Making Babies: Choosing to have Children… …or not
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Transcript of Making Babies: Choosing to have Children… …or not
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Making Babies:Choosing to have Children… …or not
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Choosing to have Children
Pronatalist Bias: having children is taken for granted, while not having children needs to be justified
Why wouldn’t you have children?
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Choosing not to have Children
Structural Antinatalism (Friedan):American society is insufficiently supportive of having children
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Why have Children: the Value of Children PerspectiveCultural shift from children as economic asset to emotional investment- “a child to love”
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Social Capital Perspective
The anticipated social benefits as motivation
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ADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN: ADVANTAGES OF CHILDREN: HoffmanHoffman
1. 1. AFFECTION / PRIMARY AFFECTION / PRIMARY GROUP GROUP TIES (63%)TIES (63%)
2. FUN / STIMULATION (58%) 2. FUN / STIMULATION (58%) 3. 3. EXPANSION OF SELF (34%)EXPANSION OF SELF (34%) 4. ADULT STATUS (21%)4. ADULT STATUS (21%)
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DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING CHILDRENCHILDREN1. 1. LOSS OF FREEDOM (51%)LOSS OF FREEDOM (51%)2. FINANCIAL COSTS (42%) 2. FINANCIAL COSTS (42%) 3. 3. OPPORTUNITY COSTSOPPORTUNITY COSTS• • economiceconomic • emotional• emotional
4. TENSION in RELATIONSHIP4. TENSION in RELATIONSHIP
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Effects of having Children on Marriage(Picker)
• 33 to 50% experience distress after first child as high as couples in counseling
WHY?• Child Care pushes couples into traditional gender roles--Women take on majority of work
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Solutions to Negative effect of children
(Gottman)Couples remain happy when…1.Husband admires his wife2.Keeps romance alive3.Understand wife’s inner life
Husband’s behavior most influential in marital satisfaction
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NEW TRENDSRemaining Child Free* reasons why…Postponing Parenthood* 2-sided coin…One Child Families* the good and bad…
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PREMARITAL PREGNANCIESPREMARITAL PREGNANCIES
• • 1940, unwed birthrate 1940, unwed birthrate less than 5% of total less than 5% of total birthsbirths
• • 2005, unwed birthrate 37%2005, unwed birthrate 37%of total birthsof total births
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Older Single Older Single MothersMothers
1980 to 1998, Unwed 1980 to 1998, Unwed birthrates for women birthrates for women
•Women ages 30-34 increased Women ages 30-34 increased by more than 90%by more than 90%
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Older Single Older Single MothersMothersWhite women’s rate White women’s rate increased by 128% increased by 128% while the increase was while the increase was only 20% among the only 20% among the same age-group of same age-group of black womenblack women
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Teenage Teenage PregnanciesPregnancies• • unwed birth rate among unwed birth rate among teens decreasingteens decreasing
• • 2000 12% of all births2000 12% of all births• • 2000, 79% of teenage 2000, 79% of teenage births occurred outside births occurred outside of marriageof marriage
•Highest rates of teen Highest rates of teen pregnancy was in pregnancy was in 19501950