CONSTIPATION

CREATED BY :

DIAN ISMAYANTI GOZALI

(131420129840032)

INTERMEDIATE 3

BACHELOR OF NURSING 5B

HARAPAN BANGSA INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCE

PURWOKERTO

2015

INTRODUCTION

I choose ‘Constipation’ to this paper because constipation is to much cases in the

people. The purpose of this paper is to :

1. Peoples know definition of constipation

2. Peoples know types of constipation

3. Peoples know causes of constipation

4. Peoples know sign and symptoms of constipation

5. Peoples know effects of constipation

6. Peoples know treatment and prevention of constipation

A. Definition

Constipation is a condition of the digestive system. The sufferer has hard feces that

are difficult to expel. In most cases, this accurs because the colon has absorbed too much

of the water from the food that is in the colon.

The slower the food moves through the digestive tract, the more water the colon

will absorb from food. Consequently, the feces become dry and hard. Defecation can

become very painful, and in some serious cases there may be symptoms of bowel

obstruction.

B. Types

Constipation is non-communicable.

C. Causes

a. Not going to the toilet when you feel the urge to

There can be many reasons for this. Perhaps we are not at home and would

prefer to wait till we get back. It is suprising how many people never open their

bowels in the toilets at work or at school. Others may be too busy to go, while some

people don’t because of emotional stress.

b. Not drinking enough water

Experts say that if you already have constipation, drinking more liquids might

not relieve it. However, if you regulary drink plenty of water you are less likely to

become constipated. If you tend to suffer regulary from constipation you should

seriously consider increasing your consumption of water. Many sodas, alcohol and

containing caffeine may cause dehydration and worsen your constipation.

c. Pregnancy

Pregnancy brings about hormonal changes which can make a woman more

susceptible to constipation. Also, the uterus may compress the intestine, slowing

down the passage of the food.

d. The sufferer is too physicaly inactive. This is especially the case if the person is

elderly.

Somebody has had to lie down in bed for long time, perhaps for several days or

weeks, his/her risk of heaving constipations because that physical activity keeps our

metabolism high, making most things in our bodies happen more rapidly.

D. Sign and Symptoms

a. Few bowel movements

b. Trouble having a bowel movement (straining)

c. Hard or small stools

d. A sense that everything didn’t come out

e. Swollen abdomen or abdominal pain

f. Vomiting

E. Effects

a. Hypertension arterial

b. Hemoroid

c. Megakolon

F. Treatment and Prevention

a. Diet and lifestyle changes

a) Increase fiber intake

Adding fiber to your diet increase the weight of your stool and speeds its passage

through your intestine. Slowly begin to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables each

day. Choose wholegrain breads and cereals. In general, aim for 14 grams of fiber

for every 1.000 calories in your daily diet.

b) Exercise most days of the week

Physical activity increases muscle activity in your intestines. Try to fit in exercise

most days of the week.

c) Don’t ignore the urge to have a bowel movement

b. Medications

Medications that draw water into your intestine. The prescription medications

lubiprostone and linaclotide.

c. Laxative

a. Fiber supplements

b. Stool softener

CONCLUSION

Constipation is a condition who the suferrer can not defecation and the feces is hard.

Constipation is non-communicable. The causes is Not going to the toilet when you feel the

urge to, not drinking enough water, pregnancy, and the sufferer is too physicaly inactive.

Sign and Symptoms the constipation is few bowel movements, trouble having a bowel

movement (straining), hard or small stools, a sense that everything didn’t come out, swollen

abdomen or abdominal pain, and vomiting, to treatment and preventif the constipation is diet,

lifestyle change, medications, and laxative.

REFERENCES

Feldman M, et al. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease :

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Management. 9th at Philadelphia, Pa : Saunders

Elsevier ; 2010. http:/www.clinicaly.com. Accessed November 19, 2015.

Constipation. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse.

http:/digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/constipation/index.aspx. Accessed

November 19, 2015.