Managing Conflict in Irrigation Sector · Managing Conflict in Water ... New irrigation system can...
Transcript of Managing Conflict in Irrigation Sector · Managing Conflict in Water ... New irrigation system can...
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Managing Conflict in Irrigation Sector
Prachanda Pradhan, GESI Training in WRPPF,
Department of Irrigation,Nepal August 6, 2018
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Managing Conflict in Water sector
� Scope of Presentation:
� Water Sector conflict at different levels:
� Inter-country ( relating to sharing of water among or between countries, for example : Gangas water sharing between Bangladesh and India after Farakka Barrage ( Impact in Bangladesh-Gore River, quantity of water share, no flushing of salt water and intrusion of salinity and their effects in Bangladesh
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Other Example � Indus Water Dispute settlement is an
interesting arrangement negotiated by World Bank to conclude Treaty to share water between India and Pakistan.
� There are many of such examples from different parts of the world
� (Canada,-USA, India Nepal etc)
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Managing such conflicts � It requires special skill and art of negotiation
� Knowledge of International Law
� Riparian right
� Prior Appropriation right
� In short, this is the situation in international context
� Similar situations exist within a country
� Caused by inappropriate water Share and water allocation ( federal systems have many of such situation)
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From water to irrigation � Focusing on irrigation
� What is irrigation? (multi-discipline)
� These terms are important to understand:
� -water right
� -Water allocation
� Water distribution
� Conflict settlement
� Dispute arbitration
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Mulki Ain of Nepal � Provision of Jaga Biraune mahal ( land
cultivation provision)
� Irrigation system can be constructed by individual or group of farmers.
� Once it is constructed, ownership in (FMIS) remain with the group of farmers.
� New irrigation system can not be constructed above the system or it has to be above certain meters whereas it is allowed below the system
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Conflict in water sharing in irrigation system
� This is the story about conflict among two or more systems
� - Conflict between Satrasaya Phant and Yampaphant-( Tanahu District) conflict cause, water source ownership ( Water right) Contested by both systems, went to court, court decision was to continue as was practiced traditionally
� Inter-community Conflict ( Girwari Khola system), Nawalparasi District
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Conflict in Girwari about water share and water right
� Traditional systems in Girwari
� Nawalpur resettlement in Nawalparasi close to Girwari
� Training to resettlers in Rampur, during training, drinking water was identified as main problem
� Rampur training center provided some financial support for drinking water project
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Con’ted � Requested for drinking water canal from
Girwari to Nawalpur starting from Jhalbas.
� Conflict started from increased demand
� -from drinking water to irrigation
� How the conflicts increased
� There are many examples of such conflicts in Nepal.
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To avoid the conflict among systems
� Water share divisions among systems in the river like � Water share among 5 systems in
Tinau River ( Chhatis Mauja and others)
� Rapti River- among systems on both sides of River ( Pragana systems)
� This water share distribution is done during dry period
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Irrigation systems within village
� Study undertaken by USAID in 1980s found that majority of conflict in villages are originated in water issues
� Water related conflicts are prominent in many villages of Nepal. That also in irrigation sector.
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Water related conflict in irrigation system
� Functions of Irrigation
� Water extraction
� Water allocation
� Water Distribution
� Drainage ( improper drainage cause land and crop damage)
� Operation
� Maintenance design
� WUA- hydrological boundary,
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Con’ted � Membership and water entitlement
� Obligations by virtue of water right
� Resource mobilization is based on the obligation which is again related by water entitlement
� Sources of conflicts are ;
� Water allocation
� Water distribution
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Conflict Management � Physical intervention modes
� Social and Institutional mechanism
� Water dividers like ( Physical Intervention) � Proportioning weir, Physical control devices
� Saacho, by different names in different countries including in Nepal
� Individual channels for each village from main canal
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Proportioning Weirs
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Socio-institutional measures � Establishment of WUA
� Provision of conflict resolution, Sources of conflict , Resource mobilization, non-compliance of standard,
Water distribution- time or contineous ,downstream flood or no water(Transparency)
� Water stealing , forms and methods ( like crab doing, breakage of channel etc)
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Con’ted � Suppression of demand to reduce conflict
� Collective decision for conflict resolution
� Status of water related conflicts � Water scarcity and level of conflict.
� Where there is scarcity, more conflicts
� More rules and regulations to govern the conflict
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New dimensions in conflict in Water sector
� Irrigation and drinking water as point of conflict
� Water Resources Act, 1992
� Irrigation and Hydropower
� Basin transfer related conflict ( jhimruk Hydropower )
� More infrastructure in river systems, water share and lack of planning for water allocation ( Basin Org. and Planning)
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Reference � Visit webpage:
� Prachandashare.wordpress.com
� Search:
� Women ( about role of women in irrigation)
� Conflict (inter community water related conflict of Giriwari Khola)