Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands.
-
Upload
silvia-preston -
Category
Documents
-
view
263 -
download
6
Transcript of Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic. Endocrine Glands.
Major Endocrine Glands - Abdominopelvic
Endocrine Glands
Major Glands in the Abdomen/Pelvis
Organ Synthesize Release Target Disorder(s) (to target)
Adrenal GlandsThese organs are found
on top (superior to) each kidney.
The adrenal glands have two sections:
(1) Cortex – outside(2) Medulla - inside
The Adrenal Medulla
This inner portion of the gland contains modified neurons and secretes two
hormones with short term effects:
(1)Norepinepherine (noradrenaline)
(2)Epinepherine (adrenaline)
The Adrenal Medulla
Norepinepherine and epinepherine are classified as catecholamines.
It responses to stress by increasing HR, BP, blood flow (to heart & skeletal muscles), and
respiration rate. (sympathetic/fight responses)
They decrease digestive actions.
The Adrenal Cortex
This outer portion of the gland is
stimulated ACTH from the anterior
pituitary.
The results are long-lasting.
The Adrenal Cortex
The cortex secretes three types of hormones:
(1) Gonadocorticoids•Androgens•Estrogens
Secreted until puberty
The Adrenal Cortex
(2) Glucocorticoids
Cortisol – which regulates glucose metabolism and the immune system:
Promotes protein breakdown in muscle, amino acid uptake in liver (leads to
glucogenesis), and suppresses inflammation
The Adrenal Cortex
(3) Mineralcorticoids
Aldosterone : which regulates minerals - especially sodium and potassium
Influences kidney tubules in nephrons to conserve sodium ions (which promotes
water retention) and excretes potassium.
The Adrenal Cortex
Aldosterone is regulated by electrolyte conservation in body fluids and the renin
angiotension mechanism (RAM).
Adrenal Cortex DisordersHypersecretion:
EX - Cushing’s disease.
Ant. Pit. secretes excess ACTH and consequently the cortex secretes excess cortisol.
“Moon” faceAcne/skin infections
Buffalo hump (fat between shoulders)Fatigue
Adrenal Cortex Disorders
Adrenal Cortex DisordersHyposecretion:
EX: Addison’s Disease
Immune system does not allow cortex to secrete sufficient hormones.
Consequently, Na, K, and glucose levels are decreased.
BP decreasesSkin pigmentation increases (tanned
appearance)No treatment = death in a short time