Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations
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Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations Healthcare Information System (HCIS)
Transcript of Management of Information in Healthcare Organizations
Management of Information
in Healthcare Organizations
Healthcare Information System (HCIS)
REMEMBER?
The Data-to-Knowledge Spectrum
Data
Information
KNOWLEDGE
The Data-to-Knowledge Spectrum (data, information, knowledge)
CONSTANTLY EVOLVING CYCLE : KNOWLEDGE CHANGES
…AndThanks to the standards….
Data
Information
KNOWLEDGE
WISDOMDIKW Pyramid. Standards allow this!
THE BIG PICTURE
WHY IS THIS DIKW PYRAMID IMPORATNT?
UNDERSTANDING
PRINCIPLESUNDERSTANDING
PATTERNSUNDERSTANDI
NG RELATIONS
IS DIKW IMPORTANT?
Data: Many Organizations collect and store vast amounts of raw data. Problem? This collected data is valuable information but many
companies do not know how to use or leverage it properly.
Information: Data is processed to be useful & to provide answers to
“who”, “what”, “where” & “when” questions.
Making use integrated, good quality data & putting it in the right context
(creating reports, showing different views of data…) is the process of translating
data into meaningful, useful information.
Knowledge: The application of data and information and answering the
“how” questions is the process whereby we receive and absorb
information which becomes knowledge.
Knowledge is therefore information that is then applied. Decisions can be
made, judgments formed and forecasts made.
Wisdom: Organizations are empowered to apply their knowledge
and change their processes. This helps them set up guidelines to be
able to make effective, timely decisions and gain a competitive advantage to be more efficient.
Wisdom is evaluated understanding.
Let’s now focus on:INFORMATION
MODERN INFORMATIONInformation, Nowadays, includes both electronic & physical information.
The organizational structure must be capable of managing this information throughout the information lifecycle
regardless of source or format (Data, paper documents, electronic documents, Imagery, audio,
video, etc.) for delivery through multiple channels (Software, Print, Web, Mobile…).
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION
The management of information is the collection and the
controlling of information from different sources and the
distribution of that information to different audiences through
different channels.
Management means the organization of & control over the planning,
structure and organization, controlling, processing, evaluating and
reporting of information activities in order to meet objectives and to enable corporate functions in the delivery of
information.
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION
Health Care Information Systems (HCIS)
HCIS Provide and support Technology and information & communication systems that enable quality patient care, progressive medical education,
processes improvements, and innovative research.
WHY DO WE NEED HEALTH
INFORMATION SYSTEMS?
WHY HCIS?
• Good management is an important requirement to increase the efficiency of health services.
• Improved HCIS is obviously linked to effective management.
• Information and timely access to it is crucial at all management levels of the health services from periphery to the center. It is required by policymakers, managers, health care providers, community health workers.
WHY HCIS?
“Changing the way information is gathered, processed, and used
for decision-making implies changing the way organizations
operate.”
WHY HCIS?
MAIN ISSUES WITH CURRENT HCISIrrelevance of the information gathered
Poor quality of data
Duplication & waste among parallel health information system
Lack of timely reporting, concurrent control & feedback
MAIN ISSUES WITH CURRENT HCIS
Poor use of information
Cultural and background differences between data professionals and decision makers
e.g.: Planning and management staff rely primarily on intuition to frame ad hoc decisions rather seek pertinent data
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN HEALTHCAREFunctions and Components of a Healthcare
Information System; 5 Distinct purposes
1. Patient Management and Billing2. Departmental Management3. Care Delivery and Clinical Documentation4. Clinical Decision Support5. Financial and Resource Management
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN HEALTHCARE
A carefully and well designed computer-based system (HCIS) can easily increase the effectiveness
and productivity of health organizations
MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION IN HEALTHCARE
These systems will also help improving the service quality
and reducing the costs.This is true for the 5 Distinct
purposes of HCIS.
HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS (HCOS) HCOs, like all business entities, are
information-intensive enterprises.
Healthcare professionals require sufficient data & information management tools to make appropriate decisions while caring for patients & managing the
enterprise, to document and communicate plans and activities, and to meet the requirements of regulatory and accrediting organizations.
Patient Management and Billing
Systems that support patient management functions perform basic Health Care Organizations Operations (HCOO) purposes related to patients.
(e.g. Identification, registration, admission, discharge, billing, transfer…)
Departmental Management
Ancillary Department systems support the information needs of
individual departments and services within a Health Care
Organization (HCO).
Departmental ManagementAreas and departments that are
mostly relying on automated systems are:
Laboratories, pharmacies, blood banks, radiology units, and medical
records departments.
Care Delivery & Clinical Documentation
Although comprehensive Computer-based patient record systems (CPRs) are
the ultimate goal of most HCOs, many organizations today are still building
more basic clinical-management capabilities.
Care Delivery & Clinical Documentation
2 important functions provided by the clinical components of an HCIS:
1. Automated order entry 2. Results reporting
Care Delivery & Clinical Documentation
Many HCOs have developed diagnosis-specific clinical pathways that identify:
Clinical goals InterventionsExpected outcomes by time period
Care Delivery & Clinical Documentation
Using the clinical pathway, case managers or healthcare providers can
document actual Vs expected outcomes
They are alerted to intervene when a significant unexpected event occurs.
Care Delivery & Clinical Documentation
More hospitals are now implementing systems to support “closed loop medication systems” in which every task from the initial order for medication to its administration to
the patient is recorded in the HCIS
This is one outcome of increased attention to patient safety issues.
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
Clinical decision-support systems directly assist clinical professionals in data interpretation and decision-
making.
Clinical Decision SupportOnce the basic clinical components of an HCIS are well developed, clinical decision-support
systems can use the information stored there to:
Monitor patients and issue alertsMake diagnostic suggestionsProvide limited therapeutic adviceProvide information on medication costs
Clinical Decision Support
These capabilities are particularly
useful when they are integrated with other information-management functions.
Clinical Decision Support
Example:
A useful adjunct to computer-based physician order-entry (CPOE) is a decision support
program that alerts physicians to patient food or drug allergies; helps physicians to calculate
patient-specific drug-dosing regimens; performs advanced order logic…
Financial and Resource Management
Financial and administrative systems assist with the traditional business functions of an HCO.
e.g.: Invoicing, Management of the payroll, human resources, general ledger, accounts payable, and materials purchasing and
inventory.
Financial and Resource Management
Most of these data-processing tasks are well structured, and have been historically labor intensive and
repetitious (ideal opportunities for substitution with computers).
With the exception of patient-billing functions, the basic financial tasks of an
HCO do not differ a lot from those of organizations in other industries.
Financial and Resource Management
Financial and administrative applications have typically been
among the 1st systems to be standardized and centralized in
integrated delivery network (IDN).
Financial and Resource Management
Financial and administrative applications have typically been
among the 1st systems to be standardized and centralized in
integrated delivery network (IDN).
Integrated delivery network (IDN).
Integrated delivery network (IDN).
An IDN is a network of facilities and providers that work together to offer a
continuum of care to a specific geographic area or market. The
concept was developed in the 1980s and has since evolved to address
common concerns, such as complaints from patients regarding access
REMEMBER!
The ultimate objective of health information
system is not “to gain information” but “to
improve action”
