Aam Papri

Mango Juice Mango Nector Mango Jam

Mango Jelly

Process flow for making dried mango slices is presented below:

Mangos are an excellent source of Vitamins A and C, as well as a good source of Potassium and contain beta carotene.

Mangos are high in fiber, but low in calories (approx. 110 per average sized mango), fat (only 1 gram) and sodium.

Mangoes really can make you feel better, rich in  vitamins, anti-oxidants & minerals. Mangos contain an enzyme with stomach soothing properties similar found in papayas. These comforting enzymes act as a digestive aid and can be held partially responsible for that feeling of contentment.

MANGO HOPPER MANGO MEALYBUG MANGO SCALES MANGO MIDGE MANGO THRIPS MANGO BARK BEETLE

Though out the year first out break in Feb –April.

Damage to fruit yield may be as high as 60 per cent.

More active practically during spring &monsoon season.

Only the nymphs & wingless females are destructive & suck plant juice , causing tender shoots and flowers todry up.

The young fruits also become juiceless and drop off.

No fruits are set when early infestation is serious on inflorescence.

About 27 species of scale insects attack mango.

These insects differ from other insects in shape .

Life cycle is completed in 31-35 days with upto 10 generation in year.

Flower spikes and fruits may also be infested.

Bactocera zonatus attack up to 97% and B.dorsalis damage the fruit up to 3%.

Fruit flies are most active in garden when temperature is25-30 C and become inactive below 20 C.

The mango gall midge or mango blesster midge is a major pest destroying inflorescence up to 70% of fruit set . Eggs normally laid in folds between sepal and petals of flowers.

Larval feeding prevents flower opening and consequently also development.

The mango trunk beetle can be found in trunk all branches as well as root .

Adults generally appear in hot weather.

Full grown larva is a stout, yellowish-white, fleshy grub.

Varieties like “Chaunsa” mango are recognized as one of the best varieties.

Pakistan is included among the top ten mango producing countries in the world.

Priority fruit crop supported by major programs

Availability of raw material (mangoes) with a consistent growth in production.

Availability of farm labor and technical expertise.

Irregular & inconsistent supply of quality fruits

Short storage life and inadequate post harvest facilities

Non availability of cold storage and reefer container facilities at airports & seaports

-Limited air space and high freight costs

Prospective markets within geographic proximity i.e., Middle Eastern countries.

Domestic competition level is moderate for a modern processing unit.

Presence of premium domestic markets. Lower tariff imposed by importing

countries under GATT and by EU countries.

Expansion opportunity in new markets like Far East and Central Asia.

Competition from other mango producing countries.

Trade protectionism, which may be applied by countries due to “fruit/white fly virus etc.

Ruthless competition amongst local exporters.

Trade restriction if imposed by the importing countries.