Managing Variability in Product Line Scoping Using Design Space Models

© Bedir Tekinerdoğan

Managing Variabilityin Product Line ScopingUsing Design Space Models

Bedir Tekinerdoğan & Mehmet Akşit

University of Twente

Dept. of Computer Science

Software Engineering

TRESE, Software Engineering

(bedir | aksit)@cs.utwente.nl

2© Bedir Tekinerdoğan

Contents

Reuse

Product Line Engineering

Product Line Scoping

Design Space Modeling

Conclusion


Development from scratch…

I want Car Insurance System

I want Health Insurance System

I want Life Insurance System

I want House Insurance System

I want Tarvel Insurance System

Life Insurance System

Architecture Design

Design

Implementation

Testing

Requirements Analysis

Health Insurance System

Car Insurance System

House Insurance System

Travel Insurance System

This takes too much time!

costs too much money!I want it faster and

cheaper!


Cause of the problem?

Lack of process? Wrong process Require higher CMM level? Adopt agile? What?!


Nokia Facts

sells phones in more than 130 countries support 58 languages (Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew,

Chinese, etc. ) support multiple protocols

CDMA, TDMA, AMPS, GSM, GPRS, …

Hardware is constantly changing and software is constantly expanding.

Different UI support

From Slide from Anders Heie, Nokia Mobile Phones


Example – Nokia Mobile Phones


Development with reuse

I want Car Insurance System

I want Health Insurance System

I want Life Insurance System

I want House Insurance System

I want Travel Insurance System

Insurance Components

Component-BasedSoftware Engineering

ProductProduct

Product


But where did the class/component

library come from?!

How where these components

planned for this application?!

Source of reusable components…

Insurance Components

?


Domain Engineering - Development for reuseDomain Engineering:

the process of analysis,

specification and

implementation of software assets

in a domain which are used in

the development of multiple software products.

Relevant Domain

Knowledge

Relevant Domain

Knowledge

(Reusable)Domain

Knowledge

DomainEngineering


Example - Domain Model for Insurance Systems

Insurance Product

Insured Object Coverage PremiumConditionsPayment

Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk

Acceptance Exception

Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature

alternative featuremandatory feature

or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage


Domain Implementation

Generate reusable assets derived from domain architecture and catalog in component library

Domain ImplementationDomain Model

Reusable Assets...

Insurance Assets

Insurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage


The process of developing software products from software assets created by a domain engineering process.

Focus on a single system… but development is basically composition

Application n

Application 2

Application Engineering

(Reusable)Domain

Knowledgegenerate

Application 1


Domain Engineering vs. Application Engineering

• How to apply it for building many applications?–Application Engineering

• How to make domain knowledge reusable?–Domain Engineering

Relevant Domain

Knowledge

Relevant Domain

Knowledge

(Reusable)Domain

Knowledge

DomainEngineering

Application n

Application 2

Application 1

ApplicationEngineering


DOMAIN ENGINEERING

Two-Life Cycle Model

Domain Analysis

Domain Model

Domain Design

DomainSoftware

Architecture

Domain Implementation

Application EngineeringApplication Engineering

APPLICATION ENGINEERING

New Requirements

ApplicationPerformanceSpecification

ReusableAssets

AnalysisBased on

Domain Model

SystemSoftware

ArchitectureDesign

ApplicationSoftware

Architecture

ApplicationDevelopment


Product AlternativesInsurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage

DomainModel

1. health insurance that covers illness with own risk and direct premium

2. life insurance with service and periodical payment

3. Car insurance with coverage for damage, own risk and periodical payment

etc.

Alternatives

2976alternatives!


Problem Statement:What are the product alternatives?

Alternative

Alternative

Alternative

AlternativeAlternative


Alternative

Alternative




What are thealternatives?

Insurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage

Product Line Scoping


Product Line Scoping Risks

Scope is too large product members might vary too much more difficult to define commonality and variability waste of resources

Scope is too small core assets might not be built in a generic enough fashion to

accommodate future growth product line will stagnate and no additional benefits


Product Implementation alternatives Insurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage

insuredObject()coverage()payment()conditions()premium()payee()....

InsuranceProduct

coverage()payment()conditions()premium()payee()....

InsuranceProduct


LifeInsurance


CarInsurance


TravelInsurance

insuredObject()coverage()payment()conditions()premium()payee()....

InsuranceProduct

InsuredObject

Coverage

Payment

Conditions

Premium

Payee

AlternativeImplementations

DomainModel


Problem Statement:What are the implementation alternatives?

Alternative

Alternative

Alternative



Alternative

Alternative




What are thealternatives?

Insurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage

Product Implementation Scoping


Design Spaces

A multi-dimensional representation of a set of alternatives for a given design problem


Process for Scoping Design Space Represent Design Spaces Define constraints of alternatives Unfolding design space Reduce design space using selection and

elimination Map design space to implementation


Represent Design SpaceInsurance Product


Person

Corporation

MovableProperty

Realty

Service

Amount

Own Risk


Payee

Person Corporation

Direct Periodical

Legend:

optional feature


or-feature

Illness

Life

Loss

Unemployment

Damage

2976alternatives!

InsuranceProduct = (InsObj Λ Cov Λ Paym Λ Cond Λ Prem Λ Payee)

InsuredObject

Corporation Realty Person Moveable Prop.

Coverage

Payment

Conditions

Premium

Payee


Reducing Design Space

GenerateAlternatives

Restrict Design Space

Heuristics-BasedSelection and

Elimination

Selection ofSub-Spaces

#alternativesin design space

< max?

Eliminationof Sub-Spaces

no

yes



1. InsuredObject.Person mutex-with Coverage.DamageIf the ensured object is a person then the insurance product cannot include coverage ofdamage (for physical objects)

2. Coverage.Loss requires InsuredObject.MoveablePropertyIf the insurance product includes coverage for loss then the insured object can only be amoveable property

3. Coverage.Illness mutex InsuredObject.CorporationIf the insurance product includes coverage for illness then the insured object cannot be a person.

4. InsuredObject.Corporation requires Payee.CorporationIf the insured object is a corporation then the claimer should also be a corporation.

Define Constraints:




HealthInsuranceProduct ::

Select from InsuranceProductWhere <Insbj.Person and (Cov.Illness or Cov.Life)>

Select/Eliminate subspaces


Map to implementations

For example object-oriented implementation Mapping is a model transformation


Object = (CL ; OP; AT) 512000alternatives

ObjectInsurance :: InsuranceProduct Object

Design Space


Rumi

Launcher: Open other tools from here

Model Builder Tool:A model is defined as a set of concepts, relations and constraints.

Feature Definer Tool:For defining distinctive features of concepts

Constraint Definer Tool:For defining constraints among concepts and features.

Design Space Composer:Map the defined models to the object model to depict the set of implementation alternatives, and set the adaptability properties.

Alternative Generator Tool:Generate alternatives after models, their constraints, and the design spaces have been defined. Select the appropriate alternatives.


Conclusion Quality is not improved how good the process is, but firstly what

kind of process you have Introducing a secondary lifecycle process (domain engineering)

supports quality: time-to-market Reuse

Product Line Engineering consists of Domain Engineering and Application Engineering

One of the most important issues in PLE is Product Line Scoping Current Product Line Scoping Techniques fail to depict the set of

alternatives explicitly We have applied design space modeling to represent design spaces

for Product Alternatives and Product Implementation Alternatives

The tool Rumi implements design space modeling techniques.

Managing Variability in Product Line Scoping Using Design Space Models

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