Managingclimatebasedvariabilityinthevineyard,wineryandglass

Cornelis(Kees)VANLEEUWEN,AgnèsDESTRACandLauredeRESSEGUIER

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Theroleofclimateinterroirexpression

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Op;mizingterroirexpression=ressourcemanagement

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CO2

waterlight

water minerals

temperature

ManagementpracKces

GrapequalitypotenKal

Winequality

-  Eachterroiroffersadifferentsetofresources

-  Temperature,light,CO2andwaterareressoucesrelatedtoclimate

-  ViKculturalmanagementaimstoopKmizequalityandyieldgiventheavailableresources

Temperature

-  Impactonquality-  Scaleissues-  Management

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Condi;onsforproducinghighquality«terroir»wines

•  Grapesmustreachfullripness•  GrapesshouldnotripeninthehoVestpartoftheseason

•  àIdealwindowforripeness:–  betweenSeptember10andOctober15(NH)– March(SH)

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Climatevariabilityatmacroscale

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hVp://climatedata.e-monsite.com/pages/climatologie-de-la-france/cartotheque.html hVp://www.canalmonde.fr/r-annuaire-tourisme/france/vignobles/vignoble-de-france.php

Spa;alvariabilityoftemperatureinsidetheBordeauxwinegrowingarea

77 Bois,2007

Methodology:

1)Inputdatafrom80classicweatherstaKons

2)SpaKalmodel,usingenvironmentalco-variables

PauillacSt-EmilionPomerol

Sauternes

Pessac-Léognan

Spa;alvariabilityoftemperatureinsideSaint-Emilion-Pomerol

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Minimumtemperatures Maximumtemperatures

DeRességuierandvanLeeuwen,2016

Microclimatevariability

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FuentesanddeBei,2012

Spa;alamplitudeoftemperaturesatdifferentscales

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France(1981-2010)

Bordeaux(2003-2005)

Saint-Emilion–Pomerol

(2012-2014)

Lowestav.temp.(°C)

10.0(Reims)

13.1 13.5

Highestav.temp(°C)

15.8(Perpignan)

14.4 14.9

Amplitude(°C) 5.8 1.3 1.4

Managingtemperaturesinthevineyard

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Varietychoicetoadapttomacroandmesoclima;ctemperaturevariability

•  VarietychoiceiscriKcalfortheKmingofripenessintheidealwindow(10Sept.–15Oct.)

Dateofmid-veraisonVitAdaptproject,Bordeaux:25daysbetweenPinotnoirandPeKtVerdot

DestracandvanLeeuwen,unpublished

25days

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Parker,2012

Modelledsugarripeness(200g/L):50daysbetweenPinotnoirand

Zinfandel

Trainingsystemandcanopymanagementtoadapttomicro-clima;ctemperaturevariability

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Champagnol, 1984

LeafremovalforbeVerfruitexposure

Canopymanagement,RichardSmart

Trunkheight

Managinglightintercep;oninthevineyard

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Op;mizelightintercep;onthroughtdensityandtrimmingheight

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Lowdensityvineyard,lowlightintercepKonunlesshigh

trimming

Highdensityvineyard,highlightintercepKon

Highlightintercep;onindividedcanopies

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NelsonShaulis RichardSmart AlainCarbonneau

SmartDyson,BeaulieuVineyards,Napa

Photo:A.dePizzol

Lyretrellis,BeaulieuVineyards,Napa

Photo:A.dePizzol

GDCtrellis,SmartandRobinson,1991

Managingwaterstatusinthevineyard

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Vinewaterstatusrelatestoclimate,soil,plantmaterialandtrainingsystem

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Climate:-Rainfall-ET0

Soil:-WaterHoldingCapacity(texture,rooKngdepth,%stones)

Plantmaterial:-Variety- Root-stock- RooKngdepth

Trainingsystem:-LightintercepKon- Floormanagement

IrrigaKon

Yield

Qualitypoten;al

Managedroughttroughadaptedplantmaterial

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•  Theuseofdroughtresistantrootstocks(110R)iscosteffecKveandenvironmentalfriendly

•  UsedroughtresistentvarieKesindryclimates

SO4 110Richter

Photo:Pr.H.Schultz • AppellaKon:CampodeBorja,Aragon,Spain• Annualrainfall:350mm• Photos:MiguelLorente

Grenache

Merlot

Managedroughttroughcanopymanagement

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Spain

Greece Photo:PaVySkinkis,Oregonstateuniversity

Mediterraneanbushvinesaredroughtresistant

HighvigorVSPvinesarenot

Managedroughtthroughirriga;on

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Photo:WineYakimaValleyblog

VinewaterstatuscanbemanagedthoughirrigaKon

SomeenvironmentalissuesaroundirrigaKon

RarifyingwaterressourcesinCalifornia

Saltstress

Conclusion

•  Climateishighlyvariableatdifferentscales•  Themostpowerfultooltoadapttothisvariabilityisthechoiceofplantmaterial

•  Anotherimportanttooliscanopymanagement•  Duetoclimatechange,plantmaterialandviKculturaltechniqueswillhavetoevolveoverKme

•  TheobjecKveistoproducethebestpossiblewine,showingtypicityinrelaKontolocalclimate(=terroirexpression)

•  ThisapproachguaranKesdiversityinwinesstyles

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