Maintenance of Concrete Pavement · 2020. 1. 6. · incompressible materials . ... Pavement type,...
Transcript of Maintenance of Concrete Pavement · 2020. 1. 6. · incompressible materials . ... Pavement type,...
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Maintenance of Concrete Pavement
by Mike Mamlouk, ASU
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Overview
Concept of preventive
maintenance
Treatments
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PCC Slab
Subbase
Subgrade
Concrete Pavement
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Jointed Plane Concrete Pavement
12 to 20 ft
Transverse Joints
(with dowels)
Longitudinal Joint
(with tie bars)
PLAN VIEW
12 to 20 ft
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Traffic
Traffic
1
10
12 ft 15 ft 13 ft 14 ft
Example Variable Spacing and Skewed Joints
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Dowel Bars
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Typically Low
Budget
•Not enough to maintain current conditions
•Not enough to eliminate backlog
High Needs
Preventive Maintenance Could
be the Answer
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Preventive Maintenance
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Objective of Preventive Maintenance
Keep the pavement condition
above a level that would
require corrective
maintenance or other
strategies
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When should a pavement preventive maintenance treatment be applied?
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How much oil should a car burn before changing oil?
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Maintenance Types
Preventive
Corrective
Emergency
Pavem
en
t C
on
dit
ion
Time or Traffic
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Candidate for PM?
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Candidate for PM?
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Pumping
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Pumping
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Pumping
Travel
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Travel
Saturated support layer
Approach slab
Movement of fines
Fault
Wedge of “injected fines”
Faulting
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Faulting
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Functions of Maintenance Treatments
Seal joints and cracks
Preserve the pavement
system
Retard future deterioration
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Effective Preventive Maintenance
Good
Poor
Age
Co
nd
itio
n
$1.00 for
preventive
maintenance here
is 4 to 5 times
more cost-
effective than
here
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Pavement Condition
Time (Years)
Preventive Maintenance
Defer Action
Reconstruction
Good
Poor
When Should PM be Applied?
Rehab. .
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Maintenance Treatments
1. Joint and crack sealing
2. Retrofitting of dowels
3. Subsealing (undersealing)
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1. JOINT & CRACK SEALING
A routine maintenance activity
To prevent intrusion of
water
incompressible materials
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Warrants for Sealing
% failed sealants
Pavement type, pavement &
sealant condition & available fund
Rating numbers based on sealant
& pavement condition, traffic level
& climate
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Effect of Not Sealing
Water infiltration may cause:
Pumping
Faulting
Joint spalling/deterioration
Voids under slab
Corrosion of dowel and tie bars
Freeze-thaw slab deterioration
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Five Steps to Resealing
a. Removing the old sealant
b. Shaping the reservoir
c. Cleaning the reservoir
d. Installing the backer rod
e. Installing the sealant
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a. Old Sealant Removal
Manual
Sawing
Plowing
Cutting
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Manual
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Sawing
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Plowing
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Cutting
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b. Shaping Reservoir
After removing old sealant
Widen as necessary (routing)
Dislodge all old material
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Blade for Slight Widening
Old Sealant
Blade
Sawing out the old Sealant
0.4 in.
0.5 in.
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c. Cleaning
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d. Installing Backer Rod
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e. Sealing
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Sealant Materials
Thermoplastic materials
Hot-applied
Cold-applied
Thermosetting materials
Chemically cured
Solvent release
Preformed compression sealants
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1. Place filler
3. Place sealant
2. Place tape
separator
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Preformed Compression Sealant
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Lane/Shoulder Joint
1 in. or greater reservoir against asphalt
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Clean/Sandblast
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Seal
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Resealing Cracks
More difficult to:
Shape
Clean
Seal
Do not expect uniform reservoir
Same cleaning steps as joints
May use tape instead of backer rod
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Shape
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Clean / Seal
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Sealing Performance
Reduces pumping and creation
of voids
Preserves pavement condition
Extends pavement life
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Sealing Limitations
Limited to low severity cracks
Not recommended for cracks
extending across full lane
Routing may cause spalling
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2. DOWEL BAR RERPFITTING
Increasingly popular method
Installation of dowels to transfer load
Faulted transverse joints and cracks
Reduces further deterioration
Pumping and faulting
Spalling
Corner breaks
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Good Load Transfer
L = x U = 0
Poor Load Transfer
L = x U = x
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Main Operations
Cutting slots
Cleaning and preparing slots
Placing the dowel bars
Backfilling the slots
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Centerline
Dowel Slots
Line Up Slots Parallel to Centerline
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Saw cut
Dowel bar tube
1in. expansion
36 in. or as required
Full depth joint forming medium & dowel support
Side view
18 in.
End view
T
Clip chair
T/2
Dowel Bar Retrofit Layout
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Backfilling
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3. SUBSEALING (UNDERSEALING)
Filling voids under the slab
Stabilize slabs
Grind to restore ride quality
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Void Formation Under Slab at Joint
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Void Detection
Visual inspection
Proofrolling with heavy equipment
Deflection nondestructive testing
Radar or infrared testing
Epoxy and drilling method
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Visual Inspection
Faulted joints
Stains from pumping
Shoulder blow holes
Corner breaks
Large shoulder drop-offs
Depression areas
Look For:
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Static Deflection Testing
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Void Detection Using NDT
Dynamic Deflection Testing
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Grout Materials
Cement grout mixtures
Pozzolanic - cement grout (most common)
Limestone - cement grout
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Drilling Injection
Holes
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Automated Drill Rig
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Pumping Grout
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Starting Injection
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Example Grout Injection Pattern
1 2
3 4 5
Push any underlying water out toward shoulders
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Stop Injection When
The slab begins to rise
Grout no longer pumps below
the maximum allowable pressure
You see grout flowing up
through adjacent holes
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Checking Slab Lift
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Final Steps
Insert wooden plugs only if required
Perform post testing 24-48 hours
after stabilizing the slab
redo any slabs with high
deflections
consider replacing slab full-depth
after third injection
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Subsealing Performance
Increases structural integrity
Extends pavement life
Provides smooth ride
Reduces faulting progression
Reduces slab deflection
Reduces reflection cracking
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Alternative to Preventive Maintenance
Grinding
Major repair
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
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Grinding
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Major Repair
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Rehabilitation
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Reconstruction
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State-of-the-Practice
Pocket Guides
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