Managing Power System

MANAGING POWER SYSTEM P.K.Agarwal Additional General Manager

Power System Operation Corporation Ltd.

Managing Power System 1

OUTLINE

• Evolution of Electricity Supply System • Overview of Indian Grid

• Tools for Grid Management.

• Electricity Market

• Way forward and Challanges


EVOLUTION OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY SYSTEM


Supplying electricity to customers in the First District, a one-quarter square mile (0.65 square km) area

Edison’s direct current (dc) generating station at 257 Pearl Street, New York, US


Direct Current power -  suitable to supply to short distance -  Nor Suitable for long distance


EARLY ELECTRICITY GENERATION

• In early days, power plants were localized. • Supplying power to local areas only. • In case of outage, no alternative supply. • Slowly started connecting through transmission system to increase reliability of supply.

• Needed a central control center for coordination and running of connected system in unison.


VOLTAGE STEP-UP

VOLTAGE STEP-DOWN

CONSUMPTION

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY CHAIN


Generation Transmission Consumption

Markets

Operations

Service Provider

Evolution of Central Control Center


Power Grid to Smart Grid


OVERVIEW OF INDIAN POWER GRID


Celestial View at Night

Photo Courtesy: NASA


Indian Power Sector

15%

2%

13%

70%

Hydro Nuclear renewable Thermal

Thermal 191 GW

Hydro 42 GW

Nuclear 6 GW

Renewable 36 GW

Total 275

Power Installed Capacity = 275 GW

22

66%

11%

12%

11%

Wind Small Hydro Bio mass Solar

Wind 23.5 GW

Small Hydro 4 GW

Solar 3.8 GW

Biomass 4.5 GW

Total 35.8 GW


Towards SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)Grid


TOOLS FOR GRID MANAGEMENT


Grid Control Centers Hierarchy Managing Power System 25

Data acquisition in Load Despatch Centers SCADA/EMS System

Acquired data put on displays in SCADA


SCADA System Architecture

SCADA /EMS SERVERS

JUKE BOX

System Time Rack Swift

FROM GPS

VIDEO PROJECTION SYSTEM

ISR SERVERS

System Time &

Frequency

Local Frequency Input

Workstation Consoles

with Dual Monitors NMS

SERVERS

Development Server (PDS)

Archival Server

ICCP Communication

SERVERS

Frequency, Day & Date Display

Terminal Server

To Backup NLDC

Logger

Printer (B&W)

Printer (Colour)

To all RLDCs

ROUTERS

NID (N/W Intrusion

Detection System)

To DMZ Zones

CISCO PIX Firewall System

UPS Monitoring

System


ALL INDIA POWER NETWORK Managing Power System 28

Synchrophasors Technology SCADA Vs WAMS (RTU vs PMU) X-Ray Vs MRI


Indian Grid -‐ WAMS Pilot Project Architecture

NLDC

ERLDC PMU-12

WRLDC PMU-16

PDC/Console

NRLDC PMU-14

SRLDC PMU-12

PDC/Console PDC/Console

PDC/Console

NERLDC PMU-8

PDC/Console

PDC Console

Historian

Router


Current Synchrophasors deployment in India


ELECTRICITY MARKETS IN INDIA


Structure of Indian Electricity Sector Managing Power System 33

Market Design

IMBALANCES CONGESTION MANAGEMENT

ANCILLARY SERVICES

SCHEDULING &

DISPATCH

ELECTRICITY MARKET

“Making Compe--on Work in Electricity”, Sally Hunt

Four Pillars of Market Design


Evolution of Power Market in India

13/09/15 NLDC - POSOCO 35 2004: Open Access

2008: Power Exchange

2009: Imbalance (UI)

2011: Transmission Pricing (POC)

2010: Power Market, REC

April, 2012: Sub-Hourly Market (15 Min Bidding in PX)

2009: Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA

2009: Trading License

2009: Congestion Management

2014: Deviation Settlement

2015: Ancillary Market


25 – 12 Years 3 Years – 3 Months

< 3 Months

Medium Term

Short Term Long Term

Contracts in the Short Term Market

Bilateral - Advance

Bilateral - FCFS Power

Exchange

Day - Ahead

Contingency

Different Types of Contracts Managing Power System 36

MCV

MCP

PRICE

Sale Purchase

Accepted Purchase Bids (>= MCP)

(Consumers’ Discount)

Accepted Sale Bids (<= MCP)

(Generators’ Surplus)

Salient Features n  Multiple Power

Exchanges q  Competition amongst

Exchanges n  Voluntary participation n  Double sided bidding n  Uniform pricing n  Day-ahead exchange n  15 Minute bids n  Congestion

management by market splitting

Social Welfare Maximization

Power Exchange Operations Managing Power System 37

DAILY POWER OPERATIO PLANNING PROCESS

Availability Declaration

Entitlements

S L D C

Requisition & Bilateral Agreements

Injection Schedule Drawal Schedule

Revision in DC Revision in Requisition

Final Injection Schedule

Final Drawal Schedule

09:00

10:00

15:00

18:00

22:00

23:00

R L D C

I S G S

Time

Revisions during Current day

Revisions during Current day

0 to 24 hours

Collective Transactions (PX)

38

Managing Power System

CHALLANGES


Control Center – Challenges • High pace of growth

•  Integration of new Control Centers & RTUs

•  Technological obsolescence

• Security Issues

• Ever increasing appetite for information • Multiple stakeholders • Retrieval/presentation of archived data a Herculean task

• Expertise of man behind machine • Knowledge management systems • User friendly interfaces


India’s Energy Challenge

Energy Security: India is dependent on oil imports for 80% of its demand Energy Access: Around 300 Million people still without access to electricity Growing Demand: In next 12 years India’s electricity requirement to grow 2.5 times Energy Shortage: Electricity shortage estimated at 25-35 GW Global Warming: Climate Change is also an important issue – 20-25% emission intensity reduction by 2020 to the 2005 level



[email protected]@posoco.in

Managing Power System

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