MA Malayalam syllabus - University of Calicut

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Fw.-F. ae-bmf `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw

(sk-a-Ã¿ kº-Zm-b-Øn-e-√m-Ø-Xv)

]mTy-]-≤Xn(2006 ]th-i\w apX¬)

© Reserved

3

M.A. Previous Examination(at the end of the first year)

Hours MarksPaper I Ancient and Medieval Literature 3 100

(]mNo\˛a-[y-Im-eo\-km-ln-Xyw)

Paper II Modern Literature 1 3 100

(B[p-\nIkm-ln-Xyw 1)

Paper III Kerala Culture 3 100

(tIcf kwkvImcw)

Paper IV Linguistics 3 100

(`mjm-imkvXw)

Paper V Any one of the following 3 100

(A) Pattu and Manipravala (]m´pw aWn]hmf-hpw)

(B) Ezhuthachan (Fgp-Ø-—≥)

(C) *Kunchan Nambiar (Ip©≥ \ºym¿)

(D) Attakkatha (B´°Y)

Paper VI Any one of the following 3 100

(A) *Romanticism (Imev]-\n-IX)

(B) C.V.Raman Pillai (kn.-hn.-cm-a≥ ]n≈)

(C) Influence of Nationalism in Malayalam Literature

(tZio-b-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬)

(D) Drama (\mS-Iw)

Paper VII Any one of the following 3 100(A) Kerala Culture before the Malayalam Era

(tIc-f-kw-kvImcw ae-bm-f-h¿jm-cw-`-Øn\p apºv)

(B) Scientific and Technical Tradition of Kerala

(tIc-f-Øns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI ]mcºcyw)

(C) Folklore and Art forms of Kerala

(t^mIvtemdpw tIc-fob Ie-Ifpw)

(D) *Modernisation of Kerala (tIc-f-Øns‚ B[p-\n-I-h¬°-cWw)

Paper VIII Any one of the following 3 100(A) Linguistics and Literary Studies

(`mjm-im-kvXhpw kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-chpw)

(B) Lexicography (\nL≠p hn⁄m\w)

(C) *Translation-Theory and Practice

(hnh¿Ø\w ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw)

(D) Comparative Dravidian (Zmhn-U-`mjm Xmc-Xayw)

[Total Marks for the M.A. Previous Exam. 800]

4

M.A. Final Examination(at the end of the second year)

Paper IX Modern Literature 2 (B[p-\nI -km-ln-Xyw 2) 3 100

Paper X Grammar (hymI-cWw) 3 100

Paper XI Literary Theories (km-ln-Xykn≤m-¥-ßƒ) 3 100Paper XII Subsidiary Subject: Sanskrit

(A\p-_-‘-I-hn-jbw : kwkvIr-Xw) 3 100Paper XIII Any one of the following 3 100

(A) Literary Criticism in Malayalam

(ae-bmf -km-ln-Xyhna¿i\w)

(B) Modern Poetry (B[p-\nI IhnX)

(C) *Media and Literature (am[y-a-ßfpw kmln-Xyhpw)

Paper XIV Any one of the following 3 100(A) Malayalam grammatical Theories

(ae-bmf hymI-c-W-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ)

(B) *History of Malayalam Language (ae-bmf `mjm-N-cnXw)

(C) Language planning (`mjm-kq-XWw)

Paper XV Any one of the following 3 100

(A) *Comparative Literature (Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw)

(B) Critical Study of Bhashabhooshanam

(`mjm-`q-jWw ˛ hna¿im-flI ]T\w)

(C) Aristotle's Theory of Drama

(Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ \mS-I-kn-≤m¥w)

Paper XVI Subsidiary Subject - Sanskrit

(A\p-_-‘I hnjbw ˛ kwkvIrXw)

Paper XVII Language, Literature and Culture 3 150

(`mj, -km-ln-Xyw, kwkvImcw)

[Paper XVII is substituted for the dissertation (100 marks) and Viva-Voce (50 marks) ofthe M.A. Malayalam, Semester Scheme]

* SDE offers study materials and contact class for these optional papers.

Total marks for M.A. Final Examination - 950

Total marks for the M.A Degree Examination:

M.A Previous 800 + M.A. Final 950 = 1750

Note: With regard to the pass minimum for each paper, pass requirement of the course,classification of results, ranking and supplementary examination for failedcandidates the existing guidelines and regulations of the University of Calicut will beapplicable.

5

t]∏¿ 1 ˛ ]mNo\ a≤y-Im-eo\ kmlnXyw

(Paper I - Ancient and Medieval Literature)

bqWn‰v H∂v: ]m´p kmlnXyw

]mńs‚ e£Ww ˛ ][m-\-s∏´ ]m´p-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ ]m´p-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mjbpw kmln-Xy-hpw ˛

]mń\v ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠mb hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßƒ mjm-]-chpw kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-hpw \ncWw

Ihn-I-fpsS kw`m-h\ ˛ cma-I-Y-∏m´v sX°≥]mt´m ]m´p-]-ÿm-\-Ir-Xntbm ? Cu IrXn-bpsS

`mjm kz`m-hhpw kmlnXy kzcq-]-hpw, IrjvW-Km-Y, \mtSm-Sn-∏m-´p-Iƒ, hn`-P-\hpw ssh]p-

eyhpw ˛ sX°≥ ]m´v, hS-°≥ ]m´v, tXm‰w ]m´v, am∏n-f-∏m´v XpS-ßnb hn`-P\w ˛ ]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-

j-b-Ihpw cq]-]-chpw kmln-Xy-hn-j-b-I-hp-amb khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

]mTy-`mKßƒ

1. cma-N-cnXw 66˛mw hrØw, Cµ-Pn-√-£va-W-bp≤w

2. Xncp-\n-g¬am-e, JWvUw H∂n¬ 15 ˛ Bd-∑pf Kma-h¿Æ\w ˛ BZysØ 13 CucSn˛""sXfp-sX-

f-∏p-Iƒ'' F∂ `mKw apX¬ ""\Sp-°n-h-∂-Sp-°p-taSw'' F∂ `mKw hsc.

3. IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw kpµ-c-ImWvUw ˛ BZysØ ]Øv ]m´v

4. cma-I-Y-∏m´v ˛ _me-ImWvUw H∂mw hrØw

5. IrjvW-KmY ˛ kp`-Zm-l-cWw

bqWn‰v c≠v : a≤y-Ime ]m´p-km-lnXyw

Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ ImeØv ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ kmln-Xy-[m-c-Ifpw Ah-bpsS khn-

ti-j-X-Ifpw 16˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIc-fob kaq-lw, kmaq-lnI kwkvIm-cnI ]cn-tXm-h-ÿ-Iƒ

˛ PmXn kº-Zm-bw, `c-W-coXn F∂n-h-bpsS ]Xn-^-e\w kmln-Xy-Øn¬ -˛ Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm\w

: `mjbv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ kw`mh\ ˛ Xp©s‚ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v D]-Po-hy-K-

Ÿ-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `‡nbpw kmln-Xy-I-ebpw. Xp≈¬, h©n-∏m-´v, ]m\

F∂o kmlnXy ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS kz`m-hhpw ssh]p-eyhpw ˛ \ºym¿, cma-]p-cØp hmcn-b¿,

]q¥m\w F∂n-h-cpsS kw`m-h\ ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse Io¿Ø\ kmln-Xyw.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. A≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m´v ˛ kpµ-c-ImWvUw

2. `mcXw Infn-∏m´v ˛ òjva-]¿hw

3. IncmXw Xp≈¬

4. IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m´v

5. ⁄m\-∏m\

bqWn‰v aq∂v : ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmfw

aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ D¬∏-Øn, e£-Ww, ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kz`m-hw, Nºp-

°ƒ, ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ, kvtXmX-ßƒ, \mbnIm h¿Æ\w XpS-ßnb hn`m-K-ßƒ, eoem-Xn-e-

Ihpw aWn-]-hmf kmln-Xyhpw

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. DÆn-bmSn NcnXw (KZyw 18 hsc)

2. sshin-I-X¥w BZysØ 25 t«mIw

3. DÆp-\oen ktµiw ]q¿∆-`mKw (]o-Tn-I-bpƒs∏-sS)

4. sNdn-b®n

5. Ntµm-’hw ˛ 5˛mw `mK-Ønse BZysØ 25 t«mIw

6

bqWn‰v \mev : a≤y-Ime aWn-]-hmfw

`mjm-N-ºp-°fpw Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw

]mNo\ Nºp-°fpw ˛ a≤y-Ime Nºp-°fpw ˛ Nºp-°-fnse kmaq-lnI hna¿i\w. B´-°Y

IY-I-fn-bpsS kmln-Xyw ˛ B´-°Ym kmln-Xy-Øns‚ D¬∏-Ønbpw hf¿®bpw ˛ tIm´-bw,

DÆm-bn, Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn F∂n-h-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ. ][m-\-s∏´ a‰v B´-°-Ym-Im-c≥amcpw Ah-

cpsS IrXn-I-fpw.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. `mjm-cm-am-bWw Nºp ˛ DZym-\-]-thiw

2. \f-N-cnXw B´-°Y ˛ \memw Znhkw

bqWn‰v A©v : ]mNo\ `mjm-KZyw

ae-bmfKZy-Øn-s‚bpw KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw DXv]-Ønbpw hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßfpw imk-

\-`m-j, IuS-eob `mj, IqSn-bm-´-K-Zyw, ]pcm-W-I-Ym-Jym-\-ßƒ ˛ hymJym-\-ßƒ ˛ anj-\dn ae-

bmfKZyw F∂n-ßs\ KZy-Øns‚ hnhn-[ amXr-I-Iƒ hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´n-cn-°-Ww. PqX-

im-k-\w, `mjm IuS-eo-b-Ønse koXm-≤y£ ]I-c-Ww, A¶p-eo-bm¶w ]pd-∏mSv B´-]-Imcw,

ambm-ko-Xm¶w Ia-Zo-]n-I, A¶p-eo-bm¶w \ºym¿X-an-gv, `qX-hmIyw \mSI KZy-Ønse ]kvXm-h-

\, _“m-WvU-]p-cmWw, KZyw tImk-e-cm-P-bp-≤-k-∂m-l-]-cy-¥w, Aw_-co-tjm-]m-Jym\w KZyw

F∂o ]mNo-\- mjm KZy-am-Xr-I-I-fp-sSbpw h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvX-I-Øn-s‚bpw (B-ZysØ c≠p ]Zw)

`mjm-km-ln-Xy-kz-`mhw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww. hni-Z-]-T\w Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√ F∂-Xn-

\m¬ KZy-`m-K-ßƒ hymJym-\n-°m≥ tNmZyw D≠m-h-cp-Xv. KZy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v

Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ kam-lm-cw.

1. ]mNo-\-`m-jm-K-Zy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ, kwtim-[nX kwkvI-cWw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

(Im-en-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n sk≥S¬ tIm˛-Hm-∏-td-‰ohv tÃmgvkv)

2. h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvXIw ˛ BZysØ c≠p ]Zw

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw hmfyw 1, 2, 3 ˛ alm-Ihn D≈q¿

2. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ FUn. tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

3. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

4. hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bme ˛ Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

5. \ncWw ]m´p-I-hn-Iƒ ˛ tUm. tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

6. cma-N-cn-Xhpw ]m´p-am-Xr-I-Ifpw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

7. ae-bmf IhnXm kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn

8. Ip©≥ \ºym¿ : hm°pw kaq-lhpw ˛ tUm. sI.-F≥. KtWiv

9. ]Zy-cXv\w Dt]m-ZvLmXw ˛ tUm. ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

10. eoem XneIw H∂mw inev]w

11. IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw bp≤-ImWvUw Dt]m-ZvLmXw ˛ tUm. ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥

12. IY-Ifn hn⁄m-\-tImiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

13. `mjm-N-ºp-°ƒ ˛ alm-Ihn D≈q¿

14. B´-°Y ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

15. tIc-f-`m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ Cf-¶pfw Ip™≥]n≈

16. c≠p ]mNo\ KZy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ kvIdnb kJ-dnb

17. anj-\dn ae-bm-f-K-Zy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ˛ tUm. kmap-h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n

18. h¿Ø-am-\-∏p-kvX-I-Øn\v Hc-h-Xm-cnI ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\pÆn kmap-

h¬ Nµ-\-∏≈n

19. Early Manippravala - A study - Dr. K. Ramachandran Nair

7

t]∏¿ c≠v ˛ B[p-\nI kmlnXyw I(Paper II - Modern Literature 1)

B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS DZbw apX¬ 1950˛Iƒ hsc-bp≈ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn-\p-

≠mb hnIm-khpw ]cn-Wm-a-hp-amWv Cu t]∏-dn\p hnj-bw. kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw

\ntbm-¢m- n- -Øn-s‚bpw ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬ \n∂p th¿s]´v ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fp-sSbpw

B[p-\nI hn⁄m-\-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-Øn\p hiw-h-Z-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ ]pXnb

cq]-ßfpw Bi-b-ßfpw kmln-Xy-K-Xnsb F]-Imcw \nb-¥n®p F∂v hnth-Nn-®-dn-b-Ww.

]o -sdm-am‚n-kn-kw, sdmam‚n-knkw, knw_-enkw, anÃn-kn-kw, dnb-en-kw, ]ptcm-K-a-\-km-lnXyw

XpS-ßnb ]ÿm-\-ßƒ Ihn-X, t\mh¬ apX-emb kmln-Xy-im-J-I-fpsS cq]-Ønepw mh-Ønepw

hcp-Ønb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS cmjvSob kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI NcnX ]›m-Ø-e-

ßfpw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°-Ww. D]-\ym-kw, lmky-km-ln-Xyw, Poh-N-cn-Xw, Bfl-I-Y, bmXm-

hn-h-cWw F∂o kmln-Xy-im-J-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Ahbnse ][m-\-Ir-Xn--I-sf-°p-dn®pw kmam\y

⁄m\w kºm-Zn-°-Ww.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

bqWn‰v H∂v : IhnX

1. Kma-hr-£-Ønse Ipbn¬ ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

2. A—\pw aIfpw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

3. Hcp ag-Øp≈n ˛ D≈q¿

4. a\-kzn\n ˛ Nß-ºpg

5. ]mW-\m¿ ˛ Pn. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v

bqWn‰v c≠v : t\mh¬

1. Cµp-teJ ˛ H. N¥p-ta-t\m≥

2. cmP-a-cm-Pm-_-l-Zq¿ ˛ kn.-hn. cma≥]n≈

3. sNΩo≥ ˛ XIgn

4. ‚p∏q∏ms°m-cm-t\-≠m¿∂v ˛ _jo¿

5. DΩm®p ˛ Ddq_v

bqWn‰v aq∂v : sNdp-IY

thß-bn¬ Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb-¿, kn.-F-kv. tKm]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿, AºmSn \mcm-b-W-s∏m-Xp-hmƒ,

Fw.-B¿.-sI.-kn, sI. kpIp-am-c≥ XpS-ßnb BZy-Im-e-I-Ym-Im-c≥am-cpsS cN-\-I-sf-∏‰n hnZym¿∞n-

Iƒ kmam\y ⁄m\w t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ.

1. \Zo-Xo-c-Øn¬ ˛ Fkv.-sI. s]ms‰-°mSv

2. tamXncw ˛ Imcq¿

3. tNme-a-c-ßƒ ˛ sI. kc-kz-Xn-bΩ

4. hm\-]ÿw ˛ Fw.Sn

5. £pc-ky-[mc ˛ kn.-hn. iocm-a≥

bqWn‰v \mev : \mSIw

kwkvIrX \mS-I-]-cn- m-j-Iƒ, kwKoX \mS-I-ßƒ, ]l-k-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw XpS¿∂v

ae-bmf \mSI kmln-Xy-Øn-\p-≠mb hf¿®-sb-°p-dn®pw kmam-\y-ambn Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww. hni-

Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ \mS-I-ßƒ.

1. 1128¬ ssIw 27 ˛ kn.-sP. tXmakv

2. e¶m-e£van ˛ kn.-F≥. ioI-WvT≥ \mb¿

3. kvt\l-Zq-X≥ ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

bqWn‰v A©v : \ncq-]Ww

tIcfh¿Ω henbtImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥, A¥-∏m-bn, kztZ-im- n-am-\n cma-

8

Ir-jvW-∏n-≈, Fw.-]n. t]mƒ, Ip‰n-∏pg kn.-F-kv. \mb¿ XpS-ßnb BZy-Ime hna¿i-I-cpsS kw`m-

h-\-I-sf-∏‰n kmam-\y-⁄m\w t\Sn-b-Xn\p tijw hni-Z-ambn Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ ]_-‘-ßƒ ]Tn-

°-Ww.

1. tIc-f-I-e-Ifpw ^yq®-dn-khpw : F. _me-Ir-jvW∏n≈ (tI-k-cn-bpsS hna¿i-\-ßƒ)

2. CXn-lmk IYm-]m-X-ßƒ : Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv (Z¥-tKm-]pcw)

3. hf¿® sN∂ HscmØ a\p-jy≥ : ap≠-t»cn (a\p-jy-I-Ym-\p-Km-bn-Iƒ)

4. Nß-ºpg : Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿ (sX-c-s™-SpØ ]_-‘-ßƒ)

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿

2. ae-bmf IhnXmkmln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

3. hnknbpw Imev]-\nI Ihn-Xbpw ˛ sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

4. kmln-Xy-k-a-c-ßƒ ˛ sI. `mkvI-c-∏n≈

5. ae-bmf \mS-I-km-lnXy NcnXw ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

6. PnbpsS Imhy-Po-hnXw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

7. i¶-c-°p-dp∏v hna¿in-°-s∏-Sp∂p ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv

8. Nß-ºpg ˛ Hcp ]T\w ˛ sI.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

9. Nß-ºpg ˛ \£-X-ß-fpsS kvt\l-`m-P\w ˛ Fw.-sI. km\p

10. CXm Hcp Ihn ˛ ]km. CS-t»cn ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, sIm®n

11. h¿Æ-cmPn ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

12. IhnX hgn-Øn-cn-hn¬ ˛ sI.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W-∏n≈

13. t\mh¬ kmlnXyw ˛ Fw.-]n. t]mƒ

14. BZy-Ime ae-bmf t\mh¬ ˛ tPm¿Pv Ccp-ºbw

15. ]Xy-£-h¬°-cWw t\mh-en¬ ˛ hnem-kn\n

16. Imhy-Ie Ipam-c-\m-im-\n-eqsS ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

17. h≈-tØmƒ ˛ \h-bp-K-Øns‚ Ihn ˛ Xmbm´v i¶-c≥

18. N¥p-ta-t\m≥ Hcp ]T\w ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

19. t\mh¬ kn≤nbpw km[-\bpw ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

20. t\mh-’z-cq]w ˛ sI. kptc-µ≥

21. Ncn-X-t\m-h¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ Iev]‰ _me-Ir-jvW≥

22. ssZh-\o-Xnbv°v Zm£n-Wy-an√ ˛ tUm. sI. `mkv°-c≥ \mb¿

23. ]Xn-]mXw `mj-W-t`Zw ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

24. sNdp-IYm ]ÿm\w ˛ Fw.-]n. t]mƒ

25. sNdp-IY C∂-se, C∂v ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥

26. Imcq¿ IYm-]-T\w ˛ kºm. Fw.-Fw. _jo¿

27. Db-cp∂ bh-\nI ˛ kn.-sP. tXmakv

28. ]ptcm-K-a\ kmln-Xy -]-ÿm\w ˛ ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

\ngepw shfn-®hpw

29. tIc-f-Ønse ]ptcm-K-a\ kmlnXy

]ÿm-\-Øns‚ NcnXw ˛ Fw. B¿. Nµ-ti-J-c≥

30. ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv

31. ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w ˛ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥ ]n≈

32. tIk-cn-bpsS hna¿iw ˛ Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿

33. amcmcpw ae-bmf kmln-Xy-hn-a¿i-\hpw ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿

34. amcm¿ : hna¿i-\-Ønse i‡n-tKm-]pcw ˛ Fw.-Sn. kpteJ

35. ap≠-t»-cnbpw ae-bm-f-\n-cq-]-Whpw ˛ tUm. sI.-Fw. tXmakv

36. Poh-N-cn-X-km-lnXyw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ tUm. \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

37. D]-\ymk kmlnXyw ˛ Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xncn

38. \mS-I-Z¿i\w ˛ F.-]n.-]n. \ºq-Xncn(]n.-sI._tZgvkv,tImgn-t°m-Sv)

9

39. kRvP-b\pw kRvP-b-km-ln-Xyhpw ˛ tUm. C. k¿Zm¿Ip´n

40. Ipe-]-Xn-Iƒ ˛ sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

(I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

41. lmkyw t\mh¬ inev]-Øn¬ ˛ Fkv.-hn. thWp-tKm-]≥ \mb¿

(am-fp-_≥ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

42. ae-bmf sNdp-I-Ym-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ tUm.-Fw.Fw. _jo¿

43. ae-bmf t\mh¬ kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥

44. B[p-\nI ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cnXw

]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ FUn. tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

t]∏¿ ˛ 111 tIcf kwkvImcw

(Paper III - Kerala Culture)

e`y-amb hkvXp-X-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ tIc-fo-b-cpsS kmwkvIm-cnI NcnXw ]Tn-°m\pw ]Tn-

∏n-°m-\p-ap-X-Ip∂ hn[w ]mTy-]-≤Xn ]p\x-kw-hn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.

]mTy-]-≤Xn ]Im-c-ap≈ `mK-ßƒ ]Tn®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ tIc-fo-b-cpsS ]q¿∆-Ime ˛ ka-Ime

kwkvIr-Xn-sb-°p-dn®p khn-ti-j-⁄m\w hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-≠m-hWw. Cu ImgvN-∏m-tSmSp IqSn

thWw ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

]mTy-]-≤Xn

bqWn‰v H∂v

1. tIcf kwkvIm-c-N-cnX cN\ : ]iv\-ßfpw kao-]-\hpw ˛ kmwkvIm-cnI Ncn-X-Øns‚

]k‡n

2. D]m-Zm\ kmaKn : alm-in-em-kvam-c-I-ßƒ, ]g-¥-an-gv]m-´p-Iƒ, inem-en-Jn-X-ßƒ, \mW-b-ßƒ,

sNt∏-Sp-Iƒ, tImhn-eIw ˛ Xd-hm´p ˛ t£X-tc-J-Iƒ, hntZ-in-I-fpsS hnh-c-Whpw Ipdn-∏p-I-

fpw.

3. kwL-Ime tIcfw ˛ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI cmjvSob aX-]-c-Po-hnX Ia-ßƒ

4. BZn-a-\n-hm-kn-Ifpw tIc-fhpw : Pohn-X-co-Xn, Ie, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ ˛ BZn-hm-kn-Ifpw

IpSn-tb-‰hpw

bqWn‰v c≠v

1. tIc-f-Ønse Zmb-I-a-ßƒ ˛ a°-Øm-bw, acp-a-°-Ømbw ˛ DZv`h hnIm-k-ßƒ ˛ acp-a-°m-

b-Øns‚ XI¿® ˛ Imc-W-ßƒ ˛ Zmb-Iaw C∂v.

2. PmXn-hy-hÿ ˛ D¤-h-N-cnXw ˛ PmXnbpw sXmgnepw ˛ PmXn-Ifpw D]-Pm-Xn-Ifpw ˛ PmXn-hy-h-

ÿ-bpsS XI¿®.

3. P∑n-k-º-Zmbw ˛ D¤h NcnXw ˛ \mSp-hm-gn-I-fp-sSbpw \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cp-sSbpw ]m_eyw ˛

t£X tIµo-IrX-kw-kvImcw ˛ P∑n kº-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]X\w.

4. ]mNo\ tIc-f-Ønse h¿Ø-I-kw-L-ßƒ hntZi kº¿°w sIm≠v tIc-f-Øn\v ssIh∂

kmwkvIm-cn-Im- n-hr-≤n.

bqWn‰v aq∂v

1. ]mNo\ tIc-f-Ønse hnZym-`ymkw ˛ ime-Iƒ ˛ ]T-\-hn-j-b-ßƒ ˛ kvXo hnZym-`ym-kw

2. htc-Wy-h¿§-Øns‚ kmlnXyw ˛ t£XtIµo-IrX Ie-Ifpw, kmln-Xy-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

3. ]mNo\ tIc-f-Ønse aX-ßƒ ˛ _p≤-a-Xw, ssP\-aXw, InkvXpaXw, C…mw aXw ˛ tIc-f-

Ønse kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ _p≤-ssP-\-a-X-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w InkvXp-a-X-

Øns‚ ]Nm-cWw ˛ DZ-bw-t]-cq¿, kp∂l-tZmkv ˛ Iq\≥Ip-cnip kXyw ˛ tIc-f-Øn¬

C…mw aX-]-N-c-W-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-Øo¿∂ LS-I-ßƒ

4. _m“-W-a-X-Øns‚ ]Nmcw ˛ ssih-ssh-jvW-h-a-X-ßƒ ˛ t£X-kw-kvImcw ˛ h¿Æ-hy-

hÿ lnµp-aXw hnhn-[-a-X-ß-fpsS klh¿ØnXzw sIm≠v tIc-f-Øn¬ kw -hn® kmwkvIm-

cn-I-k-a-\z-bw.

10

bqWn‰v \mev

1. tIc-f-Ønse cmP-hw-i-ßƒ Ah-bpsS kmwkvIm-cnI kw`m-h-\-Iƒ kmwkvIm-cnI ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ

2. hntZ-i-kzm-[o\w ˛ t]m¿®q-Ko-kv, U®v, ^©v XpS-ßnb hntZi i‡n-Iƒ tIc-f-Øns‚

kmaq-lnI kmwkvImcnI cwK-ß-fn¬ hcp-Ønb Ne-\-ß-ƒ

3. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS Bcw`w ˛ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-k-Øns‚ XpS°w ˛ ]c-º-cm-K-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-

Øns‚ (Kp-cp-Ip-e-ß-fpsS) XI¿® ˛ amdp∂ hnZym-`ymk coXn.

4. anj-\-dn-am-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛ A®Sn tIc-f-Øn¬ ˛ ]X-]-h¿Ø\w

bqWn‰v A©v

1. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jv°-cW ]ÿm-\-ßƒ Fkv.-F≥.-Un.]n, F≥.-F-kv.-F-kv, \ºq-Xncn bph-P-

\-kw-L-S-\, km[p-P-\-]-cn-]m-e-\-tbmKw ˛ Ch hcp-Ønb kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒ.

2. ka-Ime tIcfw ˛ am[y-a-ßfpw kwkvIm-chpw

3. kvXo hnZym-`ymkw C∂v ˛ kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fn¬ kvXoI-fpsS ]¶m-fn-Øw.

4. Iem-e-b-ß-fn-sebpw k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fn-sebpw kmwkvIm-cnI ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ tIc-f-Øns‚

amdp∂ apJw.

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. sIm®n cmPy-N-cnXw ˛ sI.-]n. ]fl-\m-`-ta-t\m≥

2. a¥n-k-º-Zmbw tIc-f-Øn¬ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

3. Nne tIcf NcnX ]iv\-ßƒ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

4. tIcf Ncn-X-Ønse Ccp-f-S™ GSp-Iƒ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

5. A∂sØ tIcfw ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

6. DÆp-\oen ktµiw Ncn-X-ZrjvSnbn¬ IqSn ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈

7. tIc-f-N-cnXw ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, cmP≥ Kpcp-°ƒ

8. tIc-fo-bX Ncn-X-am-\-ßƒ ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

9. hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bme -˛

10. PmXn hyh-ÿn-Xnbpw tIc-f-N-cn-Xhpw ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

11. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

12. C_v\p-_-ØqØ I≠ tIcfw ˛ them-bp-[≥ ]Wn-°-t»cn

13. k©m-cn-Iƒ I≠ tIcfw ˛ skbvXp apl-ΩZv

14. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIcfw ˛ `mkvI-c-\pÆn

15. tIc-f-N-cnXw ˛ tIc-f- ln-Ãdn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥

16. Ipe-ti-Jc \mS-I-ßfpw tIc-f-N-cn-Xhpw ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿

17. tIcfw ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS amXr-`qan ˛ C.-Fw.-F-kv. \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

18. tIcf kzmX-¥y-k-acw ˛ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿

19. tIcf kwkvImcw ˛ F. io[-c-ta-t\m≥

20. tIcf ]X-]-h¿Ø-\-N-cnXw ˛ ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥

21. t^mIvtem¿ ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

22. tIc-f-kw-KoXw ˛ hn. am[-h≥ \mb¿

23 Malabar Manual - William Logan24 Kerala District Gazetters - A. Sreedhara Menon25 Foreign Notices of South India - K. Neelakanda Sastri26 Cultural Symbiosis in Kerala - M.G.S. Narayanan27 Kerala and Her People - L.A. Krishna Iyer28 The Zamorins of Calicut - K.V. Krishna Iyer29 Contribution to Kerala to Sanskrit

Literature - K. Kunjunni Raja30 Tamil Heroic Poetry - K. Kailasapathi

11

31 Cera Kings of the Sangam Age - K.G. Sesha Iyer32 Folk Plays and Dances of Kerala - M.D. Raghavan33 Personality of Kerala - A. Ayyappan34 Pre-Dravidian - L.A. Krishna Iyer35 Castes and Tribes of Cochin - L.A. Anantha Krishan Iyer36 tIc-f-N-cnXw ˛ Sn.-sI. KwKm-[-c≥ (Im-en-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n

sk≥S¬ tIm˛-Hm-∏-td-‰ohv tÃmgvkv)

t]∏¿ 4 ˛ `mjmimkvXw

(Paper IV Linguistics)bqWn‰v H∂v : kmam-\y-X-Xz-ßƒ

1. `mj : \n¿∆-N\w ˛ `mjm imkvXw F∂m¬ F¥v

2. `mjbpw `mj-Whpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ

3. `mjsb B\p-hw-in-Ihpw (geneological) I£ym-]-chpw (typological) Bbn h¿Ko-I-cn-°p-∂-

Xns‚ XØzw ˛ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ

4. kz\w apX¬ A¿Yw hsc : kz\ ]Inb (Phonology) hymI-cWw (grammar) tImiw (lexicon)A¿Yw (Semantics) hymI-c-W-hn-Nm-c-Øn¬ cq]-hn-⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw (morphology) hmIy-hn-⁄m-

\-Øn-s‚bpw (Syntax) ]k‡n

5. `mjm-]-K-Y-\-co-Xn-Iƒ : GI-Im-enIw (synchronic), _lp-Im-enIw (diachronic) hy‡n-tc-Im-flIw

(contrastive)6. `mjbpw a\p-jy-hy-‡n-bpsS hf¿®bpw ˛ inip-`mj ˛ hnhn[ L´-ßƒ

bqWn-‰v c≠v : kz\-hn-⁄m-\hpw (Phonetics) kz\n-a-hn-⁄m-\hpw (Phonemics)

1. ap∂pƒ∏n-cn-hp-Iƒ : ih-Wm-kv]Zw (auditory), kz\-`u-Xn-Iw (acoustic), Ah-b-hm-kv]Zw

(articulatory)2. kz\w (Phone) : \n¿h-N\w ˛ `mj-W-]Yw (Speech tract) : hnh-c-Ww, `mj-tWm¬]m-Z\w

kzchpw hyRvP-\hpw˛ Ah-bpsS h¿Ko-I-c-Ww, am\-kz-c-ßƒ (cardinal vowels), en\-[z-\n-I-ƒ

(suprasegmental features)3. kz\naw (Phoneme): \n¿h-N-\-ßƒ

4. hyXybw (contrast) ]qc-IXzw (complementation) D]-kz\w (allophone)5. ae-bm-f-Ønse kz\n-a-ßƒ

6. A£cw (syllable) A£-c-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hnhn[ kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

bqWn‰v aq∂v : cq]n-a-hn-⁄m-\hpw (morphology) hmIy-hn-⁄m-\hpw (Syntax)

1. cq]naw (morpheme) \n¿h-N\w, \n¿W-b-co-Xn-Iƒ

2. D]-cq-]-ßƒ (allomorphs) : kz\n-am-[n-jvTn-Xw (Phonologically conditioned) cq]n-am-[n-jvTnXw

(morphologically conditioned)3. cq]n-a-ß-fpsS Xc-t`Zw : [mXp (root), ]Ir-Xn (stem), ]Xybw (affix) ˛ ]Zw (word)4. ]Xy-b-hn-`m-K-ßƒ : ]pcx-]-Xybw (prefix) ]c-]-Xy-bw (suffix), A¥x-]-Xybw (infix)5. cq]-kn≤n (inflexion) \njv]m-Z\w (derivation) ˛ Ch XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ

6. hmIy-hn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

7. LS-\m-flI kao-]\w (structural approach)8. ]P-\I (generative) kao-]\w ˛ hnhn[ coXn-Iƒ

9. ae-bm-f-Ønse hmIy-co-Xn-Iƒ (sentence types)

bqWn‰v \mev : `mjm-t`Z hn⁄m-\hpw (dialectology) kw]-P-\-\hpw (convergence)

1. `mj-bn-ep≈ hyXym-kßƒ : Imew, tZiw, kaq-l-ÿn-Xn, hy‡n-`m-j (idiolect), `mjm-t`-Zw

(dialect), `mj (langauge)2. am\-Iw (standard), am\-tI-Xcw (non-standard) `mj-bnse ]mtZ-in-Ihpw (regional) kmaq-ln-I-

hp-amb hyXym-k-ßƒ

12

3. ka-`m-jmwi koam-tc-J (isogloss) `mjm-t`Z `q]Sw (dialect map) \n¿Ωn-°p∂ coXn, `q]-S-

Ønse taJ-e-Iƒ : tIµ-ta-Je (focal area), Ah-in-jvS-ta-J-e (relic area), kwI-a-W-ta-Je

(transition area)4. kmaq-lnI `mjm-imkvXw (sociolinguistics) ]k-‡nbpw e£yhpw

5. `mjm-kw-]-P-\-\hpw mjm-t£-Xhpw (linguistic area) C¥y F∂ mjm imkvX-Øns‚ khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ

bqWn‰v A©v : _lp-Im-enI `mjm-imkvXw (diachronic linguistics)1. `mjm-]-cn-Wma coXn-Iƒ ˛ kz\n-aw, A¿Yw Cßs\ F√m-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ

2. `mjm-]-cn-Wm-a-tl-Xp-°ƒ˛kz\-]-cn-Wmaw (sound change), BZm\w (borrowing) kZr-i-I-ev]\

(analogy)3. kz\-\n-b-a-ßƒ (phonetic laws) Ah-bv°p-≠m-Ip∂ A]-hm-Z-ßƒ ˛ BZm\w sIm≠pw kZr-

i-I-ev]\ sIm≠pw

4. IpSpw_ hr£w (Family tree) Xcw-K-kn-≤m¥w (wave theory)5. ]p\x-krjvSn (reconstruction), B¥-cnI ]p\x-kr-jvSn (Internal reconstruction), _mly-]p-\x-krjvSn

(external reconstruction)klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. B[p-\nI `mjm-imkvXw ˛ sI.-Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

2. `mjm-K-th-jWw ˛ sI. Ip©p-Æn-cmPm

3. kz\-hn-⁄m\w ˛ hn. B¿. ]t_m-[-N-µ≥ \mb¿

4. kz\n-a-hn-⁄m\w ˛ sI. Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

5. hmIy-L-S\ ˛ C.-hn.-F≥. \ºq-Xncn

6. t\mwtNmwkvIn ˛ thWp-tKm-]m-e-]-Wn-°¿

7. `mjm-t`-Z-hn-⁄m\w ˛ tkma-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿

8. kmaq-lnI `mjm-imkvXw ˛ Djm \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

9. Historical Linguistics - An introduction - W.P. Lehman10 Linguistics - David Crystal11. Collected Papers - Emeneau12 Aspects of Language - D. Bohinger -13 A Course in Modern Linguistics - C.F. Hockett14 Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics - J. Lyons15 An Introduction to Descriptive

Linguistics - Gleasen16 Language - L. Bloomfield17 Modern Linguistics - S.K. Verma & Krishnamurti18 Socio Linguistics - Peter Frudgill

Paper V - Optional Subject - (A) Pattu and Manipravalat]∏¿ 5 ˛ sF—n-I-hn-jbw (F) ]m´pw aWn-]-hm-fhpw

ae-bmfw ]tXy-I-`m-j-bmbn cq]-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bmb kml-N-cy-ßƒ ˛ imk-\-ßƒ, B´-]-Im-c-

ßƒ F∂n-h-bn-eqsS enJn-X-`m-jbpw XpS¿∂v kmln-Xy-`m-jbpw D≠m-hp-∂p. kwkvIr-Xw, Xangv

F∂o kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS XW-en¬ ae-bm-f-Øn\v kmlnXyw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-°p-∂p. ]mNo\ tIc-

fob kaq-l-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp-≠m-Ip∂ Xc-Øn-em-hWw

C°m-cy-ß-fpsS A≤y-b\w \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

bqWn‰v H∂v :

]m´p kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ]mNo-\-Zi, ]m´v, aWn-]-hmfw F∂o ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS kmam\y ]cn-

Nbpw ˛ Ch-bpsS cq]-]-c-ambpw `mh-]-c-am-bp-ap≈ A¥cw ˛ eoem Xne-I-Ønse \n¿∆-N-\-

ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw ]m´n-t‚bpw aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-t‚bpw DZv -h-Øn\pw hf¿®bv°pw \nZm-

\-amb hkvXp-°ƒ.

13

]mTy- mKw : eoem-Xn-eIw H∂mw inev]-Ønse ]mń-s‚bpw aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-s‚bpw e£-W-ßfpw

hrØnbpw. Ip¥¬hm-Zhpw a‰pw Hgn-hm-°n-bmWv ]Tn-t°-≠-Xv.

bqWn‰v c≠v : ]mNo-\-]m-´p-km-ln-Xyw

]m´p-]-ÿm-\-Ønse BZy-Im-e-am-Xr-I-I-fp-ambn hnZym¿∞n°v ]cn-N-b-ap-≠m-hp-I-bmWv e£yw.

kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-I-]-Xn-_-≤X ]m´p-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Fßs\ \nd-th-‰p∂p F∂pw `mc-Xob

kmln-Xy-k-ºØv \m´p-`m-j-bn-eqsS Fßs\ ]I¿∂p \¬Ip∂p F∂pw hnZym¿∞n ]Tn-°-Ww.

]ucm-Wn-tI-X-c-amb ]Xn-hmZyw ]mń-∂p-]-bp-‡tam F∂v Xncp-\n-g¬ame ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn

]Tn-°-Ww. \ng¬°qØv F∂ Zriy-I-em-cq-]-ambn Xncp-\n-g¬am-esb IW-°m-°p-∂-Xn-∂-Sn-ÿm-

\-sa-s¥-∂-dn-b-Ww.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. cma-N-cnXw ˛ aWvtUm-Z-co-hn-em]w, 104, 105, 106 ]S-e-ßƒ

2. Xncp-\n-g¬ame ˛ JWvUw2, Xph-ep-gn-bepw \mIpdpw

3. cma-I-Y-∏m´v ˛ XmS-Im-h[w

bqWn‰v aq∂v : ]n¬°me ]m´p kmlnXyw

]mńs‚ cq]-Ønepw mj-bnepw ]ta-b-Ønepw D≠mb hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ßƒ \ncWw ]ÿm-

\hpw KmYbpw

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Ww, _me-ImWvUw ˛ BZysØ 25 ]m´v

2. `mc-X-ame iey-]¿hw ˛ BZysØ 20 ]m´v

3. `mjm `K-h-ZvKoX ˛ H∂m-a-≤ymbw

4. IrjvW-KmY ˛ IptN-e-k-ZvKXn

bqWn‰v \mev : ]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hmfw

kwkvIr-X-Ønse kmln-Xy-]-ÿm-\-ß-fp-ambn ae-bm-f-Øn-\p≈ IS-∏mSv ˛ Nºp-°fpw ktµ-i-

Im-hy-ßfpw kvtXmX-ßfpw ˛ aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ka-Ime kmap-Zm-bnI Pohn-X-Nn-XWw ˛

aWn-]-hm-f-I-hn-X-bn-se-A-fl-\n-jvT-Xbpw mh-]-c-X-bpw.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. DÆn-®n-cp-tX-hn-N-cnXw ˛ XpS°w apX¬ KZyw ]Øv Dƒs∏sS

2. DÆp-\o-en-k-tµiw ˛ DØ-c-`mKw BZysØ 25 t«mIw

3. tImI-k-tµiw ˛ BZysØ 25 t«mIw

bqWn-‰v A©v : ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmfw (Xp-S¿®)

aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ]ta-b-ssh-hn[yw ˛ irwKm-c-Im-hy-ßƒ, kvXoh¿Æ-\-Iƒ, tZi-N-cn-X-

ßƒ, kvtXmX-ßƒ apX-em-bh a[ym-Im-e-a-Wn-]-hm-f- km-ln-Xy-Øn\v ]mNo\ aWn-]-hm-fhpam-

bp≈ A¥-cw

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. a√n-\n-emhv

2. sN√q¿ \mY-kvXhw

3. A\-¥-]pc h¿Æ-\w

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw hmfyw 1, 2 ˛ D≈q¿

2. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ F.-Un. tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

3. cma-N-cnXw Hcp hna¿im-flI ]T\w ˛ ]n.-hn. IrjvW≥ \mb¿

4. cma-N-cn-Xhpw ]m´p amXr-I-Ifpw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

5. ]m´pw aWn-]-hm-fhpw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

6. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v alm-`m-c-X-Øn-te°v ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

7. IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Ww-, bp≤-Im-WvUw,

14

Dt]m-ZvLmXw ˛ tUm. ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥

8. ]Zy-c-Xv\w, Dt]m-ZvLmXw ˛ tUm. ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

9. aWn-]-hmf IhnX ˛ tUm. ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥ ]n≈

10. \ncWw ]m´p-I-hn-Iƒ ˛ tUm. tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

11. ae-bm-f-hna¿iw e°w 12 ˛ F.-Un. tUm.-F≥. tKm]n-\m-Y≥ \mb¿

12. DÆp-\oen ktµiw Ncn-X-Zr-jvSnbn-eqsS ˛ Cfw-Ipfw

13 Ramacaritam and the Study of EarlyMalayalam - Dr. K.M. George

14 Early Manipravala - A Study - Dr. K. Ramachandran Nair

Paper V - Optional Subject (B) Ezhuthachant]∏¿ 5 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (_n) Fgp-Ø-—≥

t]m¿´p-Ko-kp-Im-cpsS BK-a-\-Øn\p tijw tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ cmjvSo-b-cw-KØpw kaq-l-

Ønepw D≠mb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, hym]m-cm-`n-hr-≤n-bn-eqsS tIc-f-Øn-\p≠mb `uXn-I-]p-tcm-

KXn ˛ kXyw, [¿Ωw, \oXn F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂p-≠mb hyXn-N-e\w ˛ ka-Im-e-km-ln-Xy-Øn-ep-

≠mb hyXn-N-e\w ˛ ka-Im-e-km-ln-Xy-Øn-ep-≠mb Ch-bpsS ]Xn-^-e-\-ßƒ.

Fgp-Ø-—\p ap≥]pw At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-Ønepw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ kmln-Xy-

k-c-Wn-Ifpw Ah-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ˛ kmln-Xy-]p-tcm-K-Xn-°mbn CXn-hrØ kwkvI-c-W-

Ønepw Imhy-`m-j-bnepw Fgp-Ø-—≥ hcp-Ønb ]cn-jvIr-Xn-Iƒ.

ae-bm-f-Ønse `‡n ]ÿm\w ˛ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `‡n ˛ `-‡n°pw ⁄m\-Øn\pw Infn--∏m-

´n-ep≈ ÿm\w. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ kmln-Xy-Ie tIf-`m-jm-Km-\-ß-fmb Xp©s‚ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v

aqeIr-Xn-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛ ]k-‡-amb `mK-ßƒ aqe-Ir-Xn-bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn Fgp-

Ø-—s‚ `mjm kwt£-]W kz`mhw Kln-°-Ww.

Xp©s‚ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ°v cma-N-cn-X-tØmSpw \ncWw IrXn-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ IS-∏mSv ˛ Fgp-

Ø-—s‚ kzm[o\w ]nev°me `mj kmln-Xy-Øn¬ ˛ Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\-Øn\v ]nev°m-e-Øp-

≠mb A]-Nbw C∏-d™ Imcy-ßƒs°√mw ÿm\w \evIn-bp≈ ]T-\-amWv e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Xp©≥ IrXn-I-fpsS A≤y-b\w C°m-cy-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ :

bqWn‰v H∂v : `‡n

1. lcn-\m-a-Io¿Ø\w

bqWn‰v c≠v, aq∂v : Infn-∏m´v ˛ `‡nbpw ⁄m\hpw tam£-am¿§w

1. A≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw Infn-∏m´v ˛ Bc-Wy-ImWvUw

bqWn‰v \mev, A©v : D¬Ir-jvS-km-lnXy amXrI

1. alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m´v ˛ I¿Æ-]¿∆w

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ A≤ym-fl-cm-am-bWw˛Hcp ]T\w ˛ tUm. sI.-F≥. Fgp-Ø-—≥

2. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ FUn. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

3. Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—≥ ˛ kmln-Xy-]-©m-\-\≥ ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

4. tIc-f-kzm-X¥y kacw ˛ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿

5. Fgp-Ø-—≥ Ie ˛ ]n.-sI. _me-Ir-jvW≥

6. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ D≈q¿

7. Fgp-Ø-—≥ (sX-c-s™-SpØ ]_-‘-ßƒ) ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

8. Xp©≥ ]_-‘-ßƒ ˛ tIc-f-km-lnXy A°m-Zan

9. ae-bmf hna¿iw e°w 10 ˛ ae-bmf hn`m-Kw, Imen-°‰v k¿∆-I-em-ime

10. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p alm-`m-c-X-Øn-te°v ˛ Fw.-F≥. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿

15

11. Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ alm-`m-cXw

kwtim-[nX kwkvI-cWw ˛ ]n.-Fw. hnP-b≥, Id‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿

12 Ezhuthachan and His Age - Chelanat Achutha Menon

Part V - Optional Subject (C) Kunchan Nambiart]∏¿ 5 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (kn) Ip©≥ \ºym¿

bqWn‰v H∂v :

18˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIc-fob kaqlw ˛ cmjvSob kmaq-ln-I, kmwkvIm-cnI ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ ˛ `c-

W-kw-hn-[m\w ˛ \m´p-cm-Py-ß-fpsS ]X-\w. tIc-f-Ønse ¢mknIv Ie-Iƒ ˛ IqØv, IqSn-bm-´w,

IY-I-fn, \mS≥ Ie-Iƒ ˛ ]S-b-Wn, Xp≈¬ tIc-fob kwKoX ]mc-ºcyw ˛ Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS

kwKoX t_m[w, imkvXob kwKo-Xw, \mtSmSn Km\-coXn ˛ aq∂p-Xcw Xp≈-ep-Iƒ, Xp≈ƒIr-

Xn-I-fnse hrØ-ß-ƒ, cmK-ßƒ, Xmf-ßƒ, hmtZym-]-I-c-W-ßfpw thj-hn-[m-\hpw Xp≈¬°-e-

bn¬ Xp≈¬ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hni-Z-]-T\Øn\p≈ ]oTnI F∂ \ne-bn¬ C°m-cy-ßƒ A[y-

b\w \S-Øp-I-bmWv e£yw.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

Xp≈¬ IrXn-I-fnse ]ta-b-ßƒ˛CXn-lm-km-¥-co-£-Øn¬ \n∂v ka-Im-em-¥-co-£-Øn-te°v˛

CXn-lmk IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS tIc-fo-b-h-XvI-cWw ˛ ]pdw IY-Iƒ \ºym-cpsS BJym-\-Ie ˛

ae-bm-f-Ønse BJym\ ]mc-ºcyw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw ioX-¶≥ Xp≈¬

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS ^enX ]cn-lm-k-ßƒ ˛ IqØv, IqSn-bm´w, a[y-Im-e-N-ºp-°ƒ F∂n-h-tbm-

Sp≈ IS-∏m-Sv, kmaq-ly-hn-a¿i\w

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: tLmj-bmX

bqWn-‰v \mev :

Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS e£yw kmaq-lnI \ho-I-c-Ww, Xp≈¬ IrXn-I-fn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p∂ tIc-

fob kaqlw

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v: ]t©-tµm-]m-Jym\w

bqWn‰v A©v :

Ip©≥ \ºym-cpsS hy‡n PohnXw ˛ sFXn-ly-ßƒ˛\ºym-cpsS Ih-\-ssi-en. cma-]m-Wn-hm-

Z\pw Ip©≥ \ºymcpw˛Xp≈¬ IrXn-Iƒ°p ]pdta \ºym¿ cNn® IrXn-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ioIr-jvW-N-cnXw aWn-]-hm-fw, k¿§w ˛ 2

ioIr-jvWm-h-Xmcw, 72 t«mI-ßƒ

2. \f-N-cnXw Infn-∏m´v 3˛mw `mKw

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. Ip©≥ \ºym¿ ˛ hm°pw kaq-lhpw ˛ tUm. sI.-F≥. KtWiv

2. Ip©≥ \ºymcpw At±-l-Øns‚ Xp≈¬ IrXn-Ifpw ˛ tUm. hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω3. Xp≈¬ ˛ Hcp ]T\w ˛ tUm.- hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω4. \ºymcpw Xp≈¬ kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Ghq¿ ]c-ta-iz-c≥5. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ (Ed.) tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v6. Z£n-tW-¥y≥ kwKoXw ˛ F.-sI. cho-µ-\mYv7. \ºymcpw Xp≈-ep-Ifpw ˛ Ip∏-°m´p \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥8. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw hmfyw 3 ˛ D≈q¿9. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈10. Xp≈¬ ]ÿm\w, kwkvImctIZmcw ˛ Fkv.-sI. \mb¿11. kmln-Xyhpw lmky-c-khpw˛kmln-Xy-a-RvPp-jnI (c≠mw mKw)˛ hS-°pw-Iq¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

12. ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

16

Paper V - Optional Subject (D) Attakkathat]∏¿ 5 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (Un) B -°Y

bqWn‰v H∂v :

Zriy-Iem ]ÿm-\-amb IY-Ifn ˛ Hcp \rØ-cq]w ˛ \mSy-im-kvX-Ønse NXp¿hn-[m-`n-\bw ˛

IqSn-bm´w, b£-Km-\w, sXøw, IrjvW-\m-´w, ]pcm-X-\-amb \ng¬°qØv XpS-ßnb Zriy-I-em-cq-

]-ß-fp-ambn IY-I-fn-°p≈ _‘w ˛ IY-I-fn-bpsS D¤h]›m-Øew, IY-I-fn-bpsS ]cn-jvImcw

˛ sh´-Øv, I√-Sn-t°m-Sv, Iπo-tßm-S≥ kº-Zmbßƒ˛Ch-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ kmam-\y-]-T-\w. B´-°-

Ybpw IY-I-fnbpw ˛ \mS-Ihpw IY-I-fn-bp-ambn Zriym-hn-jv°-c-W-Øn-ep≈ hyXymkw ˛ cma-

\m´w

hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw : tXmc-W-bp≤w

bqWn‰v c≠v :

tIm´bw IY-I-sf-∏‰n kmam-\y-amb ]T\w ˛ kmln-Xy- w-Kn, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, ]mX-kr-jvSn, `mj A`n-\-

b-tbm-Ky-X, HuNn-Xy-t_m[w F∂n-h-bn¬ Du∂n-s°m≠v tIm´bw IY-I-fpsS kmam-\y-]-T-\w.

hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw : \nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h[w.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

DÆmbn hmcycpw B -°Ym kmln-Xy-hpw, CXc B -°-Y-I-fn¬ \n∂p \f-N-cn-X-Øn-\p≈ ta∑, kmln-

Xy-`w-Kn, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, `mj-bnepw ssien-bn-ep-ap≈ khn-ti-j-X, \mS-Io-bX F∂n-hbv°v Du∂¬

\¬In-s°m-≠p≈ hna¿im-flI ]T\w ˛ \f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-bpsS kmam\y ]T\w

hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw : \f-N-cnXw H∂mw Znhkw

bqWn‰v \mev :

]n¬°me B´-°-Ym-Im-c≥am¿ Infn-am-\q¿ tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm\pw Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºnbpw Ico-µ≥

Xºp-cm-s‚bpw Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bp-sSbpw B´-°-Y-I-fpsS kmam-\y-]-T-\w.

hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw : 1. cmh-W-hn-Pbw (cw-`m-]-thiw Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ `mKw)

2. DØ-cm-kz-bw-hcw

bqWn‰v A©v : B[p-\n-I-Im-esØ B´-°-Y-Iƒ

hn. IrjvW≥ Xºn, F≥.-hn. amen, Xpf-ko-h\w, Hf-∏-aÆ XpS-ßnb B´-°-Ym-Im-c≥am¿ ]gb

B´-°-Y-I-fn¬ \n∂v ]pXnb B´-°-Y-Iƒ°p≈ hyXymkw ˛ `mj, CXn-hr-Øw, IYm-L-S-\,

kmt¶-XnI hnj-b-ßƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ h∂ hyXymkw. CS-°m-eØv IY-Ifn ]ÿm-\-Øn-\p-≠mb

A]-N-bw, h≈-tØmfpw IY-I-fn-bpsS \thm-∞m-\hpw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v kmam-\y-]-T-\w.

hnti-j-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`mKw: 1. XmS-Im-h-[w, 2. I¿Æ-i-]Yw

(hn-ti-j-]-T-\-Øn\v \n¿t±-in® IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂p amXta hymJym-\n-°m-\p≈ tNmZy-ß-fp-≠m-

Im-hq) hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ a‰v B´-°-Y-Ifpw Ah-bpsS kmln-Xy-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fp-ambn ]cn-Nbw

t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww.

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ˛ D≈q¿

2. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ (P\. FUn.) tUm. sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

3. IY-Ifn ˛ Pn. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈

4. IY-I-fn-cwKw ˛ sI.-]n.Fkv. tat\m≥

5. tIm´bw IY-Ifn ˛ B‰q¿

6. IY-I-fn-hn-⁄m-\-tImiw ˛ Abva\w IrjvW-°-bvaƒ

7. tIc-f-IemaWvU-e-N-cnXw ˛ eoem \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

8. IY-Ifn \ncq-]Ww ˛ Aº-e-∏pg cma-h¿Ω

9. Iem-a-WvUew IrjvW≥ \mb¿ k]vXXn D]-lm-c-KŸw

10. Iem-a-WvUew cma≥Ip´n \mb¿ k]vXXn D]-lm-c-KŸw

11. Xnc-t\m´w ˛ Iem-a-WvUew cma≥Ip-´n-\m-b¿

17

12. \f-N-cnXw B´-°Y ˛ teJ\w ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv

(I-e-Po-hnXw Xs∂)

Paper VI - Optional Subject (A) Romantic Poetryt]∏¿ 6 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (F) Imev]-\nI IhnX

a[y-bp-K-ß-fn-sebpw \thm-∞m-\-Z-i-bn-sebpw \ntbm-¢m-knIv Ime-L-´-Øn-sebpw ]m›mXy

kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kmam\y kzcq]w Kln-®-Xn\p tijw Imev]-\nI Imhy kn≤m-¥-Øn\v ]m[m\yw

\¬In ]Tn-°-Ww. Imhy-`m-j, Imhyhnj-bw, Imhy-kz-cq]w Ch-sb-∏‰n th¿Uvkvh¿Øv Ah-X-

cn-∏n® kn≤m-¥-Øn\pw AwKm-Kn-s∏m-cpØw, mh\/Iev]\ F∂n-h-bpsS hnth-N\w Ch-sb-∏‰n

tImƒdnUvPv Ah-X-cn-∏n® kn≤m-¥-Øn\pw hnti-jn®v ]m[m\yw \¬I-Ww.

bqWn‰v H∂v : ]ÿm-\-e-£-W-ßƒ

Imev]-\n-IX F∂ at\m- m-hw, Imev]-\n-I-X-Iƒ (Romanticisms), ¢m n-khpw sdmam‚n-kn-khpw.

sdmam‚nIv LS-I-ßƒ, ]h-W-X-Iƒ, sdmam‚n-knkw Hcp ]ÿm-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬

bqWn‰v c≠v : Imev]-\nI hnj-b-ßƒ

Imev]-\nI kv]¿iw, t]aw-˛-]-Ir-Xn, Imev]-\n-I-Xbpw kaq-l-hpw, Imev]-\n-I-\-cIw Ch-sb-∏‰n

hni-Z-]-T-\w.

bqWn‰v aq∂v : th¿Uvkvh¿Øv, tImƒdnUvPv

Imev]-\nI hnπ-h-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-ew, th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ Imhy-ssi-en, Kmao-W- m-jbpw Imhy-

`m-jbpw, th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ Z¿i-\w, tImƒdnUvPpw Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ kwt«-j-X-Xzhpw ˛

Iev]-\bpw (fancy) mh-\bpw (imagination). Imhy-]-Xn-`-bpsS e£-W-ßƒ Imhy-`m-jbpw KZy-

`m-jbpw th¿Uvkvh¿Øns‚ hmZ-Øn\v tImƒdn-UvPns‚ adp-]-Sn.

bqWn‰v \mev : ae-bm-f-Ønse Imev]-\nI ]ÿm\w

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS ]mcw- -Zi sh◊Wn ]ÿm-\w, ]®-a-e-bm-f-]-ÿm-\w, \ntbm-

¢m- n-k-Øn¬ \n∂p Imev]-\n-IXbn-te-°v, Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS kmaq-lnI ]Xn-^-e-\w, \thm-

∞m\ ]ÿm-\-ßƒ, cmjvSob ]ÿm-\-ßƒ.

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. ae-bhn-emkw ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

2. hniz-cq]w ˛ hn.-kn. _me-Ir-jvW≥

3. Bim≥, h≈-tØmƒ, D≈q¿ F∂n-h-cpsS Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS hf¿®

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\v.

4. hoW-]qhv ˛ Ipam-c-\m-im≥

5. Infn-s°m-©¬ ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

6. A∂pw C∂pw ˛ D≈q¿

Imev]-\n-I-X-bpsS ]pjvI-e-Z-i˛Nß-ºp-g, CS-∏-≈n, Ip™n-cm-a≥\m-b¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn-Iƒ

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

7. aWn-ap-g°w ˛ CS-∏≈n cmL-h≥ ]n≈

8. Bcm-a-Ønse Nn¥-Iƒ ˛ Nß-ºpg

bqWn‰v A©v : \ho-\-I-hn-X-bn¬ Imev]-\n-I-X-tbm-Sp≈ kao-]\w hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\v

1. sXßn≥tXm-∏n¬ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n

2. sIm®p-sXm-Ω≥ ˛ F≥.-hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

3. Ip¶p-a-]-`mXw ˛ CS-t»cn

4. knwlm-k-\-Øn-te-°v ho≠pw ˛ H.-F≥.hn

5. cmXn-ag ˛ kpK-X-Ip-amcn

18

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

*1 Preface to Lryical Balladas - William Wordsworth*2 Biographia Literaria Chaps IV, XIII,XIV - S.T. Coleridge*3 A. Defence of Poetry - P.B. Shelly4 English Literary Criticism-The Medieval Phase - JWH Atkins5 English Literary Criticism -The Reniassance6 English Literary Criticism -17th & 18th Centuries7 Princeton Encyclopaedia of Poetry & Poetics - Ed. Alex Preminger(Medieval Poetics, Renaissance Poetics, Neo-classical Poetics)*8 The Mirron and the Lamp - M.H. Abrams9 The true voice of feeling - Hebert Read*10 The Romantic Imagination - C.M. Brown11 Speculations - T.E. Hulme12 Literary Criticism - A Short History - Wimsatt & Brooks13 Imagination - Marry Warnock14 The Decline and Fall of the Romantic Ideal - F.L. Lucas*15 Romanticism (The Critical Idiom Series) - Lilian. R. Furst16 The Romantic Agony - Mario Praz17 On the Discrimination of Romanticisms' - Arthur O. Lovejoy

(See Abram’s ‘English Romantic Poets’)*18 Imev]-\n-IX ˛ _n. lrZ-b-Ip-amcn, DCB*19 Cw•ojv Imev]-\n-IX I + II ˛ Fw.Z£n-Wm-aq¿Øn, mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq v

20 ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥ SPCS21 ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-X-Øz-imkvXw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥ SPCS*22 C∂-se-I-fnse At\z-j-W-]-cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥ DCB

*AS-bm-f-ap≈ ]pkvX-I-ß-fnse D≈-S°w hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ \∂mbn Kln-®n-cn-°-Ww.

Paper VI - Optional Subject (B) C.V. Raman Pillait]∏¿ 6 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (_n) kn.-hn. cma≥ ]n≈

bqWn‰v H∂v :

kwbp‡ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns‚ cq]o-I-cWw apX¬°p≈ Ncn-X-Øns‚ eLp-hn-h-cWw am¿Øm-

WvU-h¿Ω, [¿Ω-cm-Pm, cmPm tIi-h-Zm-k≥. tIc-f-Ønse \mb¿ ta[m-hn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

eLp-]-T-\w. kn.-hn. cma≥]n-≈-bpsS Poh-N-cn-X-]-›m-Ø-ew.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

ae-bmf t\mh¬km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ]mcw`w t\mh¬ F∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øns‚ s]mXp-kz-`mhw

˛ anØv, sFXn-lyw, NcnXw F∂nh t\mh¬ cN-\-bpsS D]m-Zm-\-ß-sf∂ \ne-bn¬. NcnX

t\mh-ep-Iƒ. hmƒ´¿ kvtIm´ns‚ Ncn-X-t\m-h-ep-Iƒ kmam-\y-kz-`m-hw.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

am¿Øm-WvU-h¿Ω, [¿Ω-cm-P, cma-cm-P-_-l-Zq¿ F∂o t\mh-ep-I-fpsS hni-Z-]-T-\w, t]am-ar-X-

Øns‚ hyXn-cn-‡-kz-`m-hw.

bqWn‰v \mev :

kn.-hn-bpsS ]l-k\-ßƒ ˛ hni-Z-]-T-\w. kn.-hn. ]X-]-h¿Ø-I-s\∂ \ne-bn¬. kn.-hnbpsS

kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvI-c-W-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

19

bqWn‰v A©v :

kn.-hn-bpsS t\mh¬ inev]-c-N-\. ]mX-kr-jvSn-bnepw `mjm-ssi-en-bn-ep-ap≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ.

t\mh-en\v CXn-lm-k-am\w \¬Ip-am-dp≈ khn-ti-j-L-S-\ ˛ kn.-hn. cma≥]n-≈bpw H. N¥p-ta-

t\m\pw Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w ˛ Ncn-X-t\m-h-ep-I-fpsS ]n¬°m-em-h-ÿ ˛ t\mh¬ kmln-Xy-Øns‚

Ipe-]Xn F∂ \ne-bn¬ kn.-hn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hne-bn-cp-Ø¬.

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. kn.-hn. cma≥]n≈ (Po-h-N-cn-Xw) ˛ ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿

2. ssZh-\o-Xnbv°p Zm£n-Wy-an√ ˛ tUm. sI. `mkvI-c≥ \mb¿

3. ]Xn-]mXw `mj-W-t`Zw ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

4. Ncn-X-t\m-h¬ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ Iev]‰ _me-Ir-jvW≥

5. The Historical Romance - Archibald Allison6. The Victorian Historical Novel - Andrew Sanders7. The Historical Novel - H Butterfield8 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ NcnXw ˛ ]m®p-aq-ØXv

9. tIc-f-N-cnXw ˛ F. io[-c-ta-t\m≥

10. hoc-ckw kn.-hn IrXn-I-fn¬ ˛ F≥.-]n. apl-ΩZv

11. irwKmcw kn.hn IrXn-I-fn¬ ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

12. km£m¬ kn.hn ˛ _me-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿

Paper VI - Optional Subject (C) Influence of Nationalism onMalayalam Literature

t]∏¿ 6 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (kn)

tZiob ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬

bqWn‰v H∂v :

sImtfm-Wn-b-en-k-Øns‚ km¿h-eu-InI]cn-kcw Gjy≥ B^n-°≥ cmPy-ß-fnse sImtfm-

Wn-b¬ hncp≤ ka-c-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-]-›m-Øew. tZiob kzmX¥yka-c-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-

Øn¬ hf¿∂ ]mtZ-inI kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS eLp-hn-h-cWw temI-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬

bqWn‰v c≠v :

kzmX-¥y-sØ-°p-dn®p≈ ]pXp-t_m-[-ßƒ ˛ Km‘n-b≥ am¿Ivkn-b≥ Z¿i-\-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w

˛ ]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®pw Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw D≠mb ]pXnb Ah-t_m-[-ßƒ. Hcp ]ÿm-\-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬ B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ]nd-hn.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

tZio-b-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]ÿm-\-L-´-ßƒ ˛ C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨K- ns‚ cq]o-I-cWw ˛

tIm¨K v ]ÿm-\hpw P\-Iob ka-c-ßfpw. kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ k¶ev]w

`mc-Xob kmln-Xy-Øn¬.

bqWn‰v \mev :

kzmX-¥y-Z¿i\w ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ ˛ hyXykvX ]cn-t]-£y-ßƒ ˛ Bim≥, h≈-tØmƒ,

D≈q¿ XpS-ßnb Ihn-Iƒ. kzmX-¥y-k-¶ev]w CX-c-km-ln-Xy-cq-]-ß-fn¬ B¿∞nI ˛ cmjvSob

kzmX-¥y-ßƒ°-∏pdw a\p-jy-a-\- ns‚ kzmX¥yw F∂ Bi-b-Øns‚ hf¿® ˛ kzmX-¥y-e-

_v[n°p apºpw ]nºpw.

bqWn‰v A©v :

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ IrXn-Iƒ˛Ch A©p bqWn-‰n-ep-ambn A≤y-b-\hpw A≤ym-]-\hpw \S-Ø-Ww.

20

Ihn-X-Iƒ

1. Fs‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

2. PmXn-°pΩn ˛ sI.-]n. Idp-∏≥

3. hmg-°pe ˛ Nß-ºpg

4. sa°m-sf-bpsS a°ƒ ˛ ]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿

sNdp-I-Y-Iƒ

1. kzmX-¥y-Zm-l-°mcn ˛ sI. kc-kzXn AΩ

2. ssSK¿ ˛ ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿

t\mh-ep-Iƒ

tIc-f-knwlw ˛ k¿Zm¿ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿

kpµ-cn-Ifpw kpµ-c≥amcpw ˛ Ddq_v

\mSIw

ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂v Ac-ß-tØ°v ˛ hn.-Sn. ´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

Bfl-IY/kvac-W-Iƒ

Ign™ Imew ˛ sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\m≥

klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ßƒ

1. h≈-tØmƒ°-hnX (I-hn-Xm-k-an-Xn, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

2. Km‘n-Pnbpw ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xyhpw ˛]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamcIw Skvddv F≥.-_n.-F-kv

3. kzmX-¥y-k-a-chpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Fw. A®p-X≥ (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

4. C¥y≥ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-N-cnXw ˛ C.-Fw.-Fkv

5. Bim≥ \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ Ihn ˛ Xmbm´v i¶-c≥

6. h≈-tØmƒ \h-bp-K-Øns‚ Ihn ˛ Xmbm´v i¶-c≥

7. tIm¨K pw tZio-b-]-ÿm-\hpw ˛ F.-sI. ]n≈

8. D≈q-cns‚ A⁄m-X-ap-Jw, ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv

9. h≈-tØmƒ°-hn-X-bnse tZio-b-Xm-k-¶-ev]w, hmb-\-bpsS hgn-Iƒ˛Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

10. F≥hn-°-hn-X-bnse tZiob ]cn-t]£yw, hmb-\-bpsS hgn-Iƒ ˛ Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿

11. PnbpsS tZio-bXm k¶ev]w ˛ Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, kmln-Xy-]-cn-jØv

Pn.P∑-i-Xm-_vZ-∏Xn∏v, 2001

12. CS-t»-cn-°-hn-Xbpw B[p-\n-I-Xbpw Fw. B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, hnth-tIm-Z-bw, Pqsse, BKÃv

13. Km‘nPn ae-bm-f-Ihn-X-bn¬ ˛ Hcp kwLw Ihn-Iƒ

14. apl-ΩZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ ˛ Hcp kwLw teJ-I¿

15. Fs‚ PohnX IY ˛ samøm-cØp i¶-c≥ \ºym¿

16. A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ ]e Ihn-Iƒ

17. C¥y≥ tZiob ]ÿm-\sØ a\- n-em-°pI ˛ Fw.-B¿. cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿,

amXr-`qan dn∏-ªn°v ]Xn∏v, 2001

18. Poetry and British Rule in India - Navaroji19. Poetry and National Awakening - Ed. K.M.P. Varier

(Distributors : Vallatho Vidyapeetham, Edapal)20. Nationalism and Social Change -

The Role of Malayalam Literature - Dr. K.K.N. Kurup

21

Paper VI - Optional Subject (D) Dramat]∏¿ 6 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (Un) \mSIw

]m›mXy ]uckvXy \mSI ]mc-º-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam-\y-[m-c-W-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬

ae-bmf \mS-I-Øns‚ qX-h¿Øam\-ß-fpsS ka-K-]-T-\-amWv Cu t]∏¿sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv-

bqWn‰v H∂v :

1. Zriy-I-e-bpsS D¤h hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ \mS-I-ØnseØp∂--Xp-hsc. BZn-a-I-e-˛-a-\ p

Ihn-bp∂ `mh-ß-fpsS Bhn-jm-Im-c-Øn-\p≈ ]mY-an-I-am-[yaw icocw ˛ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Xmf-

e-b-kw-Ko-X-ßfpw a\p-jys‚ k¿§m-flI _mly-h¬°-c-W-ßfpw tN¿∂v \rØw-˛-tNm-tZym-

Øcco-Xn-bn-eqsS kw`m-jWw ˛ GIm¶ \mS-I-ßƒ ˛ \mS-I-sa∂ cq]-Øn-te-°p≈ hf¿®

˛ kw£n]vX ]T-\w.

2. temI \mS-I-thZn ˛ ]mc-º-cy-hpw, Ncn-Xhpw kmam-\ym-h-tem-I-\w.

Kokv, C¥y, tdmw, C‰-en, ^m≥kv, Cw•≠v F∂n-hn--S-ß-fnse \mSI ]mc-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v

kmam-\y-[m-cW ˛ ][m\ \mSI IrØp-Iƒ, IrXn-Iƒ, cwK-thZn F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

3. IrXn-bpw, cwK-th-Zn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-≠mb ][m\ ]ÿm\ t`Z-ßƒ ˛ kmam\y ]T-\w.

Ãm\n-…m-hvkvIn, tab¿ tlmƒUv, kmap-h¬ _°-‰v, _lvXv, tKmt´m-hvkvIn, ]o-‰¿ _q°v,

]o‰¿ jqam≥, dn®m¿Uv sj”¿, BK-tÃm-t_mƒ, tdm_¿´v hn¬k¨ F∂n-h-cpsS kn≤m-

¥-ß-sf-°p-dn-®pw, kvXo\m-S-I-th-Zn-sb-°p-dn®pw kmam-\y-]-T-\-amWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

\m-SIw C¥y≥ k¶-ev]w, \mSy imkvXsØ B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ kmam-\y-[m-c-W, \mtSym¬∏-

Øn, Zi-cq-]-I-ßƒ, hrØn, ]hr-Øn, \mep-hn[w A-`n-\-bw, cwK-th-Zn, t]£-I≥, ckw, \mSy

]tbm-P\w F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kw£n]vX [mc-W-bmWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

1. tIc-f-Øns‚ Zriy-I-em--]m-c-º-cyw, \mtSm-Sn-bpw, ¢mkn-°-ep-amb Zriy-I-em-]m-c-º-cy-Øns‚

Hcp sNdp cq] tcJ, \mS≥ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ ˛ NmIym¿IqØv ˛ ]mTIw ˛ Xp≈¬ ˛ IqSn-bm´w

tamln-\n-bm-´w, IY-I-fn, ]mh-Ifn, \ng¬IqØv XpS-ßnb \mtSmSn \mS-I-]m-c-º-cyw.

2. ae-bmf \mS-I-Øns‚ ]mcw-`-L-´w, Xangv kwKoX \mS-I-ßƒ, kwkvIrX \mS-I-X¿÷-a-Iƒ,

Cw•ojv \mSI hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒ.

3. ae-bmf kwKoX \mS-I-ß-fpw, \mS-I-kw-L-ß-fpw.

N-º-Øn¬ NmØp-°p- n-a-∂m-Sn-bm¿, sI.-kn. tIi-h-]n-≈, alm-Ihn Iq -a-Øv, hnZzm≥ ]n. tIfp

\mb¿, Sn.kn ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ XpS-ßnb \mSIIrØp-°ƒ, "Icp-W', "kZm-cm-a', "kwKoX

ss\j-[w', "kwKoX imIp-¥-fw', "]m°-\m¿ NcnXw' XpS-ßnb \mS-I-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam-

\y-[m-c-W.

Xncp-h-´m¿ \mcm-b-W-]n≈ ˛ at\m-l-\w, kn.-]n. ANyq-X-ta-t\m≥ ˛ hnt\mZ Nn¥m-a-Wn, a∂m-

Sn-bm¿, ckn-I-c-RvPn\n.

]n.-F-kv. hmcy¿ ˛ ]c-a-inh hnemkw \mSI Iº\n XpS-ßnb \mSI Iº-\n-Iƒ ˛ Cusbmcp

Ime--L-´-sØ-°p--dn-®p≈ kmam\y [mc-W-bmWv Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

4. kam-¥c \mSI cq]-ßƒ

F. Nhn´p \mSIw ˛ _n. Im°-cn»n

5. kmaqly \mS-I-ßƒ ˛ ]mcw` L´w

adn-bmΩ \mS-Iw, F_m-b-°p´n

6. ]l-k-\-ß-fpw, Ncn-X-\m-S-I-ßfpw

kn.-hn. cma≥ ]nf-f, C.-hn. IrjvW≥]n≈

Cu bqWn-‰n¬ IrXn-I-fpsS hntij ]T-\-a√ Cusbmcp Ncn-X-L- -Øns‚ kmam-\y-]-T-\--amWv

Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

22

bqWn‰v \mev :

\thm-∞m\ Ime-L´w

apJy-[m-c-Iƒ

1. kmaqly cmjv-Sob \mS-I-ßƒ

ASp-°-f-bn¬ \n∂v Ac-ß-tØ-°v, CXp-a-Xn, ]m -_m-°n, \Ω-sfm-∂v, \nß-sfs∂ Iayq-Wn-

Ãm-°n, Iq´p-Irjn ˛ ]›m-Ø-ew, LS-\, cwKm-h-X-cW coXn F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v kmam\y

]T-\w. EXp-a-Xn, \nß-sfs∂ IΩyq-Wn-Ãm°n F∂o \mS-I-ß-fpsS hniZ ]T-\w.

2. F≥. IrjvW-]n-≈, sI.Sn apl-ΩZv F∂n-h-sc-°p-dn®v kmam\y ]T-\-hpw, ·- -h-\w, Id-h‰

]ip F∂o \mS-I-ß-fpsS hntij ]T-\-hpw.

3. ]co-£-Wm-fl-I-hpw, Bfl-t\z-j-W-]-c-hp-amb \mS-I-ßƒ.

4. BZy-Ime \mSI Iº-\n-Iƒ°v XpS¿®-bm-bp-≠mb \mSI kwL-ßƒ ˛ sI.-]n.-F.-kn,

tIcf Iem-th-Zn XpS-ßn-b-hbpw s]m^-j-W¬ \mS-I-th-Zn-bpw. sF.-]n.-Sn.-F, ae-_m¿

tIµ Iem kan-Xn, tIc-f-Ønse Iem-k-anXn ]ÿm\w XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ

˛ kmam-\ym-h-tem-I-\w.

bqWn‰v A©v :

cwKmh-X-c-WsØ kw_-‘n® ]pXp-k-¶¬∏-ßfpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v cq]w ]q≠ ]co-

£-Wm-flI \mS-I-th-Zn-bpw.

1. X\Xv \mS-I-thZn

Fgp-]-Xn-I-fnse Ifcn ]ÿm\w ˛ sabvZn\ A°m-Z-an-Iƒ ˛ X\Xv F∂ k¶-ev]-Øns‚

]›mØew, LS-\, kqX-[m-c-∑m¿, ][m-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\y ]T-

\w. Ah-\-h≥ IS-º, IdpØ ssZhsØ tXSn F∂o IrXn-I-fpsS hni-Z-]-T-\w.

2. kmaqly cmjvSob \mS-I-ß-fpsS ]n¬°m-em-hÿ

\mSp-K-±nI ˛ sI.-sP. t__n ˛ tIc-f-Ønse P\-Iob \mS-I-]-ÿm\w ˛ tIcf imkvX

kmlnXy ]cn-j-Øv.

3. \mSI cwKsØ ]pXnb Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ

B¿. \tc-µ-]-km-Zv, ]n.-Fw. XmPv, ]n. _me-N-µ≥, a[p-am-Ã¿, Pb-]-Imiv Imfq¿ F∂n-h-

cpsS cN-\-I-sf-bpw, cwKm-h-X-c-W-ß-sfbpw Bkv]-Z-am°n Hc-t\z-j-Ww.

IrXnbpw, cwK-]m-Thpw kw_-‘n® ]pXp-[m-c-W-Iƒ, a[y-[-c-Wym-gn, KXm-KXw ]c-º-cm-K-Xw,

]mhw Dkvam≥, Ien-Kpe F∂o \mS-I-ß-fpsS kmam\y ]T-\w.

Ipdn∏v : \mSI `mK-ß-fpsS ]mcm-bWw (Play reading) ¢m n¬ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY ˛ F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

2. ae-bmf \mSI kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ Pn. i¶-c-]n≈

3. ae-bmf \mS-I-ß-fn-eqsS ˛ Im´p-amSw \mcm-b-W≥

4. \mSIw IÆns‚ Ie ˛ tUm.-Sn.-]n. kpIp-am-c≥

5. Zriym-thZn ˛ sI.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

6. ]Xy-b-im-kvX-hpw, \mS-Ihpw ˛ F≥. B¿ Kma-]-Imiv

7. hn.-Sn. ´-Xn-cn-∏mSv ˛ hb-em¿ hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

8. \ho\ \mS-Im-Z¿iw ˛ sas°m√ ]c-ta-iz-c≥ ]n≈

9. \mS-Io-bm-\p-`hw F∂ ckw ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶pÆn \mb¿

10. \mSy-a-WvU]w ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶pÆn \mb¿

11. \mSy imkvXw (hn-h¿Ø-\w) ˛ sI.-]n. \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-c-Sn

12. The theory of the Modem Stage - Ed. Eric Bently13. The Life of the Drama - Eric Bently

23

14. The Anatomy of Drama - Majory Boulton15. The Empty Space - Peter Brooke16. The Theatre of Revolt - Btustein R.17. Twentieth Century Drama - Gascoigne B18. The Elements of Drama - J.L. Styeme19. Drama in Performance - Raymond Williams20. Indian Theatre - Mulk Raj Anand21. Sanskrit Drama - Dr. V. Raghavan22. The Sanskrit Drama - A.B. Keith23. The Theatre Through Ages - Cleaver James24. The History of Greek and Roman Theatre - Biober Margerette25. My Life in Art - Stanislavsky26. Db-cp∂ bh-\nI ˛ kn.-sP. tXmakv

Paper VII - Optional Subject (A) Kerala Culture Before the Malayalam Erat]∏¿ 7 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (F)

tIcf kwkvImcw ae-bm-f-h¿jm-cw- -Øn\p ap≥]v:

bqWn‰v H∂v :

kwL-Imew D]-Zm\ kmaKn Atim-Is‚ imk-\-ßƒ, tdma≥ \mW-b-ßƒ, k©m-cn-I-

fpsS Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ, alm-hw-iw, Zo]-hw-iw, Xan-gIw ˛ `qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ, sF¥n-

W-Iƒ, PohnX coXn-Iƒ, Bcm-[\m aq¿Øn-Iƒ ˛ aqh-c-i¿.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

kwLIm-esØ cmP-hw-i-ßfpw cmPm-°-∑m-cpw, Ggn-a-e-bnse Bbv cmPm-°-∑m¿ a∂≥ tNc

cmPm-°-∑m¿, tNc-cm-P-[m\n ˛ hnhm-Z-ßƒ, kmwkv°m-cnI kw`m-h-\-Iƒ, kmln-Xyw, kpµ-c-I-

e-Iƒ, AIw--˛-]pdw Ihn-X-Iƒ.

bqWn‰v aq∂v:

kwLIm-esØ cmjvSob ÿnXn, `c-W-kw-hn-[m-\w, cmPm-hv, a¥n-am¿, ]ptcm-ln-X¿, \m´p

Iq´w, a‚w ][m\ hcp-am\ am¿§-ßƒ \nIpXn hyh-ÿ, ssk\y-hn-`m-Kw, NXp-c-¶-tk-\, \oXn

\n¿∆-l-Ww, in£m-hn-[n-Iƒ.

bqWn‰v \mev :

kwLIm-esØ kmaq-ln-I Pohn-Xw, tiWn-Iƒ, PmXn-hy-h-ÿ, D®-\o-N-Xzw, Zmb-I-aw, hnhm-

lw, Blm-cw, hkvXw, B`-c-W-ßƒ, BNm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ, BtLm-j-ßƒ, sXmgn-ep-Iƒ,

Irjnbpw hmWn-Py-hpw, hnZym-`ym-kw, kvXoIƒ°p≈ ÿm\w.

bqWn‰v A©v :

aXßƒ, Bcy-a-Xw, ssih-˛-ssh-jvWh aX-ßƒ, _p≤-˛-ssP-\-a-X-ßƒ, Bcm-[\m coXn-Iƒ,

hr£m-cm-[-\, \mKm-cm-[-\, ]Øn-\o-]q-P, t£X-ßƒ ˛ hnK-lm-cm-[-\.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. tIcf NcnXw ˛ cmL-h-hm-cn-b¿, cm-P≥ Kpcp-°ƒ

2. tIcf NcnXw ˛ hm 1,2 (tI-cf lnÃdn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥)

3. tIcf Ncn-X-Ønse Ccp-f-S™ GSp-Iƒ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥ ]n≈

4. A∂sØ tIcfw ˛ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥ ]n≈

5. Sangam Polity - N. subrahmanian (Madras, 1966)

24

6. Reinterpretation in South Indian History - Dr. M.G..S. Narayanan (Trivandrum, 1977)

7. The Social Life of the Tamils : The classical period - S. Singaravelu (Kulalumpur, 1966)

8. Tamil Heroic Poetry - K. Kailasapathy (Oxford, 1968)

9. Sangam Literature : Its cults and cultures (Ed) K.A Nilakanta Sastri ( Madras 1972)

10. A History of South India - 3rd Edn. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri (Delhi, 1966)

11. Chera Kings of the Sangam Age - K.G. Sesha Iyer

12. Some Aspects of Kerala and Tamil Cultures - M. Raghava Iyenger.

13. History of the Tamils - P.T. Sreenivasa Iyenger

14. The Beginning of South Indian History - S. Krishnaswamy Iyengar.

15. History of Kerala - K.V. Krishna Iyer.

Paper VII - Optional Subject (B)Scientific and Technical Tradition of Kerala

t]∏¿ 7 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (_n)

tIc-f-Øns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI ]mc-ºcyw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

tPymXn-im-kvXw, ]am-W-`m-Kw, ê-`m-Kw, tIc-fo-b-cmb tPymXn imkvX-⁄-∑m¿ ˛ Bcy

`´≥, `mkv°-c≥, i¶-c-\m-cm-b-W≥, Xe-°p-fØp `´Xn-cn, hS-t»cn ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, tIf-

√q¿ \oe-IWvT tkma-bm-Pn, ag-aw-K-eØp i¶-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, Xr°-≠n-bq¿ ANyq-X-∏n-jm-c-Sn,

]pXp-a\ tNmam-Xncn XpS-ßn-b-h¿. Ch-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ, ]c-lnX ]≤-Xn, tIc-f-Ønse Ime-K-W\m

kº-Zm-b-ßƒ, Ien-Zn\ kwJy, IS-]-bm-Zn, tPymXn-j-hpw, KWI-∑m-cpw, tPymXn-im-kvX-Øn\v

tIc-f-Øns‚ kw`m--h-\, tPymXn-jhpw kwkv°m-chpw ˛ Ime-Zo-]-Iw, Ic-W-]-≤-Xn, Inbm-kw-K-

lw, PmX-I-]-≤Xn XpS-ßnb KŸ-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v c≠v : Bbp¿thZw

Bbq¿th-Z-Øns‚ DXv]-Øn, Bbp¿-th-Z-Ønse ]am-W-K-Ÿ-ßƒ, Nc-Iw, kpip-Xw, AjvSmw-

K-lr-Z-bw, tIc-f-Øn¬ Bbp¿-thZw ]pjvSn-s∏-Sm-\p-≠mb kml-N-cy-ßƒ, _p≤-ssP\ aX-ß-

fpsS kzm[o-\w, tIc-fo-b-cpsS ]mc-ºcy NnIn-’m-co-Xn, hnj-ssh-Zyw, _me-Nn-In-’, tIc-f-Ønse

Bbp¿thZ kmln-Xn, aqe-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS hymJym-\-ßƒ, ape-Ir-Xn-Isf D]-Po-hn®p Fgp-X-s∏´

kzmX¥y IrXn-Iƒ. \m´p sshZy-∑m¿ A∏-t∏mƒ Ipdn®p sh® Huj-[-®m¿Øp-I-fp-sSbpw

Inbm-co-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kam-lm-c-ßƒ. B[p-\nI imkvX hn⁄m\w Dƒs°m≠v Fgp-X-s∏´

\ho\ IrXn-Iƒ Bbp¿thZ \nL-≠p-°ƒ [\z-¥cn \nL-≠p, kwK-lw, imen-Kma \nL≠p

apX-em-b-h, tlm¿Øp-kn≥Un-°kv ae-_m-dn°-kv, Cń ANyq-X≥, Bbp¿th-Zhpw tIc-f-Ønse

\m´p sshZy-∑mcpw Bbp¿ thZ-Øn\v tIc-f-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\. AjvS-ssh-Zy-∑m¿, sshZy-cXv\w

]n.-Fkv hmcn-b-cpsS tkh-\-ßƒ ˛ sshZy-K-Ÿ-ßƒ˛lrZ-b-]nb (ssh-°Øp ]m®p-aq-Ø-Xv)

tbmKmarXw (D∏m´p IÆ≥), knµqc aRvPcn (ssX-°m´v \mcm-b-W≥ aq -Xv), BtcmKy Iev]-

Zpaw (ssI-°p-f-ßc cma-hm-cn-b¿), Bev]-Øq¿ aWn-]-hm-fw, amXw-K-eoe apX-em-b-h.

bqWn‰v aq∂v : hymI-cWw

thZmw-K-ßƒ in£, \ncp-‡w, hymI-c-Ww. kwkvIrX hymI-cW ]mc-º-cyw, AjvSm-[ym-bn,

hm¿Øn-Iw, alm- m-jyw, kn≤n-Iu-ap-Zn, kwkvIrX hymI-c-W-Øn\v tIc-f-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\. IqS-

√q¿ a\, In≈n-aw-K-eØp a\. tImgn-t°m´v at\m-c-a-Ø-ºp-cm-ń. ]Inbm k¿hkzw (ta-ev]-Øq¿

\mcm-bW `´-Xn-cn) A]m-Wn-\ob ]mamWy km[\w (ta-ev]-Øq¿) ]th-iIw (A-Nyq-X-∏n-jm-c-

Sn), ]Y-a-hym-I-c-Ww (G.-B¿), am[y-a-hym-I-cWw (G.-B¿), ]tbm-K-Zo-]nI (km-lnXy ]©m-

\≥) XpS-ßnb IrXn-Iƒ. ]Z-kw-kvImc NµnI (ssI-°p-f-ßc cma-hm-cn-b¿), ]mWn-\ob ]tZymXw

(sF-kn. Nmt°m) ]In-bm-`mjyw (^.-tPm¨ Ip∂-∏-≈n)

25

hymI-cW imkvX Imhy-ßƒ ˛ hmkp-tZ-h-hn-Pbw (hm-kp-tZh `´-Xn-cn), kp`-Zm-l-cWw (\m-cm-

b-W≥) [mXp-Imhyw (ta¬]p-Øq¿) io Nn”-Imhyw (hn-ez-aw-K-ew) XpS-ßn-b-h.

kwkvIrX hymI-c-W-Øns‚ kzm[o\w eoem-Xn-e-I-Ønepw a‰p ae-bmf hymI-cW KŸ-ß-

fnepw anj-\-dn-am-cpsS hymI-cW IrXn-Iƒ, A∏p s\Sp-ßm-Sn, G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω, tij-Kncn

]`p XpS-ßnb sshbm-I-c-W-∑m-cpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ.

bqWn‰v \mev : a‰p imkvX-ßƒ

inev] imkvXw, ISp-i¿°-c-tbm-Kw, Iq]-im-kvXw, sIń-S-°-W-°v, X®p-im-kvXw, ]cn-am-W-

e-£-Ww, `h\ \n¿ΩmW hn[n, a\p-jym-eb Nµn-I, h¿W \n¿ΩmW hn[n, hniz-I¿Ωobw

aWn]hmfw, inev] imkvXw, `mj, inev]-c-Xv\w, `mjm aniw apX-emb IrXn-Iƒ ImWn-∏-øq-

cns‚ kw`m-h\.

KWnXw : IW°Xn-Im-cw, IW-°q-h-cn-tbm-e, Z-Zo-]w, NI-hr-≤n-K-WnXw CXym-Zn-Ir-Xn-Iƒ

a¥w : AP-]m-tbm-KmZn a¥-]-tbm-Kw, A¿°-I-aw, HUvVo-iw, mj, KcpU ]©m-£cn

_mt[m-®m-S\w aWn-]-hmfw apX-bme IrXn-Iƒ.

\oXn-\ymbw: hyh-lmcame aWn-]h-hm-fw, hyh-lm-c-]Zw XpS-ßnb KŸ-ßƒ.

If-cn-hnZy : AS-hp-Iƒ, Bbp[ e£-Ww, Bbp-t[m-]-tZ-iw, FSp∏v ap\-I-W-°p-Iƒ, Iem-hn-

Zy-Iƒ, If-cn-∏-b-‰v, Ifcn ]mc-º-cyw, If-cn--]q-P, JUvK e£-Ww, ]md-sIm-f-ßc

Ifn-bm-´w, NS° ]tbm-Kw, imkvX-hnZy apX-emb IrXn-Iƒ.

a¿Ω-hnZy : a¿Ω-£-X NnIn-’, a¿Ω-ßƒ, a¿Ω-X-¥w Infn-∏m-´v, a¿Ω-hn-Zy, a¿Ω NnIn’

apX-emb IrXn-Iƒ.

tbmK-hnZy : ]Wm-b-I-aw, tbmKm-`ym-k-I-aw, ico-c-X-X-Øzw, tbmK kwKlw KZyw CXymZn

KŸ-ßƒ.

shSn-°-º-hn-[n, D∏p-Im®pw ]Imcw apX-emb thsdbpw ]gb imkvX KŸ-ßƒ, taev]-

d™ imkvX-im-J-I-fpsS C∂sØ Ah-ÿ.

ùXn-Iw, ck-X-¥w, KWn-Xw, kky-im-kvXw, kmº-ØnI imkvXw, CXymZn B[p-\nI imkvX-

ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬. tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, imkvX kmlnXy ]cn-jØv Ch-bpsS ]h¿Ø-

-\-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v A©v : hymJym\w, kmlnXy NcnX \n¿Ωm-Ww, \nL≠p \n¿Ωm-Ww.

kwkvIr-X-Ønse hymJym\ ]mc-º-cyw, `mjyw, hm¿Øn-Iw, hrØn, hymJy, SosI Sn∏Wn

thZ-ßƒ, CXn-lm-k-ßƒ, ]pcm-W-ßƒ, Imhy-ßƒ, imkvX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS hymJym-

\-ßƒ ˛ kam-\ym-h-tem-I-\w.

tIc-fob ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ kwkvIr-X-Ønse ssh⁄m-\nI IrXn-Iƒ°v Xøm-dm-°nb hym-Jym-

\-ßƒ, hymJym-\hpw aqe-]mT \n¿Æ-b-hpw, Pm-N-I¿Ω ]≤-Xn, hymJym-\w, PmXI Nµn-Im-hym-

Jym-\w, PmXI ]≤Xn hymJym-\w, X¥ kwK-lw, hym-Jym-\w (_m-e-i-¶-cw), eoem-hXn hymJym-

\w, tlmc `mjm hymJym-\w, X®p imkvX hymJym-\w, kl-k-tbmKw `mjm-hym-Jym-\w, a-\p-

jym-eb NµnI mjm-Jym-\w, ]]-©-kmc hymJym-\w, hyh-lm-c-ame hymJym\w apX-emb IrXn-

Iƒ.

`mjm kmlnXy NcnX \n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ ]iv\-ßƒ, kao-]\ coXn-Iƒ, ]n.-tKm-hn-µ≥]n-≈,

B¿. \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿, D≈q¿, hS-°pw-Iq¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS kmlnXy NcnX KŸ-ßƒ,

`mjm kmlnXy NcnX \n¿Ωm-Whpw Kth-j-W-hpw.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. tIcf kmlnXy NcnXw hmfy-ßƒ 1,2 ˛ D≈q¿

2. tIc-fob kwkvIrX kmlnXy NcnXw 4,5,6 hmfy-ßƒ ˛ hS-°pw-Iq¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

3. Bbq¿th-Z-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-ßƒ ˛ kn. cma-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

4. Bbp¿thZ NcnXw ˛ F≥.-hn. IrjvW≥ Ipń hmcn-b¿

26

5. tIcf hn⁄m\ tImiw ˛ (F.-Un) Sn.-sI. sIm®p \mcm-b-W≥

6. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI NcnXw ˛ ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

7. ]mNo\ KWnXw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ kn.-sI. aq Xv

8. tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\-Øn\v Hcp apJ-hpc ˛ Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xncn

9. imkvXw C¥y-bn¬ Hcp kw£n]vX NcnXw ˛ Fkv.-F≥.-sk≥, _n.-hn. kp∫-cm-b∏

(a-e-bmf hn-h¿Ø-\w) hmfyw 1,2 (tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

10. ae-bmf kmln--Xyhpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ˛ ]n.sP tXmakv

11. \nL≠p hn⁄m\w ˛ ]n. tkma-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿

12. \nL-≠p-°ƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ ]n.-hn. Hma\

13. ae-bmf alm \nL≠p hmfyw 1, Ah-Xm-cnI (G-Un) iqc-\m´p Ip™≥ ]nff

14. History of Astronomy in India - S.N. Sen and K.S. Sukla (Indian National ScienceAcademy, New Delhi)

15. Contribution of Kerala to Sanskrit Literature - Dr. K.V. Kunjunni Raja16. Astronomy and Mathematics in Kerala - K. Kunjunni Raja17. Technical Literature in Kerala - Dr. Venkata Subramania Iyer18. History of Indian Literature, Pt. III Vol II, Scientific and Technical Literature - M. Wintemitz.

Paper VII - Optional Subject (C) Folklore and Artforms of Keralat]∏¿ 7 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (kn)

t^mIvtemdpw tIc-fob Ie-Ifpw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

t^mIvtem¿ hyXykvX \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ, \c-hwi imkvX]c-amb \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ, Ae-kym≥Uo-

kns‚ \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ, Um≥ s_≥ Btam-kv, dn®m-Uvt_m-a≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ

t^mIvtem¿ ]T-\-Øns‚ e£yhpw ]k-‡nbpw Iq´m-bvasb Xncn-®-dn-bp-I. t^mIvtem¿ F∂

Bib hn-\n-a-tbm-]m-[nsb hni-I-e-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I, Iq´m-bva-bpsS kzXz-sØ-°p-dn-®p-ff At\z-

j-Ww, BtKm-f-h¬°-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw \h sImtfm-Wn-en-k-Øn-s‚bpw Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Cu At\z-

j-W-Øn-\p≈ ]k-‡n.

bqWn‰v c≠v:

hmsamgn-h-g°w \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ, IYm-Km-\-ßƒ, anØv, ]pcm-hr-Øw, sFXo-lyw, \mtSmSn en-

Xw, A\p-`-h-I-Y-Iƒ, `mjm-cq-]-ßƒ, ISw-I-Y, ]g-s©m-√v-˛-\m-tSmSn cwKm-h-X-c-W-ßƒ, \mtSmSn

\mS-Iw, \mtSmSn \rØw, A\p-jvTm-\w, BNm-cw, \mS≥ Ifn-Iƒ, \mtSm-Sn, BtLm-j-ßƒ,

kmwkvIm-cn-tIm-]m-Zm-\-ßƒ ˛ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ, hkvXp-°ƒ, \mtSm-Sn-a-Xw, a¥-hm-Zw, hnizm-k-

ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

tIc-fob Ie-Iƒ kmam-\y-h-tem-I-\w. tKmX-h¿§ Ie, \mS≥ Ie,, ¢m nIv Ie, P\-Iob Ie

Ch-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. hyXykvX Iem-cq-]-ßƒ ˛ \rØw, \mSIw a‰p cwKm-h-X-c-W-ßƒ,

NnX-I-e, Ic-hn-cp-Xp-Iƒ tIc-fob Iem-cq-]-ß-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. \mtSmSn kwKo-Xhpw D]-

I-c-W-ß-fpw.

bqWn‰v \mevv :

tI-c-f-Ønse tKmX-I-e-Ifpw, \mS≥ Ie-Ifpw s]mXp kz`m-hw. ][m-\-s∏´ cq]-ß-fpsS kmam\y

]cn-N-bw. A\p-jvTm\ Ie-Iƒ, aX-]-c-amb Iem-cq-]-ßƒ, hnt\m-Z-Øn-\p≈ cq]-ßƒ, bqWn‰v 3

¬ sImSpØ Ahm-¥c hn`m-K-ßƒ°p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ tIc-fob Ie-I-fn¬ \n∂v Nq≠n-°m-

Wn-°-Ww.

27

bqWn‰v A©v :

tIc-fob ¢m nIv Ie-Ifpw P\-Iob Iem-cq-]-ß-fpw, IqSn-bm-´w, IqØv, IrjvW-\m-´w, cma-\m-´w,

IY-I-fn, Xp≈¬, ]mTIw XpS-ßn-b-h. Npa¿ NnX-I-e, hmkvXp in¬]w, tkm]m\ kwKo-Xw,

IY-Ifn kwKo-Xw, tamln-\n-bm- w, ssIsIm- n-I-fn, tIm¬°-fn, kwKoX \mS-Iw, am∏n-f-∏m- v, IWn-

bm¿°-fn, ]c-N-ap-´p-I-fn XpS-ßnb Iem-cq-]-ßƒ.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. Interpreting Folklore - Alan Dundes2. Ideology, Politics and Folklore (Ed) Raghavan Payyanad3. t^mIvtem¿ ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv (tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

4. t^mIvtem¿ ˛ k¶-ev]-ßfpw kt¶-X-ßfpw ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv (F.F.M.Publication)5 Folklore and Folklife - Richard M. Dorson6. Dictionary of Mythology, Legend and Folklore (Ed) Maria Leach7. tIcf t^mIvtem¿ ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

8. \mtSmSn hn⁄m-\obw ˛ tUm. Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xncn (Un.kn _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

9. tIcf-Ønse \mS≥ Ie-Iƒ ˛ G.-sI. \ºym¿

10. IdpØ Ie-Iƒ ˛ NpΩm¿ Nq≠¬

11. \mtSmSn Zriy-I-em-kq-NnI ˛ tIcf kwKoX \mSI A°m-Zan

12. tIc-f-Ønse \mtSmSn \mS-I-ßƒ ˛ Fkv. sI \mb¿

13 Folk Plays and Dances of Kerala - MD Raghavan14 sXøhpw tXm‰w ]m´pw ˛ cmL-h≥ ]ø-\mSv

15. tKmX-I-em-h-Sn-hp-Iƒ kn. B¿ cmP-tKm-]m-e≥ (\m-´-dnhp ]T-\-tI-µw, Xr»q¿)

16. B´-°Ym kmlnXyw ˛ Ab-a\w IrjvW ssIaƒ

17. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI NcnXw ˛ ]n.sI tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

18. Xp≈¬ Hcp ]T-\w ˛ tUm. hn.-F-kv. i¿Ω

19. Z£n-tW-¥y≥ kwKoXw ˛ G.-sI. cho-µ-\mYv

20. tIcf kmlnXy N-cnXw ˛ Df-fq¿

21. IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpw ˛ A-Ωm-h≥ Xºp-cm≥

22. tIcf kwKoXw ˛ tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

23. sX°≥ ]m´p-Iƒ Hcp ]T\w ˛ Xnhn-I-a≥ Xºn, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿.

24. tIc-fo-b-X-bpsS \m´-dnhv ˛ Un.-kn. _pIvkv, tIm´bw

25. ae-bmf hna-¿i\w \º¿ 9 ]km: ae-bmf hn`m-Kw, Imen-°‰v k¿∆-I-em-ime

26 t^mIvtem¿ \nL≠p ˛ Fw.-hn. hnjvWp \ºq-Xncn

Paper VII - Optional Subject (D) Modernisation of Keralat]∏¿ 7 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (Un) tIc-f-Øns‚ B[p-\n-I-h¬°-cWw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

19-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIc-fw˛ kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ, PmXn-Ifpw

D]-Pm-Xn-Ifpw, ASn-a-k-º-Zm-bw, sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bva, Xo≠n-°q-Sm-bva, PmXn-Xn-cn-®p≈ BNm-cm-\p-

jvTm-\-ßƒ, Zmb-I-a-ßƒ, hnZym-`ymk kº-Zm-bw, t£X tIµn-X-amb BNm-c-ßƒ, IpSpw-_-

Ønepw kaq-l-Ønepw kvXo°pw ]pcp-j-\p-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ ÿm\w.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

]m›m-Xy-cpsS BKa\w ˛ cmjvSo-bm-[n-]-Xy-]-c-hpw, aX-]-c-hp-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ ˛ anj-\-dn-

am-cpsS mjm-]-T-\w, hymI-cW cN-\, \nL≠p \n¿Ωm-Ww, ]X-]-h¿Ø-\w, hnZym- ymk ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ, KZy-Øns‚ hnIm-kw, ]m›m-Xy-km-lnXy kº¿°wsIm≠p-≠mb ]ptcm-K-Xn.

28

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW ]ÿm-\-ßƒ Fkv.-F≥.-Un.-]n, F≥.-F-kv.-F-kv., km[pP\ ]cn-]m-

e-\-tbm-Kw, tbmK-t£ak` XpS-ßnb kwL-S-\-Iƒ cq]w sIm≠-Xns‚ kmaq-lnI NcnX ]›m-

Ø-ew. PmXn°pw Abn-Ø-Øn\pw FXn-cmb ka-c-ßƒ ˛ ssh°w kXy-K-lw, Kpcp-hm-bq¿

kXy-K-lw. t£X ]th-i\ hnfw-_cw ˛ \mcm-bW Kpcp, N´ºn kzman-Iƒ, a∂Øp ]fl-\m-

`≥, Aø≥ Imfn, hn.Sn ´-Xn-cn-∏mSv XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, tZiob ]ÿm-\-tØm-S-\p-

_-‘n® kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW ]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø\w sIm≠v tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb \thm-

∞m-\w, N¥p-ta-t\m≥, h≈-tØmƒ, Bim≥, D≈q¿, sI.-]n. Idp-∏≥ XpS-ßnb kmln-Xy-Im-c-

∑m¿ CXn¬ hln® ]¶v.

bqWn‰v \mev :

B[p-\nI aX-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ Xntbm-k- nIv skmssk-‰n, _“-k-am-Pw, iocm-a-IrjvW anj≥,

B\-µ-a-Xw, Bfl-hn-Zym-kw-Lw, Bcy-k-am-Pw F∂nh tIc-f-Øn¬ krjvSn® kmwkv°m-cn-Im-

`yp-∂-Xn.

bqWn‰v A©v :

A®Sn ˛ _©-an≥ _bn-enbpw ae-bmfw A®-Snbpw ˛ _mk¬an-j≥ ˛ Kp≠¿´ns‚ ]h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ ˛ A®-Sn-bpsS hym]\w. tIc-f-Ønse BZy-Ime A®-Iq-S-ßƒ ˛ BZy-Im-e-ap-ZnX IrXn-

Iƒ-˛-]p-kvXI ]km-[\w ˛ amknIm ]km[w ˛ BZy-Ime amkn-I-Ifpw kmln-Xy-kw-kv°m-cnI

]ptcm-K-Xnbpw ˛ hn⁄m-\-hym-]-\w. IqSn-bm-bvabpw `q\n-ba ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßfpw ˛ kmaq-lnI

]ptcm-KXn. tIc-f-Øns‚ GIo-I-cWw cmPm-[n-]-Xy-Øn≥ \n∂pw P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øn-te-°p≈ am‰w.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. 19-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIcfw ˛ ]n.-`m-kvI-c-\p-Æn.

2. tIc-f-Øns‚ C∂-se-Iƒ ˛ sI.-F≥. KtWiv

3. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI NcnXw ˛ ]n.-sI. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

4. Fkv.-F≥.-Un.-]n. tbmK NcnXw ˛ ]n.-Fkv them-bp-[≥

5. \mb¿ k¿∆okv skmssk‰n kph¿Æ KŸw

6. PmXn-hy-h-ÿn-Xnbpw tIc-f-N-cn-Xhpw ˛ ]n.sI _me-Ir-jvW≥

7. tIc-f-N-cnXw II (G.-Un) ]n.-Fkv them-bp-[≥

8. ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw InkvXym-\n-Ifpw ˛ ]n.-sP.-tXm-akv

9. BZn apZWw `mc-X-Ønepw ae-bm-f-Ønepw ˛ sI.-Fw. tKmhn.

10. s_©-an≥ s_bven ae-bmfw A®-Sn-bpsS ]nXmhv ˛ kmap-h¬ h¿§o-kv,

kmap-h¬ s\√n-ap-Iƒ

11. Fs‚ PohnX kvac-W-Iƒ, 1˛mw `mKw ˛ a∂Øv ]fl-\m-`≥

12. IÆocpw In\mhpw ˛ hn.-Sn.`´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

13. hn.-Sn. bpsS PohnX kvac-W-Iƒ ˛ hn.Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv

14. \mcm-bW Kpcp ˛ ]n.sI _me-Ir-jvW≥

15. Fs‚ kvac-W-Iƒ ˛ ImWn-∏-øq¿ i¶-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv

16. io\m-cm-bW Kpcp kvac-W-Iƒ ˛ ]g-º≈n ANyq-X≥

17 Nayar's of Malabar - F.Fawcelt18 Kerala Temple - Dr. Rajan Gurukkal (Vallathol Vidyapeetham, Sukapuram)

Paper VIII - Optional Subject (A) Linguistics and Literacy Studiest]∏¿ 8 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (F) `mjm-im-kvXhpw kmln-Xy-hn-Nm-chpw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

L-S-\m-flI `mjm-imkvXw ˛ skmkyq-dns‚ kn≤m¥w

29

bqWn‰v c≠v :

tdma≥ bms°m-_vk≥ Bhn-jvI-cn® mjm-[n-jvTnX kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ hni-Zo-I-cWw

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

kmlnXy-Øns‚ cq]w cq]-Øn¬ \n∂v D≈-S-°-Øn-te-°v, djy≥ t^m¿a-e-nk-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm\ k¶-ev]-ßƒ, B[p-\nI ssieo hn⁄m\w ˛ ASn-ÿm\ k¶-ev]-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v \mev :

LS-\m-\-¥c kmlnXy hnNmcw ˛ kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS sshhn-[yw, Ch-bn¬ `mjm-imkvX k¶-

ev]-\ßƒ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ hcp-Øn-b-Xn¬ Du∂n-bp≈ ]T-\w.

bqWn‰v A©v :

LS\mhmZhpw ssieo-hn--⁄m-\hpw

LS-\m-\-¥c kn≤m-¥-ß-fpw Ah ae-bmf kmlnXy \ncq-]-W-Øn¬ sNep-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂

]`m-h-Øn\p DZm-l-c-W-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fpw.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. The Ethics of Linguistics - Julia Christeva2. Language, Linguistics and the study of Literature - Collin Mac Abe3. The Insistence of the letter in the unconcious - J. Lacan

1,2 & 3 in Modern Criticism and Theory - David Lodge.4. Saussure - Jonthan Culler5. Linguistic Criticism - Roger Fowler6. Reader Response Criticism - From formalism to Post structuralism - Jan Tompkins7. Post modernism - A Reader - W Patris8. Contemporary Literacy Criticism - after structuralism - Jonathan Culler9. Literary Theory - Jonathan Culler10. Deconstruction : Theory and Practice - Christopher Norris11. On Deconstruction : Theory and Criticism after structuralism - Jonathan Culler12. Structuralist Poetics - Jonathan Cullur13. Foucault : A Critical Introduction - Loise Mo Nay14. Roman Jacobsan - 'Linguistics and Poetics' in Language & Literature

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1 On Margins of Discourse in the relation of Language of Literature - Barbara H. Smith

2. Stylistics - J. W Tumer

3. IpdØn : Hc¿∞m-¥-c-\ymkw ˛ hn.-kn. ioP≥ (A¿∞m-¥-c-\ym-kw)

4. hna¿i-\m-flI kn≤m¥w ˛ hn.-kn. ioP≥

5. hmMvabw ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn

6. skmkyq¿ : LS-\m-hm-Z-Øns‚ BNm-cy≥ ˛ kn. cmtP-µ≥

7. antj¬ ^pt°m ˛ ]n.-]n. cho-µ≥

8. ]mThpw s]mcpfpw ˛ kn. cmtP-µ≥

9. B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-ßƒ ˛ (F.-Un) kn.-sP. tPm¿÷v

10. ssieo hn⁄m\w : ka-Ime ]mT-ßƒ ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn

11. h≈-tØm-fns‚ Imhy inev]w ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

12. Ihn-X-bnse `mjyw˛ sI.-Fw. ]`m-Ic hmcn-b¿

13. hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-fpsS ]Wn-bme ˛ cmLh hmcn-b¿

30

14. h≈-tØm-fns‚ Imhy ssien ˛ A\n¬ h≈-tØmƒ

15 Modern Criticism and Theory - Ed. David Lodge.

16 The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Vol. 8 - Ed. Raman Selden

Paper VIII - Optional Subject (B) Lexicographyt]∏¿ 8 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (_n)

\nL≠p hn⁄m\w

bqWn‰v H∂v :

tImi-hn-⁄m-\hpw (Lexicology) \nL≠p \n¿Ωm-Whpw (Lexicography)

\nL≠p \n¿ΩmWw ]bp-‡-`m-jm-imkvXw (applied linguistics) F∂ \ne-bn¬ tImihpw

hymI-c-Whpw hyXy-kvX-ap-J-ßƒ, ]Zw ˛ kz\n-a-]-cw, hymI-c-W-]-cw, tImi-]-cw, ]Z-ß-fpsS

kz\n-a-]-chpw hymI-c-W-]-chpw tImi-]-c-hp-amb kz`m-h-ßƒ. ]Z-ß-fpsS ssieo-]-c-amb \nb-

¥-W-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v c≠vv :

]Zhpw A¿-∞hpw

A¿∞-sa-∂m¬ F¥v? A¿∞-Øns‚ A¿∞w, A¿∞w ]e-X-cw. ]Z-Øns‚ kz\na kz`mhw

A¿∞w tImi-]-chpw hymI-c-W-]-chpw _lz¿YX (polysemy), A¿∞-\n¿W-bw, GI-cq-]X

(homonymy) ]cym-bXzw (Synonymy) A¿∞-K-k\w (hyponymy), A¿-∞-]-cn-Wmaw (seman-tic shift) LS-Im-]-K-Y\w (componential analysis) ]e-Xcw LS-I-ßƒ, ]Xn-tbm-KnXzw (oppo-sition) GI-Im-en-Ihpw _lp-Im-en-Ihpw tImim¿Yhpw mtj-X-cm¿Yhpw (extralinguistic mean-ing) \nL-≠p-°-fn¬ FX-tØmfw CXn\v ]th-i-am-Imw.

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

\nL-≠p-°-fpsS h¿Ko-I-cWw

h¿§o-I-c-W-am-\-Z-WvUw, GI-Im-en-Iw, Ncn-Xm-fl-Iw, \ncp-‡-]cw (Etymological)D®m-cW\nL-≠p-°ƒ, kmam\y \nL-≠p-°fpw khn-tij hnjb ]Xn-]m-Z-I-amb \nL-≠p-°-

fpw. `mjm-t`Z \nL≠p ˛ kmt¶-XnI ]Zm-h-en. A[ym-]\ klm-bn-Iƒ, A¿∞ hn-h-c-W-Øn-\p-

≈h s]mXp \nL≠p, `mjm \nL-≠p, GI-`mjm \nL-≠p, Zzn`mjm \nL-≠p, _lp-`mjm

\nL-≠p, A¿∞ taJ-e-Ifpw ]cym-b-ßfpw hn]-co-X-ßfpw \¬Ip∂ ]Z-a-RvPcn (theasurus)\nL-≠p-°fpw hn⁄m\ tImi-ß-fpw.

bqWn‰v \mev :

GI `mjm \nL-≠phpw Zzn`mjm \nL-≠phpw

e£y-\n¿∆-N\w kw`-cWw teJ-I-ß-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏v AXns‚ am\-ZWvUw Hmtcm-∂nepw

Fs¥ms° thW-sa∂ Xocp-am-\w. io¿j-I-]-Z-ta-sX∂ \n¿Æ-bw, GXp hymI-cW ka-h¿§-

sa∂ \n¿t±iw D®m-c-Ww, \ncp-‡w F∂o Imcy-ßƒ D]-te-J-I-ßƒ, A¿Y-\n¿∆-N-\w, ]cym-

bw, hn]-co-Xw, DZm-l-cWw (kzbw \n¿Ωn-Xtam D≤-cn-®-tXm) teJ-I-ß-fpsS Iao-I-c-Ww.

\n¿∆-N-\w, hn`m-K-ßƒ, ZØ-kw- -c-Ww, ] -h-ßƒ, teJ-I-ß-fpsS Xocp--am-\w, ka-aq-eyX (equiva-lence) `mKnI ka-aq-eyX (partial equivalence) A¿∞-hn-h-c-Ww, kmwkvIm-cnI khn-ti-j-X-I-

fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww, teJI Iao-I-c-Ww, D®m-c-Ww, hymI-cW e£W \n¿t±-iw, Npcp-s°-

gpØpw Nn”-kq-N-\-I-fpw, DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v A©v:

\nL≠p NcnXw

kwkvIr-X-Ønse \nL-≠p, \ncp-‡w, tImiw Xan-gnse \nL≠p cN\m ]mc-º-cyw. ]m›m-Xy-

31

cpsS `mc-Xob `mjm \nL-≠p-°ƒ, Ah-bpsS coXn hyXym-kw, ZmhnU \ncp‡ \nL≠p (ADravidian Etymological Dictionary) hns\-]‰n kmam\y ]cn-N-bw.

ae-bmf \nL-≠p-°-fpsS Ncn-Xw, Kp≠¿´ns‚ \nL-≠p, i_vZ-Xm-cm-h-en, ae-bmf alm \nL≠p

Ch-sb-∏‰n \ncq-]-Wm-fl-I-am-bp≈ ]T-\w.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. `mjm¿∞w ˛ thWp-tKm-]me ]Wn-°¿

2. \nL≠p hn⁄m\w ˛ ]n. tkma-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿

3. \nL≠p \n¿ΩmWw ˛ ]e teJ-I-∑m¿ (\m-j-W¬ _pIvkv Ãmƒ)

4. An Introduction of Lexicography - R.A. Singh (CIIL, Mysore)5. Tamil and Malayalam Lexicography - Ed. K. Nachinmuthu

(Dept. of Tamil, University of Kerala6. Manual of Lexicography - L Zgusta7. Lexicography - S.M. Katre8. Semantics Studies in the Science of Meaning N. Breal9. Problems in Lexicography - Ed. F. Householder & Saporta10. 'Lexicography' (Current Trends in Linguistics) H.B. Antonio11. 'Approaches in Lexicography' (Current Trends in Linguistics) A.W. Read12. Readings in Applied English Linguistics - Harold B. Allen13. Lexicography in India - B.G Misra14. Introductory notes to Malayalam Lexicon Vol I & II15. Introductory notes of Tamil Lexicon16. Preface of Gundert's A malayalam and English Dictionary.

Paper VIII - Optional Subject (C) Translation : Theory and Practicet]∏¿ 8 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (kn)

hnh¿Ø\w : kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kmwK-Xyw, "hnh¿Ø-\hpw `mjm-hy-Xn-tc-I-]T-\hpw' \n¿∆-N-\-ßfpw XØz-

ß-fpw. hnh¿Ø-\w, hymJym-\w, ]cm-h¿Ø-\w, krjvSn, hnh¿Ø\ hn`m-K-ßƒ

Intra lingual, Inter lingual, Inter semiotic/Pragmatic, Aesthetic - Poetic, Ethnographic/Mimetic, Analogical, Organic, Deviant/Full, Partial, Total Restricted.]cn-`mjm ]Inb (Translation Process) /Text analaysis/Transfer - Restructuring.

bqWn‰v c≠v :

ka-aq-eyX (Equivalence)]mT ka-aq-eyX (Text equivalence), hnh¿Ø\ ka-aq-eyX (Translation equivalence), hnh¿Ø\

ka-aq-ey-Xbpw A\p-]Z hnh¿Ø-\-hpw, ka-aq-ey-X-bpsS A`mhw (Nil equivalence) hymI-cW

ka-aq-eyX (Grammatical equivalence), ssieo-k-a-aq-eyX (Stylistic equivalence), ka-aq-ey-X-

bpsS ]iv\-ßƒ (Problems of equivalence) cq]-Xp-eyXm ]cn-`mj (Formal equivalent trans-lation) Ne-\m-flI Xpey-Xm-]-cn-`mj (Dynamic equivalent translation)

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

`mjbpw kwkv°m-chpw

aqe-`mjm kwkv°m-cw, e£y `mjm kwkv°mcw

kmlnXy ]cn-`m-j-bnse ]iv\-ßƒ

Ihn-X, \mS-Iw, sNdp-I-Y, t\mh¬ Ch-bpsS ]cn-`mj

32

ssh⁄m-\n-I-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS ]cn-`mj

`mhw, cq]w, LS\

]cn-`m-j-bnse em`-\-jvS-ßƒ

bqWn‰v \mev :

b¥ ]cn`mj (Machine translation) Iºyq-´¿ ]cn-`m-j-bpsS ssk≤m-¥n-Ihpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-

hp-amb ]-iv\-ßƒ-˛-`m-jm-]-K-Y-\w, \nL≠p ]cn-tim-[-\, LS-\m-¥-cWw (Structural transfor-mation), DZvK-Y\w (Synthesis), ]pc:]km-[\w (Post-editing)

]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS KpW-\n-e-hm-cw, ]WvUn-X-]-cn-tXm-j-hmZw (Scholary method), \nI-tjm-]-e-hm-Zw

(Touchstone method) ]›mXv hnh¿Ø\w (Back translation)

bqWn‰v A©v :

1. Cw•o-jn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°v Ihn-X, IY, teJ-\-ßƒ ]cn- m-j-s∏-SpØn ]cn-io-en-°p-I.

2. KoXm-RvP-en-bpsS Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-bpw, Pn. i-¶-c-°p-dp-∏ns‚ ae-bmf ]cn-`m-jbpw Xmc-X-ay-

s∏-SpØn ]Tn-°p-I.

3. amcm-cpsS imIp-¥fw KZy-]-cn-`m-jbpw F.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω-bpsS ae-bmf imIp-¥fw ]cn-

`m-jbpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn ]cn-`m-j-bnse em`-\-jvS-ßsf°pdn®v ]Tn-°p-I.

4. \mem-∏m´p \mcm-b-W-ta-t\ms‚ ]mh-ß-fpsS Bap-Jw, Nß-ºpg IrjvW-∏n-≈-bpsS Imhy

]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS Bap-J-ßƒ, tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW-∏n-≈-bpsS ]cn-`m-j-I-fpsS BapJ-ßƒ

Ch hmbn®v Ah-cpsS ]cn-`mjm k¶-ev]-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-I.

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂v Cw•o-jn-te°pw Cw•o-jn¬ \n∂v ae-bm-f-Øn-te°pw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm-

\p≈ tNmZy-ßƒ amXta Cu bqWn-‰n¬ \n∂v tNmZn--°m-hq.

kw⁄-Iƒ, ]Z-ßƒ, ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ, ssien-Iƒ Chbpw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ tNmZn-°mw.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ `mjm imkvX `qanI ˛ hn.-B¿ ]t_m[Nµ≥ \mb¿

2. hnh¿Ø\w ˛ ]e teJ-I¿ (tI-cf `mjm C≥kvd-dn-‰yq-´v)

3. kmln-Xym-Zm\w ˛ sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

4. Nß-ºpg hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒs°-gp-Xnb Bap-J-ßƒ

5. tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈ hnh¿Ø-\-ßƒs°-gp-Xnb Bap-J-ßƒ

6. h≈-tØm-fns‚ imIp-¥-f-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v kn.-Fkv \mb-cpsS Ah-Xm-cnI

7. `mjbpw `mjm-¥-c-Whpw ˛ sI.-F. tImin

8. X¿÷a kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬

(F.Un) Pbm-kp-Ip-a-c≥ & kvIdnb k°-dn-b

9. hnh¿Ø\ Nn¥-Iƒ (F.-Un.-) hn.-B¿ ]t_m[ N-µ≥

10. Xncp-°p-dfpw Iq´p-Imcpw ˛ kao£ ˛ sI.-F≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥

11. ""Ip™p ]mØp-Ω-bpsS temI k©m-cw,'' Bj-dpsS ae-bmf kmlnXy

]T-\-ßƒ°p≈ A\p-_‘w ˛ Fw. F≥ Imc-t»cn

12. ae-bm-fnbpw ]cn-`m-jbpw ˛ Btem-N\ ˛ Fw.-F≥ Imc-t»cn

13. A Linguistic Theory of Translation - J.C. Catford14. Towarda Science of Translation - E.A. Nida15. The Art of Translation - Theodore Savory16. Translating - Ian F. Finlay17. Translation Studies - Susan Bassnett18. Literature and Translation - James Holmes19. Translation - Applications and Research - R.W. Brislin20. Translation as Discovery - Suji Mukharji

33

21. The theory and Practice of translation - R.A Nida and C Taber22. After Babel - George Steiner23. The Violet in the Crucible : Shelley and Translation - Timothy Webb24. Homeric Translation - Theory and Practice - Mathew Arnold25. Translation - Brishim Richard26. The Ends of Translation. UDL 20 Casargrade J27. On translating Baheer (teJ\w) ]Xn-am\w 1970

28. Preface of Me grand dad and an elephant - R.B. Asher

Paper VIII - Optional Subject (D) Comparative Dravidiant]∏¿ 8 ˛ sF—nI hnjbw (Un)

Zmhn-U-`mjm Xmc-Xayw

bqWn‰v H∂v :

ZmhnU IpSpw-_-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øns‚ hnIm-kw.

Ipam-cn-e- - ≥, eoem-Xn-eIw (hr-Øn) Imc≥, F√n∂v Ch-cpsS ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ, ImƒUz¬ ÿm]n®

Zmhn-U-Øns‚ hyXn-cn-‡X C¥y°p ]pd-Øp≈ mj-I-fp-am-bp≈ tKmX-_‘w (affnity) ImƒUz-

en\p tijw sI.-hn. kp∫-ø, F¬.-hn. cma-kzman Aø¿, _tdm, Fa-t\m, `´m-Nmcy IrjvW

aq¿Øn, i¶¿`-´v, Fkv. hn. j¨ap-Jw, ]n.-F-kv. kp_-“-Wyw, Ipam-c-kzm-an-cm-P, hn.-sF. kp_-

“Wyw apX¬ t]cv.

bqWn‰v c≠v:

`mj-Ifpw ]c-kv]-c-_-‘hpw

GtX-Xp-`m-j-Iƒ, Fhn-sS-sb√mw kwkm-cn-°p-∂p, ]c-kv]-c-_-‘w, D]-Ip-Spw_w ˛ D]-Ip-Spw-_-

hn-`-P-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ßƒ, kw]-P-\-ta-Je (convergence area)[mXpkzcq-]hpw kzc-ßfpw

[mXphpw hnh¿Ø\ ]Xyb-ßfpw [mXp kzc-ßƒ, hnh¿Ø\ ]Xy-b-Ønse kzc-ßƒ, [mXp

kzcw : lkz-Zo¿L-t`-Zw, C/F˛D/H hnI-ev]\w

hyXykvX `mj-I-fnse kzc-hy-Xn-bm-\-ßƒ

sXepKp Iphn-bnse kzc-ÿm\ hn]-cy-bw, BZy-£-c-hn-tem]w Z£n-W-Zm-hn-U-Øn¬ D®m-cW

kmly-amb ˛ D (Enunciative - U) ae-bm-f-Ønse kzc-]-cn-Wm-a-ßƒ. I∂-U-Ønepw sXep-Kp-

hnepw a‰p-ap-ff kzcm-\p-kw-hmZ (vowel harmony) ßƒ.

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

hyRvP-\-ßƒ

ZmhnU hyRvP-\-ßƒ. Jc-ar-Zp-hn-\n-a-bw, A\p-\m-kn-I-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ kv]¿i-ßfpsS izmk-

\m-t -Zw, ae-bm-f-Ønse A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-]-k-cw, NIm-cm-tZ-iw, h¿Wy-h¿§-Øn¬ h∂ am‰-ßƒ.

Z¥y-h¿K-Øns‚ Xme-hym-tZ-iw. ]Zm-Zn-bnse RIm-c-Øn-\p, bIm-c-Øn\pw h∂ am‰-ßƒ. gIm-

c-Øns‚ hnhn[ ]Xn-^-e-\-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v \mev:

\ma-ßfpw Inb-Ifpw

enwK-h-N-\-hy-hÿ ˛ DØ-a-˛-a-[y-a-˛kz hmN k¿∆ \ma-ßƒ. AwK-]-Xybw (C-S-\n-e) hn`‡n

kwJym-\m-a-ßƒ

Inbm-kz-cq-]w. kI¿ΩI ]tbm-P-I-ßƒ, `qX-Im-ew-˛-`q-tX-X-c-Im-ew, k¿∆-\ma ]Xy-b-ßƒ,

km¿∆-\m-an-I-t`m-Z-\n-cm-kw, hn\-sb-®w-˛-t]-sc®w \ntbm-P-I-cq-]-ßƒ, \ntj[w

A\p-]-tbmKw: A¿∞-hn-ti-j-ßƒ, A\p-]-tbmK [mXp-°-fn¬ hcp∂ A¿∞-hy-Xn-bm-\w.

A\p ]tbm-K-Øns‚ hnhn[ [¿Ωßƒ.

34

bqWn‰v A©v:

ZmhnU ]Zm-hen

]Zm-h-en-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ. Zmhn-U-Ønse Ct¥m-˛-B-cy≥ ]Z-ßƒ ˛ Ct¥m ˛ Bcy-\nse

ZmhnU ]Z-ßƒ. Zmhn-Uhpw a‰p IpSpw-_-ß-fpw.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. ZmhnU `mjm imkvX ]T-\-ßƒ (sI.Fw ]`m-I-cc hmcn-b¿)

2. ZmhnU `mjm hymI-cWw (hn-h) Fkv. sI. \mb¿

3. A Comparative Grammer of the Dravidian or South Indian Family of Languages-R.Caldwell

4. Dravidian Linguistics (Seminar Papers) S. Agesthialingam & N.K. Kumaraswami Raja

5. Dravidian Languages - M.S. Andronov

6. Dravidian - S.K. Chatterji

7. Dravidian Linguistics - An Introduction - Kamil Zvelebil

8. Collected Papers on Dravidian Linguistics - T. Burrow

9. Collected Papers - M.B. Emeneau

10. Dravidian Studies - M.B. Emeneau

11. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary - T. Burrow & M.B. Emeneau

12. Telugu Verbal Bases - Bh. Krishna Murthi

13. Dravidian Comparative Phonology - Kamil Zvelebil

14. Comparative Dravidian Phonology - Kamil Zvelebil

15. Dravidian Comparative Phonology - P.S. Subramanyam

16. Post nasal voiceless plosives in Dravidian - N. Kumaraswami Raja

17. A Sketch of Comparative Dravidian Morphology - Makil Zvelebil

18. Dravidian Nouns - S.V. Shanmugam

19. Dravidian Verb Morphology P.S. Subramanyam

20. Auxilaries in Dravidian - (ed) S. Agesthilingom & G.S. Varma

21. Dravidian Syntax - (Ed) S. Agesthialingom & N. Rajasekharan Nair

22. Relevant articles of International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics.

Paper IX Modern Literaturet]∏¿ 9 B[p-\nI kmlnXyw ˛ 2

Ccp]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤w Bcw- n-®-tXmsS ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Bi-b-Øn-s‚bpw

Bhn-jv°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw m-hp-I-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Xe-ß¬ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-bn. Imev]-

\n-I-X-bpsS km‘y-tim` ]ns∂bpw Xßn-\n-s∂-¶nepw AXn∂p hncp-≤-amb ]h-W-X-Iƒ hf¿∂p

h∂p. Bi-b-]-chpw inev] cN-\m-]-c-hp-amb \ho-\-X-Iƒ ]Xy-£-s∏-´p. ]pXnb ]co-£-W-

ßƒ A]-cn-Nn-X-amb cq]-in-ev]-ßfpw hn`m-a-I-amb ]tab LS-\-Ifpw ]mc-ºcy `RvP-I-amb

`mjm ssien-Ifpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p. \mtSm-Sn-°-e-Iƒ, NnX-I-e, kn\na XpS-ßnb Ie-I-fpsS

kt¶-X-ßfpw cmjvSob kmaq-lnI ]Xy-b-im-kvX-ßfpw kmln-Xy-Øn¬ KWy-amb kzm[o\w

sNep-Øn. cN-\m-co-Xn-I-fnepw kwth-Z-\-Ønepw `mhp-I-Xz-Ønepw kw`-hn® CØcw ]cn-h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ hna¿i-_p-≤n-tbmsS ]Tn-°-Ww. C°m-esØ F√m ]h-W-X-I-sfbpw F-gp-Øp-Im-scbpw

kw_-‘n®v kmlnXy Ncn-X-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS kmam\y ⁄m\w t\Sn-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

35

hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

bqWn‰v H∂vv: IhnX

1. HmW-∏m-´p-Im¿ ˛ sshtem-∏n≈n

2. ]≠sØ ta¬im¥n ˛ A°nØw

3. Ipcp-t£Xw ˛ Aø∏∏Wn-°¿

4. Im´m-f≥ ˛ IS-Ω-\n´

5. kwI-aWw ˛ B‰q¿ chn-h¿Ω

6. sIm®n-bnse hr£-ßƒ ˛ sI.-Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

bqWn‰v c≠vvv: t\mh¬

1. Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-lmkw ˛ H.-hn. hnP-b≥

2. Hcp ZfnXv bph-Xn-bpsS IZ\ IY ˛ Fw. apIp-µ≥

bqWn‰v aq∂vv: sNdp-IY

1. Imen-®¥ ˛ am[-hn-°p´n

2. B¿°-dnbmw ˛ k°-dnb

3. lnKzn‰ ˛ F≥.-F-kv. am[-h≥

bqWn‰v \mev : \mS-Iw, Xnc-°Y

1. ]mº¿∏S ˛ hn.-F.F A okv

2. Ah-\-h≥ ISº ˛ Imhmew \mcm-bW∏Wn-°¿

3. sImSn-tb‰w (Xn-c-°-Y) ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

bqWn‰v A©vv: \ncq-]Ww

1. A«oe kmlnXyw ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv (a-e-bmf kmlnXy ]T-\-ßƒ, Unkn.-_p-Ivkv)

2. IÆo¿∏mSw ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿ (Im-hy-hyp-Xv]-Øn, amXr-`q-an _pIvÃmƒ)

3. A`n-\-h-Kp-]vX\pw bpßpw am¿Ivkpw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn (k-Xyw,inhw,kpµ-cw,F≥.-_n.-F-kv)

4. IpdØn ˛ Hcp A¿∞m-¥-c-\ymkw ˛ hn.-kn. ioP≥ (hm°pw hm°pw)

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. ae-bmf IhnXm kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

2. Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-º-cyhpw ˛ F≥.-F≥. I°mSv

3. Ihn-X-bnse ]Xn-k‘n ˛ H.-F≥.hn. Ipdp∏v

4. ]pXnb IrXn, ]gb s]mcpƒ (G-Un) ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

5. Ipcp-t£X ]T-\-ßƒ (G-Un) ˛ Fw.-Fw. _jo¿

6. Imhy-`m-j-bnse ]iv\-ßƒ (G-Un) ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

7. tIcf Ihn-X-bpsS e°-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿

8. ka-Im-eo\ Ihn-X-bpsS e°-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) sI.Pn i¶-c-∏n≈

9. kmln-Xy-temIw ˛ kvXohm-Z-∏-Xn∏v

10. kmln-Xy-temIw ˛ ]cn-ÿn-Xn-∏-Xn∏v

11. Understanding Poetry - James Reeves12. Modern Poets on Modern Poetry - (Ed) James Scully13. Poetry - Elezabeth Drew14 amdp∂ ae-bmf t\mh¬ ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥

15. ae-bmf t\mh¬ kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥

16. t\mh-en-te-bvs°mcp Infn-hm-Xn¬ ˛ hnem-kn\n

17. t\mh¬ : t_m[hpw ]Xn-t_m-[hpw ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥, BkmZv

18. CXn-lm-k-Øns‚ CXn-lmkw ˛ H.-hn. hnP-b≥

19. t\mh¬ ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ ae-bmfn ¢-∫v, aZn-cmin

36

20. KŸ-]qP ˛ Fw.-B¿. Nµ-ti-J-c≥

21. H.-hn. hnP-bs‚ Iebpw Z¿-i-\hpw ˛ ]n.-sI. cmP-ti-J-c≥

22. Jkm°v ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) sI.-Pn. Im¿Øn-tI-b≥,

Fw.IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn

23. The Novel Today - (Ed) malcolm Bradbury24. The Rhetoric of Novel - Wayan Booth25. Perspectives of Fiction - (Ed) James L. Colderwood26. ImYn-Is‚ Ie ˛ Fw.Sn

27. IY Imew t]mse ˛ F≥ iin-[-c≥

28. kz]v\hpw Ncn-Xhpw ˛ C.-]n. cmPtKm]m-e≥

29. Alw-t_m-[-Øns‚ k¿§m-fl-IX ˛ Fw.-sI. lcn-Ip-am¿

30. Xcn-ip-\n-e-Øns‚ IY-Iƒ ˛ If¿tImSv hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿

31. kvXo˛-kz-Xzw-˛-k-aqlw ˛ (GUn) C.-hn. cma-Ir-jvW≥

32. Short story (Critical Idiom Series) -33. ae-bmf \mSI kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

34. kqX-[m-cm, FXn-te, FXnte ˛ hbem hmkp-tZ-h≥ ]n≈

35 Pn. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsS teJ-\-ßƒ ˛ tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan

36. \mSIw thtWm \mSIw ˛ F≥.-F≥ ]n≈

37 Acßv ˛ ]km-[\w en‰n¬ Xnb-t‰gvkv

38 kn\n-a-bpsS temIw ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

39 kn\n-a, Zriyhpw ]T-\hpw ˛ the-∏≥ Be-∏mSv

40. kn\n-a, Zriyhpw ]T-\hpw ˛ the-∏≥ Be-∏m´v

41. Ne-®nX kao£ ˛ hnP-b-Ir-jvW≥

42. The Living Art - An Introduction to theatre and Drama Piolip G. Hill43. Narration in the Fiction film - David Boardwell44. bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ \mep apJ-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) \nkm¿ Al-ΩZv

45. kn\na ˛ kXyhpw anYybpw ˛

tXm´w cmP-tiJ-c≥

46. hna¿i\w ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw ˛ sI.-Fw. Um\n-b¬

47. \ncq-]Ww ]pXnb apJw -˛ (G-Un) B¿. cma-N-µ≥, tPm¿÷v Ccp-º-bw,

Fw. KwKm-[-c≥

48. Modernism/Post modernism (B) - Peter Brooks49. The Political Unconscious - Fredric Jameson50. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS a[ym”w ˛ B¿. \tc-µ-]-kmZv

51. ka-Ime \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ hyXykvX

apJ-ßƒ ˛ ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamcI SÃv

(I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

52. DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-enbpw ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥

53. I°m-Sns‚ IhnX ˛ tIcf kmlnXy kanXn

54. sNdp-IYm kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. _jo¿

37

Paper X Grammart]∏¿ 10 hym-I-cWw

Ipdn∏v : tIcf-]m-Wn\obsØ ASn-ÿm-\-K-Ÿ-ambn kzoI-cn®v sIm≠m-bn-cn-°Ww ]T-\w.

hna¿i\-Øn-\p-th≠n ap≥Im-e-Ir-Xn-I-sfbpw ]n¬°me ]T-\-ß-sfbpw D]-Po-hn-°-Ww.

bqWn‰v H∂v :

ae-bm-f-`m-j-bpsS cq]o-I-c-W-Øn\v t]c-I-amb `qan imkvX-]-c-amb Imc-W-ßƒ ae-bmf `mj-

bpsS D¬]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n \ne-hn-ep≈ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ hna¿i ZrjvSym hne-bn-cp-Ø¬

bqWn‰v c≠v :

A£-c-am-e, h¿Æw, A£-cw, en]n, Ch XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-kw, A£-c-ß-fpsS aqey \n¿Æbw

h¿Æ-hn-Im-c-ßƒ, k‘o-Im-cy-ßƒ.

bq-Wn‰v aq∂v:

\maw, enwKw, hN-\w, hn`‡n ]Xy-b-ßƒ hni-Z-amb ]T-\w.

bq-Wn‰v \mevv:

Inbm hn`-P-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\w, ImemZn ]Xy-b-ßƒ Ah-bpsS \njm-]m-Z-\w, hna¿i\w

bq-Wn‰v A©vvv:

t`ZIw˛ ae-bm-f-Øn-se t`Z-I-ßƒ°p≈ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

kam-kw. AXn\v `mj-bn-ep≈ ]m[m-\yw, kam-k-t`-Z-ßƒ

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. tIc-f-`mjm hn⁄m-\obw ˛ tUm. sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω

2. hymI-c-W-anXw ˛ tij-Kncn ]`p

3. ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw ˛ tPm¿÷vam-Ø≥

4. ae-bmf `mjm hymI-cWw ˛ Kp≠¿´v

5. tIcf ]mWob `mjyw ˛ kn. F¬ B‚Wn

6. ae-bmf `mjm ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) sI.-Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿ & cho-µ≥

7. Studies in Malayalam grammer - K.M. Prabhakara Iyer8. hymI-cW ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ ae-bmf hna¿iw \º¿ 14 (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

9. Notes on Kerala Paniniyam - L.V. Ramaswamy Iyer10 hymI-cW ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ ae-bmf hna¿iw \º¿ 14 (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

11. hymI-cW kao£ ˛ sI.-Fw. ]`m-Ic hmcy¿ (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

Paper XI Literary Theoriest]∏¿ 11 kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

F. `mc-Xob kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

bqWn‰v H∂v:

Ihn, Imhyw, klr-Z-b≥, Imhy-imkvXw F∂n-h-bpsS \n¿∆--N-\-ßƒ, Ae-¶mc imkvX-Øns‚

hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ, Imhy-tl-Xp-hpw, Imhy ]tbm-P-\-hpw, Ae-¶mc ]≤-Xn, coXn kn≤m-¥w,

KpWhnth-N-\w.

bqWn‰v c≠v:

ck-kn-≤m¥w ck-kq-Xhpw hymJym-\-ß-fpw, [z\n kn≤m¥w i_vZ-hym-]m-c-ßƒ, [z\n-bpsS

e£-Whpw hn`m-K-ß-fpw, htIm-‡n, HuNn-Xyw, [z\n-ckm hmZ-ß-fpsS ]cm-P-bw.

38

bqWn‰v aq∂v :

]q¿∆m¿≤w

`mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Ae¶mc ]I-cWw ˛ AXn-i-bw, kmayw, hmkvX-hw, t«jw F∂o-hn-`m-K-

ß-fnse Ae-¶m-c-ß-fpsS e£y-e-£W ka-\z-b-tØmSpw Xmc--X-ay-tØmSpw IqSn-bp≈ A≤y-b-

\w, i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ßƒ.

hrØaRvPcn ˛ Xmsg ]d-bp∂ kwkvIr-X-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS e£-W-k-a-\z-b-tØm-sS-bp≈ A≤y-

b\w hnZyp-∑m-e, h‡w, A\p-jvSp-∏v, Cµ-h-P, Dt]-µ-h-P, D]-Pm-Xn, atYm-≤-X, kzmK-X, imen\n,

hwiÿw, Cµ-hw-i, ZpX-hn-fw-_n-Xw, tXmS-Iw, `pPw-K-]-bm-Xw, ]l¿jn-Wn, aRvPp-`m-jn-Wn,

AXn-cp-Nn-c, hk¥ Xne-Iw, Cµp-h-Z-\, amen-\n, ]©-Nm-a-cw, Aiz-K-Xn, inJ-cn-Wn, ]r∞n, aµm-

Im-¥, lcn-Wn, a√n-I, im¿±q-e-hn-Io-Un-Xw, kKv≤-c, Ipkp-a-a-RvP-cn, hntbm-Kn-\n, hk-¥-am-en-I,

]pjv]n-Xm-K, BJym-\In (34 FÆw)

ZWvUIw ˛ NWvU-hr-jvSn-]-bm-Xw, C£p,- Z-WvUnI, hwi-b-jvSn-I, XnJ-WvUn-I.

`mjmhrØ-]-I-cWw ˛ `mjm-hrØ e£Ww ˛ `mjm-hr-Ø-ßƒ e£y-e-£-W-tØmsS ]Tn-°-

Ww.

Ipdn∏v :

`mc-Xob kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬ A\p-am-\w, htI-‡n, HuNnXyw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v c≠v

]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-bmsX DØcw F-gp-tX-≠p∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ tNmZy-ßƒ amXta tNmZn-°m-hq.

_n. ]m›mXy kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

bqWn‰v aq∂v : DØ-cm¿≤w

kmln-Xy-Ie ˛ kmam-\y-hn-h-c-Ww, kmlnXy \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ, kmln-Xy-Øns‚ auenI LS-I-

ßƒ, kmlnXycq]-ßƒ, kmlnXy ]ÿm-\-ßƒ.

bh\ kmlnXy Z¿i\w ˛ πmt‰m-bpsS A\p-I-cW kn≤m-¥w, Acn-tÃm-´n-ens‚ Zpc¥ \mSI

Z¿i-\w, slmdm-kns‚ Ihn-in-£, temwKn-\- ns‚ DZm-ØXm k¶-ev]w.

bqWn‰v \mevv :

Imev]-\nIm Imhy kn≤m¥w th¿Uvkv h¿Øv; tImf-dn-UvPpw, mh-\-bpw, Iev]-\-bpw, tSmƒtÃm-

bpsS A`n-kw-I-a-W-hm-Z-hpw; tIma®-bpsS A¥¿÷\ kn≤m-¥hpw; Sn.-Fkv Gen-b-´v, sF.F

dn®m¿Uvkv F∂n-h-cpsS kmlnXy hna¿i\ kn≤m-¥-ß-fpw.

bqWn‰v A©v :

cq]-]-cw, kmaq-lnI ˛ cmjvSX-¥-]-cw, a\:imkvX-]-cw, BZn-cq-]-]-cw, ssieo-hn-⁄m-\obw

F∂o hna¿i\ kao-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\y ]cn-⁄m-\w, LS\m hn-⁄m\w (kvS-Iv®-d-en-

kw) Nn” imkvXw (sk-an-tbm-´n-Ivkv, A]-\n¿ΩmWw (Uo I¨kvS-£≥) kvXo]£ kao-

]\w (s^-an-\n-kw) apX-emb B[p-\n-Im-\¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-ßƒ.

Ipdn∏v :

B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-t\bpw-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam-\y-amb Adnhp

amXta hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ \n∂p ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p-≈q. ]mY-an-Im-Ic KŸ-ßƒ (Primary Sources)hnZym¿-∞n-Iƒ ]Tn-®n-cn-°-W-sa∂p \n¿_-‘-an-√.

]T-\-Øn\p klm-b-I-amb `mKw. M.H. Abrams s‚ A Glossary of Literary Terms (Sixth edi-tion, A Prism Indian Edition, Bangalore) -F∂ ]pkvX-I-Ønse Modern Theories of Literatureand criticism (Page 223-286).

][m-\-s∏´ klm-bI KŸw ˛ The Cambridge History of Literary Criticism Vol. 8 - FromFormalism to Post Structuralism Ed. By Ramen Selden.

kqN\: A©masØ bqWn-d-dnse Hmtcm hna¿i\ kao-]-\-sØ-∏-‰nbpw tNmZyw tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ

c≠p ]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-bmsX DØcw Fgp-tX≠p∂ tNmZy-ßƒ amXta tNmZn--°m-hq.

39

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

A. `mc-Xobw

1. History of Sanskrit Poetics - S.K. Dc2. An Introduction of Indian Poetics - (Ed) Dr. V. Raghavan & Dr. Nagendra3. `mc-Xob Imhy imkvXw ˛ tUm. Sn.- `mkv°-c≥

4. `mc-Xob Imhy-imkvX kmcw ˛ thZ-_‘p

5. `mjm-`q-jWw ˛ F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

6. hrØ-a-RvPcn ˛ Sn.

7. kmln-Xy-`q-jWw ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv

8. ssIc-fn-[z\n ˛ tUm.-]n.sI \mcm-b-W-∏n≈

9. Ae-¶mc imkvXw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ tUm. NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn

10. coXn Z¿i\w ˛ Sn.

11. Imhy Nn¥ ˛ Sn. en.-]n. Id‚ v _pIvkv, tImgn-t°mSv

B. ]m›mXyw

1. Theory of Literature - Rene Wellek & Austin Warren2 Literary Criticism: A Short History - Wimsatt & Brooks3 A History of Modern Criticism Vol I IV - Rene Wellek4 20th Century Literary Criticism A reader - (Ed) David Lodge5 Modern Criticism and Theory (Ed) Do6 Twentieth Century Literary Criticism Major Statements (Eds) Handy & West Prock.7 Five Approaches of Literary Criticism (Ed) Wilber Scoot8 bh\ Imhy-X-Øz-ßƒ ˛ thZ-_‘p

9 ]m›mXy kmlnXy Z¿i\w ˛ Fw. ANyp-X≥

10. ]m›mXy kmlnXy XØz-imkvXw ˛ sI.-Fw. Xc-I≥

11. Imhy-ao-amwk ˛ ]uc-kvXyhpw ]m›m-Xyhpw ˛ F≥. B¿ tKm]n-\m-Y-]n≈

12. B[p-\n-I-a-e-bmf Ihn-X-bnse kvXo]£ kao-]-\-ßƒ ˛ KoX, en]n _pIvkv, tImgn-t°mSv

Paper XII Subsidary Subject - Sanskritt]∏¿ 12 A\p-_-‘-hn-jbw ˛ kwkvIr-Xw

[Fw.F ae-bmfw t\m¨ ska-Ã¿ kº-Zm-b-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy-]-≤-Xnbpw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-

ßfpw AtX-]Sn ]n≥ XpS-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ kwkvIr-X-Øn-\p≈ ]mTy- m-Khpw

t\m¨ ska-Ã¿ kº-Zm-b-Øns‚Xp Xs∂-bmWv]

SUBSIDIARY SANSKRIT FOR M.A (MALAYALAM)

Duration: Three hours Marks: 1251. Poetry : Kumarasambhava (Conto I) 352. Drama : Mattavilasaprahasanam 303. Grammar : (Based on the Text)

a. Declension of the sabdas: vrksa, lata, kavi, rajan, asmad and yusmad. 4b. Conjugation of the dhatus bhu and vand in five (lat, lit, lrt, lan and lot) 4c. Sandhi: svara, vyanjana and visarda. 6d. Samasa: avyavibhava, tatpurusa, dvandva and bahuvrhi 6

4. Poetics: 201. Kavyaprakasa of Mammata (Chapter I)

40

2. Kavyadarsa of Dandi (Chapter I - mahakavyalasana only)

(Reference: Sanskrtasahityavinarsanam by N.V.P (Unithiri, Kerala Bhasha Institute,Thiruvananthapuram)

5. Dramaturgy - based on text.

Definition of ten rupakas

(Reference: K.R. Narayana Disharoti's Malayalam

Translation of Natyasastra, Kerala Sahitya Academy Trissur

Note: The same syllabus may be applicable to the Subsidiary of Sanskrit of Mannada andHindi Main.

Paper XIII Optional Subject (A) Literary Criticism in Malayalamt]∏¿ 13 sF—nI hnjbw (F) ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w

ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Øns‚ D¬∏-Ønbpw hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßfpw Imem-\p-I-a-ambn

]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv Cu t]∏-dns‚ e£yw. ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ AX-Xn-S-ß-fn¬ sImSp-Øn-´p-

s≠-¶nepw ka-Im-en-I-am-bp≈ \ncq-]-W-ßfpw hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ kmam-\y-]-T-\-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-t°-

≠-Xm-Wv.

bqWn‰v H∂v:

Imhy-]-T\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ ]mcw-`-Zi

1. eoem-Xn-eIw F∂ kmlnXy e£W KŸw ˛ ckw, Imhy `mj, KpW-tZm-jm-e-¶m-cm-Zn-Iƒ

F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ eoem-Xn-e-I-Ønse N¿®.

2. ae-bm-f-Ønse hymJym\ ]mc-ºcyw ˛ ]mNo\ a[y-Im-eo-\-L-´-ß-fn¬ kwkvIrX Imhy-

ßƒ°pw kvtXmX-ßƒ°pw ae-bm-f-Øn-ep≠mb hymJym-\-ßƒ ˛ Ah-bnse kmln-Xob

kao-]\w ˛ kmln-Xym-≤y-b\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬.

3. tIm´-bØp Xºp-cm≥, DÆm-bn, hm-cy¿, KncnPm Ieym-W-Im-c≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ kzIm-hy-ß-fn¬

Imhy e£-Ww, Imhy kzcq-]w, Imhy LS\ F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®p \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ ˛

a[y-Ime ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Ønse Ihn-I-fpsS Imhy k¶-ev]w.

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

B[p-\nI hna¿i-\-Øns‚ Bhn¿`mhw

1. tIcf h¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ ˛ `jm kmlnXy hnIm-k-sØ-∏-‰n, Ah-Xm-cn-I-Ifpw

\ncq-]-W-ßfpw ]pkvX-Im-`n-]m-b-ß-fpw, ]mk-hm-Zhpw AXn¬ tIc-f-h¿Ω hln® ]¶pw.

2. ]X-]-h¿Ø-\hpw kmlnXy hna¿i-\hpw ˛ kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\ms‚ kw`m-h\

3. hna¿i\w kmlnXy Ncn-X-Øn¬ ˛ Kth-j-Whpw ]T-\hpw \ncq-]-Whpw kmlnXy Ncn-X-

Øn¬ ae-bm-f-Ønse ]Ya kmlnXy Ncn-Xw, k¿∆m-[n-Im-cy-°m¿ tKmhn-µ-∏n-≈-bpsS kmlnXy

kao-]-\w.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. ZznXo-bm-£-c-]mkw ˛ tIcf h¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥

2. abqc ktµiw ˛ kn.-]n. ANyq-X-ta-t\m≥

3. Xp©Øp-cm-am-\p-P≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥ (J-WvUnI 374 apX¬ 405 hsc) `mjm N-cnXw ˛

]n. tKmhn-µ-∏n≈

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

cmP-cm-P-h¿Ωbpw ka-Im-en-Icpw

1. F. Bdns‚ \ncq-]Ww Ah-Xm-cn-I-Ifpw ]T-\-ßfpw, kmln-Xy-Ønse KZy-km-lnXy XØzw.

41

2. kmlnXy ]©m-\≥ ˛ Poh-N-cn-Xhpw ]mWvUn-Xym-[n-jvTn-X-hp-amb \ncq-]Ww

3. sI. cma-Ir-jvW-∏n-≈-bpsSbpw aqt°m-Øp-Ip-am-c-s‚bpw hna¿i\-ßƒ.

4. Ihn-X-b-Øns‚ \ncq-]-Ww.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. \fn-\n-bpsS Ah-Xm-cnI

2. NnX-tbmK \ncq-]Ww 1,2 Ipam-c-\m-im≥

3. HSp-hn¬ I™p-°r-jvW-ta-t\m≥ ˛ D≈q¿

4. eoe ˛ Hcp \ncq-]Ww ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

bqWn‰v \mevv:

ae-bmf \ncq-]-W-Øns‚ kph¿Æ Zi

1. tIkcn G. _me-Ir-jvW-]n-≈, Fw.-]n. t]mƒ, Ipń IrjvW-am-cm-cv, ap≠-t»-cn, Ip‰n-∏p-g, sI.

`mkv°-c≥ \mb¿, F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿, kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°m-Sv, Fkv Kp]vX≥ \mb¿

F∂n-h-cn-eqsS ae-bmf hna¿i\w B¿÷n® hf¿®.

2. ]ÿm-\w, kt¶-Xw, kuµ-cym-fl-I-X, [¿Ω-\n-jvT-X, cq]- -Z-X, kmaq-lnI ]Xn-_-≤X F∂nh

ae-bmf hna¿i-\-Øn¬.

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. _mey-Ime kJn ˛ Ah-Xm-cnI ˛ Fw.-]n. t]mƒ

2. hmevao-In-bpsS cma≥ ˛ Ipń-Ir-jvW-am-cmcv (cm-Pm-¶-Ww)

3. ktµiw AsXm-t∂-bp≈p ˛ ap≠-t»cn (am-\-Z-WvUw)

4. Bim≥ ssien-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ kpIp-am¿ Ago-t°mSv (a-e-bmf kmlnXy ]T-

\-ßƒ)

5. h≈-tØm-fns‚ hy‡n kzcq]w ˛ Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿ (C-k-ßƒ°-∏p-dw)

bqWn‰v A©vv:

1. a\:imkvXw, \c-hw-i-im-kvXw, am¿In-kw, tamtU-Wn-kw, t]mÃv tamtU-Wnkw apX-emb ]m›mXy

Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fp-sSbpw ]m›mXy hna¿i\ kº-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm[o-\-Øns‚ ê-ambn ae-bmf

kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Øn-\p-≠mb hf¿®, Fw.-]n. i¶p-Æn-\m-b¿, Fw. eoem-h-Xn, Fw. F≥ hnP-b≥,

k®n-Zm-\-µ≥, sI.-]n. A∏≥, Bjm-ta-t\m≥, hn. cmP-Ir-jvW≥, _n. cmPo-h≥, B¿. hniz-\m-Y≥, hn.-

kn. ioP≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Øn∂p \¬Inb ]pXnb am\-ßƒ

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. klys‚ aI≥ ˛ Fw. F≥ hnP-b≥

2. ]qX-∏m´v ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn (h¿Æ-cm-Pn)

3. Ah-[q-Xs‚ \njm-Z-ßƒ ˛ Bjm-ta-t\m≥ (-]-cm-K-tIm-i-ßƒ)

4. taL-cq-]≥ ˛ B¿. hniz-\m-Y≥

(ssieo hn⁄m\w ka-Ime ]T-\-ßƒ) ˛ Id‚ v _p-Ivkv,- tIm-´bw

5. DØ-cm-[p-\nI `mh-\-bpsS t]c-W-Iƒ ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥ (D-Ø-cm-[p-\n-IX

h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-en-bpw)

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. eoem-Xn-eIw

2. tIcf kmlnXy NcnXw ˛ hmfyw H∂v Df-fq¿

3. ]kwK kwKlw ˛ tIcf h¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥

4. ]_‘ kwKlw ˛ F. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

5. kmlnXykmlyw ˛ Sn.

6. ]mk-hmZw ˛ (km-ºm) Fkv. sI. hk-¥≥

42

7. ]©m-\\s‚ hna¿i-Xbw ˛ ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n≈

8. Bim≥ hna¿i-\-Øns‚ BZy civan-Iƒ ˛ aq¿t°mØp Ipam-c≥

9. KŸ-hn-lmcw ˛ h≈-tØmƒ

10. tIk-cn-bpsS kmlnXy hna¿i-\-ßƒ

11. Ie PohnXw Xs∂ ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

12. ae-bmf \ncq-]Ww C∂se ˛ kºm. Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿

13. Sn. ae-bmf hna¿i\w \º¿ 9

14. \ncq-]Ww ]pXnb apJw ˛ G.-Un. B¿ cma-N-µ≥

15. \ho\ hna¿i\w ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ amºpg A∏p-°p-´≥


17. B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c hn-Nm-cw, hmb\ ˛ ]n.-]n. c-ho-µ≥

18. B[p-\n-Im-\-¥c kmlnXy kao-]-\-ßƒ F.Un kn.-sP, tPm¿÷v

19. ae-bmf kmlnXy hna¿i\w ˛ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥ ]n≈

20. Imƒ am¿Ivkns‚ Iem-Z¿i\w k®n-Zm-\-µ≥ (aƒ_-dn)

21. am¿Ivkn-khpw Iebpw ˛ sI,-F-kv \mcm-b-W-]n≈ (aƒ_-dn)

22 DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ kn._n kp[m-I-c≥

23 DØ-cm-[p-\n-IX ˛ h¿Ø-am-\hpw hwim-h-enbpw ˛ sI.-]n. A∏≥

24. \h-bp-K-inev]n cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω ˛ cma-N-µ≥ \mb¿

25. B[p-\n-tIm-Ø-c-X, hni-I-e-\hpw hna¿i-\hpw ˛ hn.-kn. ioP≥

26. kmln-Xy-ao-amwk : Xmc-Xayw ]cn-t]£yw ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn

27. ]mThpw s]mcpfpw ˛ kn. cmtP-µ≥

Paper XIII Optional Subject (B) Modern Poetryt]∏¿ 13 sF—nI hnjbw (_n) B[p-\nI IhnX

Ccp-]Xmw \qd-dm-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤-Øn¬ aebmf Ihn-X-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ \thm-]-Z¿i-\-

ßfpw \qX\ ]ta-b-ßfpw ]pXnb cN--\m-X-¥-ßfpw \ho\ mhp-I-Xz-hp-amWv Cu t]∏-dn\v hnj-

bw, amXr-I-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ GXm\pw Ihn-X-Iƒ hni-Z-]-T-\-Øn\p Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.

bqWn‰v H∂v:

1. Ip‰n-∏pdw ]mew ˛ CS-t»cn

2. CSn™p s]mfn™ temIw ˛ A°nØw

3. Fen-Iƒ ˛ F≥. hn. IrjvW-hm-cn-b¿

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

1. ^o\nIvkv ˛ H.-F≥.-hn. Ipdp∏v

2. Zp:Jam-hpI kpJw ˛ Hf-∏-aÆ

3. tPmkv tPmk-^ns‚ acWw ˛ Pn. Ipam-c-]n≈

4. apJ-sa-hnsS? hnjvWp-\m-cm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xncn

bqWn‰v aq∂v:

1. aWn-b-d-bn-te°v ˛ am[h≥ Aø-∏Øv

2. kulrZw ˛ B¿. cma-N-µ≥

3. hnam-\-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ Hcp Ihn ˛ Fw. F≥. ]meqcv

43

bqWn‰v \mev:

1. Nm°me ˛ IS-Ω-\n´ cma-Ir-jvW≥

2. HSp-hn¬ Rms\m-‰-bm-Ip∂p ˛k-®n-Zm-\-µ≥

3. ]m≠n ˛ B‰q¿ chn-h¿Ω

4. bmXm-samgn ˛ _me-N-µ≥ Np≈n-°mSv

5. ImSv ˛ Un. hn\-b-N-µ≥

bqWn‰v A©v:

1. \mSp-hm-gn-Iƒ ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

2. Idp∏v ˛ F. Aø-∏≥

3. c≠p Ihn-X-Iƒ ˛ Ip™pÆn ( ae-bmf Ihn-X, kam-l-cWw k®n-Zm-\-µ≥)

4. Ncnhv ˛ kmhnXn cmPo-h≥

5. ImsW-°msW ˛ ]`m-h¿Ω

6. Nµ-\mgn ˛ ]`m-h¿Ω

7. \mdm-WØp `m¥≥ ˛ hn. a[p-kq-Z-\≥ \m-b¿

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-lnXy NcnXw ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

2. h¿Æ-cmPn ˛ Fw. eoem-hXn

3. B[p-\nI IhnXm ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ kºm. Pn. cLp-Ip-am¿

4. tIcf Ihn-X-bnse Ifnbpw Nncnbpw ˛ ]k-∂-cm-P≥

5. Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°-cpsS teJ-\-ßƒ ˛ Aø-∏-]-Wn-°¿

6. Ihn-Xbpw ]mc-º-cyhpw ˛ F≥. F≥ I°mSv

7. Ihn-Xbpw P\-Xbpw ˛ k®n-Zm-\-µ≥

8. Ihn-bpsS Iem-X¥w ˛ tZi-aw-Kew cma-Ir-jvW≥

Paper XIII Optional Subject (C) Media and Literaturet]∏¿ 13 sF—nI hnjbw (kn) am[y-a-ßfpw kmln-Xyhpw

bqWn‰v H∂v:

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Øz-ßƒ ˛ NcnXw ˛ ]e-Xcw Bib hn\n-a-tbm-]m-[n-Iƒ ˛

Ah-bpsS kº-Zm-bhpw kz`m-hhpw ˛ amkv Iayq-Wn-t°-js‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ˛ s]mXp-

P-\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛ ]X ]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ XØz-ßfpw [¿Ω-ßfpw ˛ ]X-]-h¿Ø-

Is‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßfpw kaq-l-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\hpw dnt∏m¿´nw-Kv, FUn-‰nwKv kmam\y[mcW

˛ F¥mWv hm¿Øm ]X-ß-fpsS sI´pw a´pw ˛ `c-W-Iq-S-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛ ]c-ky-ß-fpsS

kz`mhw ˛ `mj ˛ ]tbm-P-\-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v c≠v

kmln-Xyhpw am[y-a-ßfpw ˛ ae-bm-f-Ønse hnhn[ kmlnXy cq]--ß-fpsS hnIm-k-Øn¬ am[y-a-

ß-fpsS ]¶v BZy-Ime ]X-ßfpw amkn-I-Ifpw ˛ Ah-bpsS kz`mhw ˛ k¿§m-flI kmln-Xy-

Øn\v sImSpØ ]m[m-\yw. hna¿i-\-Øns‚ hnIm-kw. ssh-⁄m-\nI kmln-Xy-Øn\v \¬Inb

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ˛ ]n¬°me ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw kmln-Xyhpw ˛ ]X-`mj ˛ kmam\y hyh-lmc

`mjbpw am\-I-`m-j-bp-am-bp≈ _‘w.

bqWn‰v aq∂v

Ce-IvtSm-WnIv aoUnb ˛ tdUn-tbm, Sn.-hn., kn\n-a, Iºyq-´¿ F∂n-h-bpsS [¿Ω-ßƒ ˛ Bi-b-

hn-\n-ab cwKØp-h∂ hnπhw hnhc kmt¶-XnI hnZy aƒ´o-an-Unb ]pXnb hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab

44

kt¶-X-ßƒ ˛ tdUntbm t]PnwKv ˛ sk¬t^m¨ ˛ Cdn-Un-bw, C. sabn¬, sSen-sa-Un-kn≥ ˛

sSen-t°m¨ ^≥kn-ßv, hoUntbm sSIvkv, t]gvk-W¬ IΩyq--an-t°-j≥ s\‰v h¿°v k¿∆okv

˛ C‚¿s\‰v ªq˛-U-ªyq,, Uªyq ˛ UnPn-‰¬ NnX-ßƒ ˛ Ce-IvtSm-WnIv ]ªn-jnwKv ˛ C.-_p-°v,

C. tImw., Un.-Sn.-]n. ˛ kn.Un tdmw.

bqWn‰v \mev

kmln-Xyhpw Ce-IvtSm-WnIv aoUn-bhpw ˛ amdn-h-cp∂ hn⁄m-\-cwKw ˛ imkvX-cw-KØv Iºyq-

´¿ Um‰ t_kp-Iƒ ˛ Ie, XØz-im-kvXw, `mjm imkvXw, aXw, kmlnXyw XpS-ßn-b-h-bnepw

Um‰m t_kp-Iƒ Ce-IvtSm-WnIv sse_-dn-Ifpw hmb-\-°m-c\pw Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\pw, C‚¿s\-

d-dpw, Iºyq-´¿ X¿÷a ˛ IrXn-a-_p-≤n, Sn.-hn, tP¿W-en-kw˛ sSen-hn-j-\nse hm¿Ø-Iƒ, kocn-

b-ep-Iƒ, hn⁄m\ ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ, ]c-ky-ßƒ ˛ Ch-bpsS kº-Zm-bhpw `mjbpw ˛ t_m[-\-cw-

KØv Sn.-hn.bpw Iºyq-´dpw ˛ C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ bpKhpw kaq-l-hpw.

bqWn‰v A©v

kn\n-abpw kmln-Xyhpw kn\nam ]T-\-ß-fpsS ]k-‡n, ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpsS hf¿® kmln-

Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ ]e-Xcw A\p-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ (adaptations) (t\m-h¬, IY, \mS-Iw, Ihn-X) ˛

kn\n-a-bnse ˛ tZiy-`m-j-I-fp-am-bp≈ _‘w ˛ hm¿Ø NnX-ßƒ ˛ kn\n-a°v kaq-l-Øn-ep≈

kzm[o\w ˛ kn\namkzmZ-\-Ønse ]iv\-ßƒ.

klm-bI KŸ-ßƒ

1. C≥t^m¿ta-j≥ sSIvt\m-fPn ˛ ANypXv Fkv \mb¿

2. am[y-a-ßfpw ae-bmf kmln-Xyhpw ˛ Fw.-hn. tXm-a-kv, t\j-W¬ FUyp-t°-j≥ dnk¿®v

sk‚¿-˛-Xn-cp-h-\-¥-]pcw

3. ]X-ßƒ hnNn-Xßƒ ˛ sI.-]n. hnP-b≥

4. ]X-`mj ˛ ] v A°m-Zan

5. ae-bmf ]X ]h¿Ø\ NcnXw ˛ ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥

6. kz.te ˛Fw.sI tat\m≥


8. sSen-hn-j≥ tP¿W-enkw ˛ cmP-tKm-]m¬

9. ae-bmf kn\n-a-bpw, kmln-Xyhpw ˛ a[p Cd-h-¶c

10. kn\n-abpw ]Xy-b-im-kvXhpw ˛ hn.-sI. tPmk^v

11. kn\n-a-bpsS temIw ˛ ASq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥

12. Ne-®n-Xm-kzm-Z\w Fßns\ ˛ tImgn-t°m-S≥

13. Ne-®n-X-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ

14. Ne-®nX kao£˛hn-P-b-Ir-jvW≥

15. ae-bmf kn\na hm 1,9,2 ˛knhn°v

16. kn\n-a-bpsS hgn-bn¬ ˛ sF. jäp-J-Zmkv

17. k©m-cn-bpsS hoSv ˛ sF. jäp-J-Zmkv

18. ae-ap-I-fn¬ a™p-s]-øp∂p ˛ sF. jäp-J-Zmkv

19. ImgvN-bpsS Aim¥n ˛ hn. cmP-Ir-jvW≥

20. Mass communication in India - Keval J. Kumar21. Internet for everyone - Alexis Ieon, Mathews Leon22. The Wonder chip K.D. Pavate23. Structured Computer Organisation - Andrew S. Tenembaum24. Literature and Film25. Malayalam Literary Survey Vol 21 No. 4 Oct Dec 1999 & Vol 22 No. 1 Jan March 200026. What is cinema - Anderzen27. The Oxford History of Cinema - Geoffry Smith Noel28. Oxford Guide to Film studies - Ed. John Hill & Pamela Church Gibson

45

29. The subject of Cinema - Gaston Roberge30. Double Exposure - Fiction into Film - Boyum, Joy Gould31. The television handbook - patricia Holland32. \m´p-hn-tijw ˛ tXma v tP°_v & Sn. thWp-tKm-]m¬

33. hrØm¥ ]X ]h¿Ø\w ˛ sI. cma-Ir-jvW-∏n≈

Paper XIV Optional Subject (A) Malayalam Gramatical Theoriest]∏¿ 14 sF—nI hnjbw (F) ae-bmf hymI-cW kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

bqWn‰v H∂v:

hymI-cW cN\ : e£y-hpw, ]iv\-ßfpw ˛ BI-c-km-a-Kn-Iƒ

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

eoem-Xn-eIw apX¬ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\o-b-Øn\pw ap≥]p-h-sc-bp≈ tIc-fo-b-cpsS hymI-c-W-Ir-Xn-

Iƒ kmam-\y-h-tem-I-\w. tPm¿÷v amØs‚ ae-bm-◊-bpsS hymI-c-W-Øns‚ ]m[m-\yw.

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

anj-W-dn-amcpw ae-bm-f-hym-I-c-Whpw˛Ncn-X-Øns‚ kmam-\y-h-tem-I-\w. IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw

\evtI-≠-Xmb sshbm-I-c-W-∑m¿˛A¿tÆm-kv]m-Xn-cnbpw Kp≠¿´pw.

bqWn‰v \mevv:

tIc-f-]m-Wn-\obw ˛ CXnse hymI-cW kn≤m-¥-ßƒ

bqWn‰v A©vv:

tIc-f-]m-Wn\o-b-hn-a¿i-\-ßƒ ˛ Ah-bpsS NcnXw ˛ kmam\y ]cn-N-bw, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ IqSp-

X¬ i≤n-t°-≠-Xmb sshbm-I-c-W-∑m¿ tij-Kncn ]`phpw F¬.-hn.-B-dpw.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. History of grammatical Theories in malayalam - K.N. Ezhuthachan2. Notes on Kerala Paniniyam - L.V. Ramaswamy Iyer3. Linguistic Interpretations of Lilatilakam - A.R. Gopala Pillai4 Studies In Malayalam Grammer - K.M. Prabhakara Varior5. ae-bmf hymI-c-W-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛ (G-Un) cm[m-Ir-jvW≥ ap√-t»cn

6. ae-bmf `mjm ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ kn.-F¬. B‚Wn

7. ae-bmf hymI-cW ]T-\-ßƒ ˛ sI.-Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿

8. hymI-cW ]T-\-ßƒ (]-km) (a-e-bmf hna¿iw 14) thWp-tKm-]me ]Wn-°¿

9. eoem-Xn-eIw kmaq-lnI `mjm imkvX-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ ˛ Fkv.-hn. j¨apJw

10. tIcf ]mWn-\ob hna¿iw ˛ ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥

11. tIcf ]mWn-\ob hna¿ihpw a‰pw ˛ (k-ºm) F≥. kmw.

12. tIcf ]mWn-\obw Nne A\p-_‘ Nn¥-Iƒ ˛ ]n. aocm-°p´n

13. ae-bmf Inb-Iƒ ˛ taml≥Zmkv

14. hymI-cW hnthIw ˛ F≥. F≥ aq Xv

15. ae-bmf hymI-cWw ]tbm-K-Øn¬ ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn

16. Relative Clause in malayalam - P.T Abraham17. Nominal Composition in Malayalam - P.N. Ravindran18. Malayalam Verbal forms - V.R. Prabodhachandran Nair19. tIcf]mWn-\obw ˛ F.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

46

20. eoem-Xn-eIw (B-ZysØ 3 inev]w)

21. ae-bmf hymI-cWw ˛ A¿tWmkv ]mXncn (k-ºm. De-l-∂≥ am∏n-f)

22. tIc-f-Iu-apZn ˛ tImhpÆn s\Sp-ßmSn

23. ae-bmf `mjm hymI-cWw ˛ Kp≠¿´v

24. tIc-f-`mjm hymI-cWw ˛ ]m®p aqØXv

25. ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw ˛ dh. tPm¿÷v amØ≥

26. A Progressive grammer of the Malayalam language - L.J. Franhmeyer25. tIc-f-]m-Wn-\ob `mjyw ˛ kn. F¬ B‚Wn

Paper XIV Optional Subject (B) History of Malayalam Languaget]∏¿ 14 sF—nI hnjbw (_n) ae-bmf `mjm N-cnXw

bqWn‰v H∂v:

ZmhnU `mjm-Ip-Spw-_w. kmam\y ]cn-Nbw ZmhnU IpSpw-_-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ˛ DØ-cw,

a[yw, Z£nWw F∂p≈ imJ-Iƒ ˛ imJm-hn-`-P-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\w ˛ Xangv ae-bm-f-ß-fpsS

kam-\-X.

bqWn‰v c≠v:

BZy-Ime tcJ-Iƒ: imk-\-ßƒ, Ic-W--ßƒ ˛ ChbpsS `mjm-N-cn-X-]-c-amb ]m[m-\yw.

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

BZy-Ime `mjm ]ÿm-\-ßƒ, aWn-]-hm-fhpw ]m´pw ˛ Ch-bnse IrXn-Iƒ°p≈ `mjm-]-c-

amb A¥cw ˛ Ch-bnse IrXn-Iƒ°p `mjm Ncn-X-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w. ]mNo\ `mjm-K-Zyw.

bqWn‰v \mev:

anj-Wdn ae-bmf KZyw, Ad_n ae-bm-fw, B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-K-Zy-Øns‚ ]mcw-`w.

bqWn‰v A©v

`mjm-t`-Z-ßƒ ˛ Ah-bn-eqsS Is≠-Øm-hp∂ `mjm kzXzw.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. tIcf`mj-bpsS hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ ˛ Cfw-Ipfw

2. `mjm-N-cnXw ˛ (FUn.)- F-kv.-hn. thWp-tKm-]≥ \mb¿

3. ]q¿∆ tIc-f-`mj ˛ sI.-Fw. ]`m-Ic hmcy¿

4. cma-N-cn-Xhpw ]mNo\ ae-bm-fhpw ˛ F≥.-B¿. tKm]n-\m-Y-]n≈

5. ae-bmf `mj-]-cn-Wmaw kn≤m-¥-ßfpw hkvXp-XIfpw ˛ Xncn-s\-√q¿ Icp-Wm-I-c≥

6. ZmhnU `mjm hymI-cWw ˛ Im¬Uz¬ (hn-h. tUm. Fkv.-sI. \mb¿)

7. imk-\-`mj ˛ ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥

8. ZmhnU `mjm imkvX-]-T-\-ßƒ ˛ (FUn.) sI.-Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cy¿

9. ]m´pw aWn-]m-hm-fhpw ˛ tUm. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿, en]n _pIvkv

10. ]mNo\ `mjm KZy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ ˛ Sn.

11. ae-bmf `mjm NcnXw ˛ tUm. sI. cXv\Ω

12. tIcf `mjm-hn-⁄m-\obw ˛ tUm. sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω

13 A Primer of Malayalam Phonology - L.V.R (RVR L Bullettin)14 Evolution of Malayalam Morphology - T15. Evolution of Malayalam - A Chandrasekhar

47

ska-Ã¿ 4

Paper XIV Optional Subject (C) Language Planningt]∏¿ 14 sF—nI hnjbw (kn) `mjm-kq-XWw

bqWn‰v H∂v:

`mjbpw kaq-lhpw ˛ kmaq-lnI `mjm-im-kvX-Øns‚ ho£-W-K-Xn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kmam\y

]cn-Nbw ˛ \ne-hm-c-`m-j.

bqWn‰v c≠v:

`mj-bpsS Bkq-X-W-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ho£-W-K-Xn-Ifpw kao-]-\-ßfpw ˛ `mjm-kq-XWw Ncn-

X-ZrjvSym t\m°p-tºmƒ

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

`mj-bnse ]iv\-ßƒ ˛ Ah-bpsS kz`mhw ˛ Xc-t`-Z-ßƒ ˛ `mtj-Xc kml-N-cy-ß-fp-ambp≈

_‘w ˛ `mjm-]iv\ ]cn-lm--c-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v \mevv:

`mj-bn¬ Bkq-XWw F¥n\v? `mj ]Xo-I-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ (D-]-tZ-io-b-X-bpsS, tZio-b-X-bpsS

tXmXn-s‚) tZio-b, D]-tZ-iob ]ptcm-KXn sFIyw hy‡nXzw ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ. mj D]-I-c-W-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kmaq-lnI \nb-¥Ww ˛ kmaq-lnI ]ptcm-KXn ⁄m\-]-chpw `uXn-I-hp-amb

hnIm-k-Øn-\v.

bqWn‰v A©v:

Xnc-s™-Sp-∏v, tImUo-I-c-Ww, \ne-hm-c-s∏-Sp-Ø¬, B[p-\n-I-h¬°-c-Ww, hymI-c-W-Ir-Xn--I-fpsS

AwKo-Imcw ˛ \nL-≠p-hn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Ø¬ ˛ Bkq-XWw \S-∏m-°¬ ˛ hn-i-Zo-I-cWw ˛ ae-bm-

f-Øn¬ \S-∂n-´p≈ Bkq-XW ia-ßƒ.

klmb KŸ-ßƒ :

1. \nL≠p°ƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

2. \nL≠p \n¿ΩmWw ˛ ]e teJ-I¿ (F≥.-_n.-F-kv)

3. eoem-Xn-e-Iw, kmaq-lnI `mjm imkvX-Zr-jvSn-bn¬ ˛ Fkv. hn. j¨apJw

4. ae-bmf `mj, ae-bm-fn-tbmfw ˛ hn,-B¿ ]t_m-[-N-µ≥ \mb¿

5. ae-bmfw ssÃ¬ ]pkvXIw ˛ `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq´v

6. cN\ ˛ ssI∏p-kvXIw

7. kmlnXy kmlyw ˛ F.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

8. \√ ae-bmfw ˛ kn.-hn. hmkp-tZh `´-Xncn

9. ae-bmf ssien ˛ amcm¿

10. _lmk Ctµm-t\kyw ˛ thWp-tKm-]m-e-∏-Wn-°¿ (hm-°ns‚ h-gn-Iƒ)

11. sX‰n-√mØ ae-bmfw ˛ ]∑\ cma-N-µ≥ \mb¿

12 Language Movements in India (Ed) E. Annamalai13 Language Planning (Ed) E. Annamalai15 The Socio Linguistics of Society - R. Fasold.

Paper XV Optional Subject (A) Comparative Literaturet]∏¿ 15 sF—nI hnjbw (F) Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw

kmln-Xy-hna¿i-\-Ønse ]pXnb kc-Wn-I-fn-sem-∂mb Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy-Øns‚ ssk≤m-

¥nI ]cn-k-cw, ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw (bq-Wn‰v 1,2,3) ]tbmK ]≤-Xn°p Nne amXr-I-Iƒ \n¿t±-

48

in-°p-Ibpw (bqWn‰v 4,5) sNøp-∂-XmWv Cu t]∏-dns‚ ]mTy-I-aw. kmln-Xy-ß-fpsS Xmc-X-ay-]-

T\w kwkv°mc ]-T-\-Øns‚ apJy-amb apJ-am-sW-∂pw, ka-\zbm-fl-I-amb km¿∆-eu-InI ho£-

W-tØm-sSm∏w Xs∂ hwio-bhpw ]mtZ-in-Ihpw a‰p-amb hyh-tO-Z-ß-fpsS Xncn-®-dnhpw \n¿W-

b-\hpw CXns‚ kz`m-h-am-sW∂pw ]Tn-°-Ww.

bqWn‰v H∂v:

\n¿∆-N\w ˛ ^©v kvIqfn-s‚bpw Ata-cn-°≥ kvIqfn-s‚bpw ho£-W-ßƒ `mc-Xob kmln-

Xyw, tZiob kmln-Xyw, hniz-km-ln-Xyw, kmam\y kmlnXyw `mc-Xob kao-]\w, Xmc-Xay

kmln-Xyhpw kwkv°m-c-]-T-\-hpw.

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

]T-\-ta-J-e-Iƒ ˛ kzm[o-\Xm ]T-\w, cq]-]-T-\w, ]ta-b-]-T-\w, kmln-Xyhpw CX-c-I-e-I-fpw.

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

Xmc-Xay kmln-Xyhpw hnh¿Ø-\-hpw, hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ hn`n∂ cq]-ßƒ ]Zm-\p-]-Z-hn-h¿Ø\w

kzX¥ hnh¿Ø-\w, ]p\:krjvSn, kwK-l-Ww, A\p-I-c-Ww, A]-l-c-Ww

bqWn‰v \mevv:

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. kz]v\-hm-k-h--Z-Øbpw Cu\Iv B¿U\pw ˛ Ip´n-IrjvW amcmcv (cm-Pm-¶-Ww)

2. ae-bmf Ihn-Xbpw Imfn-Zm-k\pw ˛ sI.-F≥ Fgp-Ø-—≥ (k-ao-£)

3. `mj-bnse anÃnIv Imhy ]ÿm\w F. _me-Ir-jvW-]n≈ (Xm-c-Xay kmlnXy ]cn-Nb ]p.

287- 296)

bqWn‰v A©v:

]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ

1. ASn-bmf PohnXw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ ˛sI.]n i¶-c≥ (Xm-c-Xay kmlnXy Nn¥)

2. AXn-IY ˛ Ahn-sSbpw Chn-sSbpw ˛ hn.-kn. ioP≥ (Xm-c-Xay kmlnXy hnNm-cw)

3. Xmc-Xay kuµcy imkvXw Nne apJ-hp-c-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ, Pn._n taml≥ Xºn (]-Xn-I-c-Wßƒ)

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy ]cn-Nbw ˛ FUn-d-d¿, NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, Xr»q¿)

2. Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw ˛ XØzhpw ]k-‡nbpw ˛ ]n.H ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥

(tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v)

3. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy ]T\w ˛ ]e teJ-I¿ (\m-j-W¬ _pIvÃmƒ, tIm´-bw)

4. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy ]oTnI ˛ kºm-Z\w: Iºm-c-‰ohv en‰-td-®¿ skmssk‰n

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

5. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy Nn¥ ˛ (FUn.) Fw. F≥ Imc-t»cn (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

6. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy hnNmcw ˛ (FUn.) Fw. F≥. Imc-t»cn (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

7. Xmc-Xay kmlnXy hnthIw ˛ (FUn.) Fw. F≥. Imc-t»cn (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

8. X¿÷a ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ (FUn.) Pbm-kp-Ip-am-c≥,

kvIdnb k°-dnb (I-d‚ v _pIvkv, tIm´-bw)

9. `mc-Xob kmlnXy NcnXw 2 hmfyw (FUn.) sI.-Fw. tPm¿÷v

(tI-cf kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, Xr»q¿)

10 Comparative Literary studies - S.S. Prawer(Bamers and Nobles, New York, 1973)

11 Comparative Literature - Matter and Method - Ed. Alridge A. Owen(Unversity of Chicago Press, 1969)

12 Comparative Literature - Theory and Practice - Amiya Dev and S.K. Das(Allied Publishers, New Delhi 1989)

49

13 Studies in Comparative Literature - Ayyappa Panicker and Bernard Fenn(Blackie & sons, Madras)

14 Comparative Literature - A Critical Introduction - Suran Bassnett (Blackwell, Oxford 1995)15 Translation/History/Culture - Andre Lefever (Routledge, London, 1990)

Paper XV Optional Subject (B) Critical Study of Bhashabhooshanamt]∏¿ 15 sF—nI hnjbw (_n) `mjm- q-jWw hna¿i-\m-flI ]T\w

Gsd-°m-e-ambn Ae-¶mc imkvX ]T-\-Øn-\p≈ ASn-ÿm\ ]mTy-K-Ÿ-ambn ae-bmf kmlnXy

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ A[y-b\w sNbvXp t]mcp∂ `mjm`qjWsØ hna¿im-fl-I-ambn kao-]n-°p-I-

bmWv Cu t]∏-dns‚ e£yw. ma-l≥ apX¬ A`n-\-h-Kp-]vX≥ hsc-bp≈ kwkw-IrX kmlnXy

Nn¥-I-cpsS auen-I-amb kn≤m-¥-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ `mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Ae-¶mc ˛ KpW ˛

tZmjmZn ]Xn]m-Zy-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw hna¿i\ _p≤n-tbmsS ]Tn-°-Ww. Hmtcm-∂n-

t‚bpw ]`hw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

bqWn‰v H∂v:

Imhy-kz-cq] k¶-ev]w, Ae-¶mc hnth-N-\w ˛ A¿∞m-e-¶m-c-ßƒ, i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

KpW-ß-fpsS kmam\y e£-Whpw kwJybpw KpW-ßfpw coXn-Ifpw ˛ coXnbpw hrØnbpw

bqWn‰v aq∂v:

tZmj-e-£-Ww, tZmj-hn-`m-K-ßƒ, ]Z-tZm-j-ßƒ, hmIy tZmj-ßƒ, A¿∞-tZm-j-ßƒ, Ae-¶m-

c-tZm-j-ßƒ, A\n-Xy-tZm-j-ßƒ, ck-tZm-j-ßƒ

bqWn‰v \mevv:

[z\n kn≤m¥w i_vZ-hym-]m-c-ßƒ, [z\n-t`Z \ncq-]Ww KpWn- q-X-hyw-Ky-Øns‚ e£-Ww, KpWn-

`q-X-hyw-Ky-hn-`m-K-ßƒ.

bqWn‰v A©vv:

ck-kn-≤m¥w ˛ ck-kz-cq-]w, ck-ßfpw `mh-ßfpw ck-kqX hymJym-\-ßƒ

]mT-]p-kvXIw:

`mjm-`q-jWw ˛ G. B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1. kmlnXy `qjWw ˛ Ip´n-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿

2. Ae-¶mc imkvXw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ˛ NmØ-\mØv ANyq-X-\pÆn

(tI-c-f-`mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncn-h-\-¥-]p-cw)

3. `mjm-`q-j-W-Øns‚ D]m-Zm-\-ßƒ ˛ F≥.-hn.-]n. DÆn-Øncn

(tI-cf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v, Xncp-h-¥-]p-cw)

4 History of Sanskrit Poetics, S.K. De (Finna KL Mukhopadhoyaya, Calcutta)`ma-ls‚ Imhym-e-¶m-cw, ZWvUn-bpsS Imhy-Z¿i-\w, cp`Ss‚ Imhym-e-¶m-cw, hma-\s‚ Imhym-e-

¶mc kqX-hr-Øn, B\-µ-h¿≤-\s‚ [z\ym-tem-Ihpw A`n-\-h-Kp-]vXs‚ temN\ hymJym-\-hpw,

a∑-Zs‚ Imhy-]-Im-iw, tKmhn-µs‚ Imhy-]-Zo-]w, hniz-\m-Ys‚ kmln-Xy-Z¿∏-Ww, apcp-Is‚ Ae-

¶m-c-k¿h-kzw, Aø-∏-Zo-£n--X-cpsS Ip-h-e-bm-\-µw, PK-\m-Y-]-WvUn-Xs‚ ck-Kw-Km-[cw F∂o kwkvIr-

X-K-‘-ßfpw klm-b-I-K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xm-Wv.

5 A study of Vyaktiviveka - Dr. C. Rajendran

50

Paper XV Optional Subject (C) Aristotle's Theory of Dramat]∏¿ 15 sF—nI hnjbw (kn) Acn-tÃm- n-ens‚ \mSI kn≤m¥w

bh\ kmln-Xy-Ønse ]cn-]p-jvS-amb kmlnXy cq]-amWv Zpc-¥-\m-S-Iw. Cu kmlnXy

imJbv°v F∂-√, F°m-e-sØbpw GXp kmlnXy cq]-Øn\pw ]k-‡-amb A]-K-Y\ amXr-

I-bmWv Zpc¥ \mSI ]T-\-Øn-eqsS Acn-tÃm-ń¬ \ap°v \¬In-b-Xv. `mc-Xob kmlnXyw

]mNo-\-am-sW-¶nepw kmln-Xy-ß-fnepw Zpc¥ \mSIw D≠m-bn. Zpc-¥-\m-SI ]T-\-Øn\v Acn-

tÃm-ń¬ \¬Inb cq]-am-XrI kmln-Xym-≤ym-b-\-Øn\v F]-Imcw ]tbm-P-Io-`-hn-°p∂p F∂

At\z-j-W-amWv Cu hnj-b-Øns‚ ]T-\-Øn-eqsS \S-tØ-≠-Xv.

bqWn‰v H∂v:

Ko°v kmlnXyw Acn-tÃm-ń\p apºv Zpc-¥-\m-SIw F∂ kmln-Xy-im-J-bpsS D¬]-Ønbpw

hnImk ]cn-Wm-a-ßfpw ˛ Cukv°n-e-kv, tkmt^m-¢n-kv, bqdn-∏n-Unkv F∂o Zpc¥ \mSI Ihn-

X-b-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ˛ ]mNo-\-b-h\ \mS-I-th-Zn.

bqWn‰v c≠vv:

bh-\-km-lnXy XØz-Nn¥ Acn-tÃm-ń-en\v apºv ˛ tπt‰m-bpsS Iem-kn-≤m¥w ˛ Acn-tÃm-ń-

ens‚ Imhy kn≤m-¥w.

hniZ ]T-\w-˛-t]m-b-‰n-Ivkns‚ hni-Z-amb A≤y-b-\w.

bqWn‰v aq∂vv:

Acn-tÃm-ń-ens‚ A\p-I-c-W-kn-≤m-¥w, CXn-hrØ k¶-ev]w, IYm¿kn-kv F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v

]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠mb hymJym--\-ßfpw ]T-\-ßfpw ˛ t]mb‰n-Ivkns\ A[n-I-cn®v ]m›m-Xy-tem-

IØv ]nev°m-e-Øp-≠mb ]T-\-ß-fpsS kz`mhw hnZym¿-∞n-Iƒ Kln-®n-cn-°-Ww.

bqWn‰v \mevv:

Zpc-¥-\m-SIw Acn-tÃm-ń-en\v tijw ˛ BwKe kmln-Xy-Ønse Zpc-¥-\m-S-I-Ir-Øp-°ƒ ˛

tjIvkv]n-b-dpsS Zpc-¥-\m-S-I-ßƒ°v Ko°v Zpc¥ \mS-I-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kmZriy sshkm-Zr-iy-

ßƒ.

bqWn‰v A©vv:

Acn-tÃm-ń-ens‚ \mS-I-Z¿i-\hpw `mc-Xob \mSI k¶-ev]hpw ˛ kmZr-iy-ssh-km-Zr-iy-ßƒ-˛-

A-cn-tÃm-ńepw `c-X\pw ˛ hniz-\m-Ys‚ kmlnXyZ¿∏-W-Ønse \mSI kzcq] hnh-c-Ww. Zpc-¥-

\m-SIw kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ ˛`mk-hn-c-Nn-X-amb Ducp-`w-K-Øns‚ hni-Z-amb A≤y-b-\w.

klmbI KŸ-ßƒ :

1 Greek Tragedy - H.D.F. Kitto2 Literary Criticism in antiquity - J.W.H. Atkins3 Aristole's Theory of Poetry and Fine Art - Butcher4 Tragedy - F.L. Lucas5 Aristole's Poetics and English Literature-Humphry House6 Shakesperian Tragedy - A.C Bradley7 Aristotle's Poetics and English Literature8 Sanskrit Drama - AB Keith9 Studies in Sanskrit Dramatic Criticism - T.G. Mainkar10 Indian Kavya Literature Vol. 1 A.K. Warder11. \mSy-imkvXw (hn.-hn) sI.]n \mcm-b-W-]n-jm-cSn

12. kmln-Xy-Z¿∏Ww (hn-h) sIm®n `mjm ]cn-jvI-c-W-°-Ωn-‰n, tI.-km. A°m-Zan

13. \mSI ]th-inI ˛ F.Un lcn-i¿Ω

14. \mSy-a-WvU]w ˛ Fw.-]n. i¶pÆn \mb¿

15. \mSI Z¿i\w ˛ Pn. i¶-c-∏n≈

51

Paper XVI Subsidiary Subject - Sanskritt]∏¿ 16 A\p-_-‘-I-hn-jbw ˛ kwkvIrXw

[kwkvIr-X-hn- mKw kne-_kv Im-Wp-I. Fw.F ae-bmfw ska-Ã¿ kº-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≈Xp Xs∂.]

Paper XVII Language, Literature and Culturet]∏¿ 17 `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkv°mcw

Cu t]∏-dn\v ]tXy-I-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn C√. 1,2,3,4,9,10,11 F∂o Ggp t]∏-dp-I-fpsS (sF-—nI hnj-b-

ßfpw kwkvIr-Xhpw Hgn-sI-bp--≈-h) ]mTy-]-≤Xn ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ hkvXp \njvT coXn-bn-

ep≈ (Objective type) tNmZy-ßƒ°v DØ-c-sa-gp-Xp-I-bmWv Cu t]∏¿ e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

Fw.F ae-bmf `mjbpw kmln-Xyhpw(t\m¨˛sk-a-Ã¿ kº-Zm-bw)

Pattern of the Question paper (tNmZy-°-S-em- ns‚ cq] amXrI)

]co£m kabw: Hmtcm t]∏-dn\pw 3 aWn-°q¿

BsI am¿°v : 1 apX¬ 16 hsc-bp≈ t]∏-dp-Iƒ°v 100 am¿°v hoXw

17-˛mw t]∏-dn\v 150 am¿°v.

]mTy-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ Hmtcm t]∏dpw A©v bqWn-‰mbn kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu A©p-

bq-Wn-‰n\pw Xpey-]m-[m\yw \evIn-bmWv tNmZy-°-S-em v Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. Xmsgs°mSp-°p∂

c≠p-Xcw tNmZy-ßƒ 1 apX¬ 16 hsc-bp≈ t]∏-dp-I-fn¬ kwkvIrXw Hgn-sI-bp≈ Hmtcm t]∏-

dn\pw D≠m-h-Ww.

tNmZy-ßƒ:

1. 8 am¿°v hoX-ap≈ 5 FÆw. Hmtcm-∂n\pw DØcw c≠p ]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-b-cp-Xv. Hcp bqWn-‰n¬

\n∂v H∂v F∂ IW-°n-emWv tNmZyw Xøm-dm-t°-≠-Xv. Cu A©p tNmZy-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-

∂n\pw B`y-¥-c-amb tNmtZym-Øcw (internal choice) AtX bqWn-‰n¬ \n∂p Xs∂-bmWv

\evtI-≠-Xv. ]mTy-`m-K-ßƒ \evIn hym-Jym-\-Øn\p ]k-‡n-bp-t≈-SØv AØcw tNmZy-

ßƒ Bhmw. As©-Æ-Øn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m FÆw amXta CØ-c-Øn¬s∏Sp-∂Xv BIm-hq.

2. 12 am¿°p hoX-ap≈ 5 FÆw DØctamtcm∂pw \mep ]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-b-cp-Xv. Hcp bqWn-‰n¬

\n∂v H∂p hoXw D≠m-h-Ww. Cu A©p tNmZy-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw B`y-¥-c-amb tNmtZym-

Øcw (internal choice) AtX bqWn-‰n¬ \n∂p Xs∂ \¬I-Ww.

tNmZy-I¿Ømhv taevsIm-SpØ c≠p hn`m-K-Øn-ep-ambn ]Øp-hoXw BsI Ccp-]Xp tNmZy-

ßƒ Xøm-dm-°-Ww. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ c≠p hn`m-K-Øn-ep-ambn Aø©p hoXw ]Øp tNmZy-

ßƒ°v \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw DØ-c-sa-gp-Xn-bm¬ aXn.

c≠p hn`m-K-Øn-sebpw ]Øp hoXw tNmZy-ß-fn¬ Aø-s©-Æ-Øn\v "A' F∂pw Ah-tbm-

tcm-∂n-s‚bpw B`y-¥-c-amb A©p tNmtZym-Ø-c-ßƒ°v "B' F∂pw kqN\ \¬I-Ww. A.Bhn`m-K-ßƒ°n-Sbv°v F√m tNmZy-ßƒ°pw "As√-¶n¬' F∂p ImWn-®n-cn-°-Ww.

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ

\n¿t±iw : H∂p apX¬ A©p-hsc tNmZy-ßƒ°v Cu c≠p ]pd-Øn¬°hn-bmsX DØ-c-sa-gp-

Xp-I. Hmtcm-∂n\pw 8 am¿°v hoXw (5 X 8 = 40 am¿°v)

\n¿t±iw : Bdp apX¬ ]Øp-hsc tNmZy-ßƒ°v \∂mep ]pd-Øn¬°hn-bmsX DØ-c-sa-gp-Xp-

I. Hmtcm-∂n\pw 12 am¿°v hoXw (5 X 12= 60 am¿°v)

52

t]∏¿ 17 `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkv°mcw

Paper XVII Language, Literature and Culture

Cu t]∏-dn\v ]tXy-I-amb ]mTy-]-≤Xn C√. 1,2,3,4,9,10,11 F∂o Ggv t]∏-dp-I-fpsS (sF-—n-IhpwkwkvIr-Xhpw Hgn-sI-bp-≈-h) ]mTy-]-≤Xn ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn hkvXp \njvT coXn-bn-ep≈(Objective type) tNmZy-ß-fmWv CXn¬ tNmZn-t°-≠-Xv. tNmZy-°-S-em- n¬ Xs∂ \n¿t±-im-\p-k-cWw DØcw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww.

]co£m kabw: 3 aWn-°q¿ BsI am¿°v : 150tNmZy-coXn

Xmsg-sImSpØncn-°p∂ 5 Xcw tNmZy-ß-fmWv Cu t]∏-dn¬ D≠m-th-≠-Xv.

I tNmZy-Øn\p t\sc icn-bp-Øcw he-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬ sImSp-Ø-h-bn¬ \n∂pw FSp-sØ-gp-Xp-I.

(25 FÆw Hmtcm-∂n\pw 1 am¿°v) (25 x 1 = 25 am¿°v)

II tNcpw-]Sn tN¿°pI (25 x 1 = 25 am¿°v)

(5 hn`m-K-Øn-embn Hmtcm-∂nepw 5 hoXw 25 FÆw Hmtcm-∂n\pw 1 am¿°v)

1. KŸIm-c-∑m-cpsS t]cn\p t\sc Ah¿ cNn® IrXn-bpsS t]cv Xmsg-s°m-Sp-°p∂ ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂v FSp-sØ-gp-Xp-I. A,B,C,D,E

2 IrXn-I-fpsS t]cn\p t\sc Ah-tbm-tcm∂pw GtXXp kmln-Xy-hn-`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂p F∂vXmsg-s°m-Sp-Ø-h-bn¬ \n∂pw FSp-sØ-gp-Xp-I. A,B,C,D,E

3 IrXn-Iƒ°pw KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿°pw t\sc A¿lX t\Snb ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Ø-h-bn¬ \n∂pw FSp-sØ-gp-Xp-I. A,B,C,D,E

4 IYm-]m-X-ßƒ GtXXp IrXn-bn-se-Xm-sW∂v Hmtcm-∂n\pw t\sc Fgp-XpIA,B,C,D,E

5 Xmsgs°mSp-°p-∂h Fs¥∂v Hmtcm-∂n\pw t\sc Fgp-XnI A,B,C,D,E

III H‰-hm-°n¬ tNmZy-Øn\p t\sc DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI

(25 FÆw Hmtcm-∂n\pw Hcp am¿°v) (25 x 1 = 25 am¿°v)

IV ct≠m As√-¶n¬ \mtem hm°n¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI


V H‰ hmIy-Øn¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-Xp-I. DØcw Imcn-I-tbm, ]Zytam kqX-hm-Iytam \n¿∆-N-\tamBsW-¶n¬ AsX-gp-Xmw. kwkvIr-X-Øntem, Cw•o-jntem D≈-h-bpsS kmcw ae-bm-f-Øn¬Fgp-Xn-bmepw aXn.


Ipdn∏v : BsI tNmZy-ßƒ 125

BsI am¿°v 150

53

Model Question Paper(For pattern only)

M.A. (PREVIOUS) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MARCH/APRIL 2007Malayalam

Paper VIII Optional subject (e) TRANSLATION : THEORY AND PRACTICEt]∏¿ 8 sF—nI hnjbw (kn) hnh¿Ø\w ˛ kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw

Time : Three Hours Maximum 100 Marks

I. Cuc≠p ]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-bmsX hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI:

1. (a) hnh¿Ø\w hymJym-\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬

As√-¶n¬

(b) hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse Iem-˛-imkvX kwKaw

2. (a) ]mtbm-Kn-I-Xm-\njvT (Pragmatic) hnh¿Ø-\w.

As√-¶n¬

(b) A¥¿`mjm (Interlingual) hnh¿Ø\w

3. (a) hnh¿Ø-I-\m-h-iy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ

As√-¶n¬

(b) hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse kmwkv°m-cnI Xew.

4. (a) hnh¿Ø\ ka-aq-eyX (Equivalence)As√-¶n¬

(b) b¥-X¿÷pa

5. (a) hnh¿Ø\ £aX (Translatability)

As√-¶n¬

(b) hnh¿Ø-\hpw `mj-bv°p-≈nse hyXn-bm-\-ßfpw (5 x 8 = 40)

II. Bdpw Ggpw tNmZy-ßƒ°v \∂mep ]pd-Øn¬°-hn-bmsX DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI:

6 (a) IhnXm hnh¿Ø-\-Ønse apJy sshj-ay-ßƒ Gh?

As√-¶n¬

(b) \mS-Itam IYtbm hnh¿Ø\w sNøp-tºmƒ Db-cp∂ ka-ky-Iƒ Fs¥√mw?

(12 marks)

7 (a) hnh¿Ø\w aptJ\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn-\p-≠mb hnImkw hy‡-am-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) hnh¿Ø-\-Øn\v C¥y-bn-ep≈ ]k-‡n-sb¥v?

(12 marks)

8 ]¥-s≠-Æ-Øn\v DNn-X-amb ae-bmf cq]w Fgp-XpI:

(a) Constitution (b) Conspiracy(c) Conspicuous (d) Consolaton(e) Consistency (f) Consideration(g) Conscience (h) Conscious(i) Conquer (j) Conclude(k) Conceal (l) Franchise

54

ae-bm-f-Øn-te°p hnh¿Ø\w sNøpI:

A nine-member delegation from the National University of Singapore, headed by the NUSPresident and Vice-Chancellor, Shih Choon Fong, is coming on a nine-day visit to India. Itwill tour top educational institutions and research centres from tomorrow.

The delegation, in India till February 8, will visit Bangalore, Pune and Mumbai to meet keyGovernement officials, senior management staff of educational and research institutions andkey business leaders in the knowledge-based technologies.

As part of its globalization efforts, NUS is also looking to establish their presence in educa-tional centres in India. NUS is keen to foster research collaborations and partnerships in thefields of engineering, information technology, physical and life sciences and several relatedareas.

(12 marks)

NURSE'S SONG

When the voices of children are heard on the green,And laughing is heard on the hill,My heart is at rest within my breast,And everything else is still.Then come home, my children, the sun is gone down,And the dews of night arise;Come, come, leave off play, and let us away,Till the morning appears in the skiesNo, no, let us play, for it is yet day,And we cannot go to sleep;Besides in the sky the little birds fly,And the hills are all covered with sheepWell, well, go and play till the light fades away,And then go home to bed.The little ones leaped, and shouted, and laughed;And all the hills echoed.

William Blake(12 marks)


M.A. (FINAL) DEGREE EXAMINATION, MARCH/APRIL 2008Malayalam

Paper XI LITERARY THEORYt]∏¿ 11 kmlnXy kn≤m-¥-ßƒ


I. Cuc≠p ]pd-Øn¬ Ihn-bmsX Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Fgp-XpI:

1. (a) "Imhy-i_vZ' Øns‚ A¿∞w

As√-¶n¬

(b) `ma-ls‚ Imhy e£-Ww.

55

2. (a) cmP-ti-J-cs‚ ]Xn`m \n¿h-N\w

As√-¶n¬

(b) Im-hy-]-tbm-P-\-sØ-∏‰n aΩ-Ss‚ \ne-]mSv

3. (a) ckm-kzm-Z-\-Øn¬ klr-Z-b-Xz-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX

As√-¶n¬

(b) hma-\s‚ Ae-¶mc k¶ev]w.

4. (a) ckm-`mhw

As√-¶n¬

(b) hn`mhw

5. (a) "[z\n' ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞ t`Z-ßƒ

As√-¶n¬

(b) `mjm-`q-j-W-Ønse Ae-¶mc \n¿h-N-\w. (5 x 8 = 40)

\∂mep ]pd-Øn¬°hn-bmsX D]-\y-kn-°pI:

6. (a) Ip¥-Is‚ htIm‡n k¶ev]w

As√-¶n¬

(b) [z\n-˛-cmkm hmZ-ßƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-Xns‚ ImcWw

7. (a) DZm-Ø-X-bpsS A©v Bkv]-Z-ßƒ

As√-¶n¬

(b) IYm¿knkpw `mc-Xob Imhy-ao-amw-kbpw

8. (a) Imhy-`m-j-sb-∏‰n thUvkv h¿Øns‚ A`n-]mbw

As√-¶n¬

(b) Fen-b-‰ns‚ `mh-˛-hn-`m-h-˛-_-‘-hmZw

9. (a) ckm-\p-`q-Xnbpw ck-hn-Lv\-ßfpw

As√-¶n¬

(b) `mhm-hn-jv°-c-Whpw hrØ-kzo-I-c-Whpw

10. (a) BZn-]-cq-]-ßƒ°v kmlnXy hna¿i-\-Øn-ep≈ ÿm\w

As√-¶n¬

(b) kvXo-]£ kao-]\w

(5 x 12 = 60)



Paper XV (A) COMPARATIVE LITERATUREt]∏¿ 15 sF—nI hnjbw (F) Xmc-Xay kmlnXyw


1 apX¬ 5 hsc tNmZy-ßƒ°v Cuc≠p ]pd-Øn¬°hn-bmsb DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI:

1. (a) Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy-Øn\v IrXy-amb Hcp \n¿∆--N\w \evI≥ km[n-°ptam?

As√-¶n¬

(b) Xmc-Xay kmlnXy ]T\w cmjv-S-ko-a-Iƒ°-∏pdw IS∂p \nev°Ww F∂ XØzw

]mtbm-Kn-I-amtWm?

56

2. (a) tZiob kmln-Xyw, kmam\y kmlnXyw F∂o k¶-ev]-ßƒ hni-Z-am-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) "hniz-km-lnXyw' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v sKbvY A¿∞-am-°p-∂-sX¥v?

3. (a) ae-bm-f-Ønse Xmc-Xay kmlnXy imJbv°v tPmk^v ap≠-t»cn \evInb kw`m-h\

F¥v?

As√-¶n¬

(b) Xmc-Xay kmln-XysØ kw_-‘n® sds\-sh-√-°ns‚ ho£Ww F¥v?

4. (a) "hnh¿Ø-\-Øn¬ \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-sXt¥m AXmWv IhnX' Cu ]kvXm-h-Øns‚ bp‡n

hy‡-am-°p-I.

As√-¶n¬

(b) ae-bm-f-Ønse hnem-]-Imhy imJ ]m›mXy kmln-Xy-tØmSv FX-amXw IS-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p-sh∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

5. (a) "BcWy'Ønse kmaq-lnI ]›m-Øew hy‡-am-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) "tNmas‚ XpSn'bnepw, "c≠n-S-ß-gn-'bnepw Bhn-jvIr-X-amb kmaq-lnI ]›m-Øew Xmc-

X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

6 apX¬ 10 hsc tNmZy-ßƒ°v \∂mep ]pd-Øn¬°hn-bmsb DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI:

6. (a) Xmc-Xay kmlnXy ]T\w XpS-ßp-∂Xv kmlnXy Xmc-X-ay-Ønepw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv

kwkv°mc Xmc-X-ay-Øn-ep-amWv ˛ D]-]m-Zn-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) kmln-Xyhpw CXc hn⁄m\ imJ-Ifpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w At\zjn°p-∂Xpw Xmc-

Xay kmlnXy ]T-\-Øns‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬s∏Spw F∂ A`n-]mbw kzoIm-cy-amtWm? kmaq-

lnI imkvXw, a\:imkvXw F∂n-hsb ap≥\n¿Øn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

7. (a) kzm[o-\Xm ]T-\-Øn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ apJy LS-I-ßƒ Gh? DZm-l-c-W-k-lnXw hy‡-

am-°p-I.

As√-¶n¬

(b) Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy-Ønse ^©v Ata-cn-°≥ kao-]\ kº-Zm-b-ßƒ hna¿i\ _p≤ym

hy‡-am-°p-I.

8. (a) Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy-Ønse ^©v Ata-cn-°≥ kao-]\ kº-Zm-b-ßƒ hna¿i\ _p≤ym

hy‡-am-°p-I.

As√-¶n¬

(b) Xmc-Xay kmln-Xy- ]T-\-Øn¬ mc-Xo-b-amb Hcp kao-]-\-Øns‚ km-≤yX hne-bn-cp-Øp-

I.

9. (a) kzmX-¥y-e-_vZn°p ap-ºp≈ _wKm-fn- -a-e-bmf t\mh-ep-I-fpsS apJy ]h-W-X-Iƒ A]-

K-Yn-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) CXn-lm-k-tØm-Sp≈ t\m-h-en-Ãp-I-fpsS kao--]\ t`Z-amWv "bbmXn' sbbpw "c≠m-aq-

gsØ' bpw hyXy-kvX-am-°p-∂Xv ˛ ka¿∞n-°p-I.

10 (a) I∂S t\mh-ens‚ hnImk NcnXw hni-Z-am-°pI

As√-¶n¬

(b) a‰p Z£n-tW-¥y≥ t\mh-ep-Isf At]-£n®v ae-bm-f-Øn-emWv ]m›mXy kzm[o\w

]I-S-ambn°mWp-∂Xv ˛ hna¿in-°p-I.

(5 x 12 = 60)

57



Paper XVII (A) LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND CULTUREt]∏¿ 17 `mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkv°mcw


Questions must be answered in this booklet itself.

1 tNmZy-Øn\p t\sc icn-bp-Øcw FSp-sØ-gp-XpI:

1. ]n. tKmhn-µ-∏n≈ Fgp-Xnb kmlnXy NcnXw:

[IhnXm kmlnXy NcnXw; tIcf kmlnXy NcnXw ; tIcf `mjm kmlnXy NcnXw

ae-bm-f-`mjm NcnXw]

DØcw :

2. Jnem-^Øv ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ cNn® t\mh¬:

[_mey-Ime kJn; B-fl-hns‚ t\mhp-Iƒ; kpµ-cn-Ifpw kpµ-c-∑mcpw ; \nW-a-Wn™

Imev]m-Sp-Iƒ]

DØcw :

3. k©-b≥ cNn® hnem-]-Imhyw :

[Fs‚ s]mbvt∏mb ]mW≥ ; ]nb-hn-em]w ; Xntem-ZIw ; IÆq-\o¿Øp≈n]

DØcw :

4. Nß-ºp-g-bpsS t\mh¬ :

[apØ»n ; s]m^- ¿; bh-\nI ; Ifn-tØmgn]

DØcw :

5. Hm´≥ Xp≈¬ IrXn :

[Xn]pc Zl\w ; kya-¥Iw; IoN-I-h[w ; Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw]

DØcw :

6. "Nn¥m-hn-jvS-bmb koX' kwkvIr-X-Øn-te°p samgn-am‰w \S-Øn-bXv :

[]n. Ip™n-cm-a≥ \mb¿ ; A°nØw ; F≥. tKm]m-e-]n≈; ]n. IrjvW-]n-≈.]

DØcw :

7. GI hniz-km-lnXyw F∂ Bi-b-hp-ambn IpSp-X¬ _‘-s∏-´Xv :

[tSmƒtÃmbn ; sKbvY ; sj√n ; tjIvkv]n-b¿]

DØcw :

8. "GI--tem-N\w' F∂ A`n-\-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´Xv :

[Z£-bmKw ; IoN-I-h[w ; \ng¬°pØv ; DØ-cm-kz-bw-hcw]

DØcw :

9. ap≠t»-cn-bp-ambn _‘-an-√m-ØXv :

[\\-bmsX ao≥ ]n-Sn-°mtam ; ssIhn-f°v ; Icn-¥ncn ; sIm¥-bn¬ \n∂v Ipcn-»n-te°v]

DØcw :

10 "eoem-Xn-eIw' Fgp-Xn-bXv :

[aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ ; ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ; kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ ; `mjm-an-i-Øn¬]

58

DØcw :

11 "B\-b®v' F∂ \mWbw ]cm-ar-jvS-amb IrXn :

[DÆn-b®o NcnXw ; DÆn-bmSo NcnXw ; `mjm-ss\-j[ Nºp ; DÆn-®n-cp-tXho NcnXw]

DØcw :

12 tij-Kncn ]`p Fgp-Xn-bXv :

[ae-bm-gva-bpsS hymI-cWw ; hym-I-c-W-anXw ; ae-bm-f- mjm hymI-cWw ; i_vZ ku`mKyw]

DØcw :

13 "Imte-hme' (Kalevala) :

[P¿Ω≥ IrXn; djy≥ IrXn ; B^n-°≥ IrXn; ^n∂njv IrXn]

DØcw :

14 "A]v-^s‚ aIƒ' :

[\mSIw ; t\mh¬ ; sNdp-IY ; Poh-N-cnXw]

DØcw :

15 "hy‡n-hn-thIw' hn`-Pn-®Xv :

[D√m-k-ß-fmbn ; hna¿i-ß-fmbn ; DtZym-X-ß-fmbn ; Dt∑-j-ß-fmbn]

DØcw :

16 "kw-t£] thZm¿∞w' Fgp-Xn-bXvv :

[^mZ¿ ]ufn-\yqkv; mZ¿ ¢a‚ v ]obm-t\mkv; sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿ v ; s_©-an≥ s_bven]

DØcw :

17 "]Xn-]mXw `mj-W-t`Zw' F∂ IrXn°p _‘w :

[tIi-h-tZ-hp-ambn ; XI-gn-bp-ambn ; kn.-hn. cma≥]n-≈-bp-ambn ; A∏≥ Xºp-cm-\p-ambn]

DØcw :

18 IeymWn \mSIw cNn-®Xv:

[]n.-sI. sIm®n-∏≥ Xc-I≥ ; sXm´-bv°m´p am[-hn-bΩ ; I≠-Øn¬ hdp-§okp am∏nf

sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿ sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cm≥]

DØcw :

19 FIvkv]-j-\nÃv ssien-bn¬ cNn® \mSIw :

[tImkvs_¬‰v; sal¿_m\n ; kZm-cma ; ka-Xz-hmZn]

DØcw :

20 "alm-`m-cXw Infn-∏m´n' se ]¿∆-ß-fpsS FÆw :

[18 ; 16 ; 21 ; 20]

DØcw :

21 "lnÃdn Hm^v sk£zm-en‰n' (History of Sexuality) Fgp-Xn-bXv :

[slK¬ ; antj¬ ^qt°m ; A¬Øq-k¿ ; t^mbvUv]

DØcw :

22 "hm°p-Iƒ Iq´n-s®m-√m≥ hømØ InSm-ßsf

Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNøpw ssZh-⁄-ct√m \nßƒ' ˛ Cu hcn-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bXv

[I°mSv; sshtem-∏n≈n ; _mem-a-Wn-bΩ ; kpK-X-Ip-amcn]

DØcw :

23 "]mem-gn-Øq-sh≈w XqIp∂ t]mse \¬

]mtebw XqIn-Øp-S-ßo-sXßpw' ˛ hrØw :

[ImIfn ; aRvPcn ; A∂-\S ; hntbm-Kn\n]

59

DØcw :

24 "Nns°-∂p-W¿s∂-gp-t∂-‰p-j-s -∂-hƒ

ipI\mw ssIhn-f-t°-¥n-sbØn' ˛ Ae-¶mcw :

[D]a ; DXvt]£ ; cq]Iw ; ZrjvSm¥w]

DØcw :

25 "t£mWoµ ]Xv\n-bpsS hmWnw \ni-ay........... F∂ ZWvUIw ImWp-∂Xv :

[IoN-I-h-[-Øn¬; \nhm-X-I-hN Ime-tI-b-h-[-Øn¬ ; \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ; In¿Ωo-c-h-[Øn¬]

DØcw :

(25 x 1 = 25)

11 tNcpw]Sn tN¿°pI :

1. KŸ-Im-c-∑m-cpsS t]cn∂p t\sc Ah¿ cNn® IrXn-bpsS t]cv Xmsg-s°m-Sp-°p∂ ]´n

I-bn¬ \n∂v FSp-sØ-gp-XpI:

DØcw:

(I) i¶-c-∏-Wn-°¿ (I)

(J) Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ (J)

(K) ISØ-\m´p am[-hn-bΩ (K)

(L) k°-dnb (L)

(M) sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿ (M)

[cma-I-Y∏m´v ; IÆ» `mcXw ; tIc-f-knwlw ; \mep `mjm Imhy-ßƒ ; e£-W-kwKw

Iq∏pssI; Kma-io-Iƒ ; apØ»n ; s]bvkv Zn tem¿Uv ; DjvW-ta-Je ; `mc-X-ame ; B´p

I- n¬]2. IrXn-I-fpsS t]cn\p t\sc Ah-sbm-tcm∂pw GXp kmlnXy hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂p

F∂v Xmsg sImSp-°p-∂-h-bn¬ \n∂v FSp-sØ-gp-XpI:

DØcw:

(I) B a\p-jy≥ \o Xs∂ (I)

(J) Fen-∏-Ømbw (J)

(K) tIc-f-∏-ga (K)

(L) a\p-jym-eb NµnI (L)

(M) sImgn™ Ce-Iƒ (M)

[bmXm-hn-h-cWw ; Poh-N-cnXw ; Bfl-IY ; thZm¥w ; hmkvXp-hnZy ; Nºp ; Xnc-°Y

\mSIw ; alm-Imhyw ; NcnXw]3. IrXn-Iƒ°pw KŸ-Im-c-∑m¿°pw t\sc Ah/Ah¿ t\Snb ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ Xmsg

s°m-SpØ ]´n-I-bn¬ \n∂v FSp-sØ-gp-XpI:

DØcw:

(I) Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ (I)

(J) Aø-∏-∏-Wn-°¿ (2002) (J)

(K) ]pg IS∂v ac-ß-fpsS CS-bn-te°v (2001) (K)

(L) Iogv]Sw Ipam-c≥ \mb¿ (2001) (L)

(M) B‰q¿ chn-h¿Ω (M)

[⁄m\-]oTw ; tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv; tIµ-km-lnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv ;

kc-k-ZpX Ihn Inco-S-aWn ; HmS-°p-g¬ ]pc-kv°mcw ; hb-em¿ Ahm¿Uv ; IY-Ifn ]pc

kvImcw ; kZky Xne-I≥]4. IYm--]m-X-ßƒ GtXXp IrXn-bn-te-sX∂v Hmtcm-∂n\pw t\sc Fgp-XpI:

DØcw:

60

(I) Im-fn-\m-b¿ (I)

(J) Ipµ≥ (J)

(K) ]h-Xn-s°m®n (K)

(L) io[-c≥ (L)

(M) hnae (M)

[cma-cm-P-_-l-Zq¿; [¿Ω-cmP ; Cc-hn-°p-ń-∏n-≈-t∏mcv ; cma-I-Ym-∏m´v ; a™v; acp-`q-an-Iƒ

D≠m-Ip-∂Xv ; DΩm®p ; Hcp tZi-Øns‚ IY ; Hcp sXcp-hns‚ IY ; Imew]

5. Xmsg-s°m-Sp-°p-∂h F¥m-sW∂v Hmtcm-∂n\pw t\sc Fgp-XpI:

DØcw:

(I) ISp-Øne (I)

(J) sIm‰ssh (J)

(K) tkma≥ (K)

(L) Zo\m-cn-bkv (L)

(M) bmX-Ifn (M)

[B`-cWw ; hkvXw ; ]Xw ; \mWbw ; Iem-cq]w ; hnt\m-Z-bmX ; tZhX ; Bbp[w ;

B´-°Y ; Kmaw]

(5 x 5 = 25 marks)

111 H‰ hm°n¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI :

1. ""ASn-b-\n-\n-bp-ap≠mw P∑-sa-∂m-e-sX-√m˛

aSn-ap-X¬ apSn-tbmfw \n∂n-em-Is´ Xmtb ! ''

-˛ F∂v BK-ln® Ihn?

Turn over

2. ""AssZz-Xm-a-e-`m-h-kv]-µn-X˛

hnZyp-t∑-Je ]qIn Rm≥!'' -˛ Ihn?

3. "sFXo-ly-ame' bpsS I¿-Ømhv?

4. "Nne-∏-Xn-Imc' Øns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv?

5. "K¿`-io-am≥' F∂p ]Io¿Ø-\mb cmPmhv?

6. ""Ipe-an-X-Jn-e-hp-a-dpXn h∂nXp'' ˛ ChnsS G.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω Is≠-Øp∂

]tXyIX?

7. ""Nc-a-Kncn inckn chpbpw ]th-in-®Xp

Nmcp-e-¶m-tKm-]p-cmtK I]o-µ\pw'' -˛ Ae-¶mcw?

8. "c, \v, c, \, c, \, c' F∂o Ia-Øn¬ KW-ßƒ hcp∂ hrØw?

9. cma-I-Ym-∏m-ń\v ]n.sI \mcm-b-W-]n≈ Xøm-dm-°nb hymJym-\-Øns‚ t]cv?

10. "ZmhnU `mjm tKmXw' F∂ kw⁄ \evIn-bXv?

11. Xncp-hm-d≥ apfsb ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ]mNo\ IrXn?

12. AIm-cmZn Ia-Øn-se-gp-Xnb Hcp kvtXmX IrXn?

13. Imhmew \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿ cq]w \¬Inb \mS-Im-h-X-cW kwLw?

14. ""Structure, sign and play in the discourse of Human Sciences" F∂ ]_-‘-Øns‚

I¿Ømhv?

15. "]m]-Ød' F∂ t\mh¬ _‘-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂ ]ÿm\w?

16. G‰hpw ]mNo-\-sa∂v Df-fq¿ hnti-jn-∏n-°p∂ B´-]-Imcw?

17. kn.-]n. tKmhn-µ-∏n≈ "IWn-bm-Ip-fØp t]mcv' F∂p hnfn-°p∂ IrXn-bpsS ]kn-≤-amb

as‰mcp t]cv?

18. aqjnI cmPmI-°-∑m-cpsS Xe-ÿm\w?

61

19. DÆp-\oenk-tµ-i-Ønse ktµ-i-l-c≥?

20. sXmevI°m-∏n-b-Ønse ]Xn-]mZyw?

21. k‘n-in-ev]-Øn\p amcm¿ ]d-bp∂ as‰mcp t]cv?

22. ]Zm-¥-Øn-tem, kamk Zi-bn-tem, ]IrXn ]Xyb tbmK-Øntem kzc-tbmKw IqSmsX

\nev°m-hp∂ hyRvP-\-ßƒ°p ]d-bp∂ t]cv?

23. tIµ-kz-c-Øn\v tIc-f-]m-Wn\n D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ kw⁄?

24. tImhpÆn s\Sp-ßmSn cNn® hymI-cW KŸw?

25. ]-¥fw tIc-f-h¿Ω-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ XpS-ßnb IhnXm amknI?

(25 x 1= 25 marks)1V ct≠m, \mtem hm°n¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-XpI :

1. ae-b-c-∑m-sc-∏‰n BZn-hmkn Fgp-Xnb t\mh¬ GXv? I¿Ømhv Bcv?

2. "DÆn-bmSn NcnX' Øn¬ Nµs‚ \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw `qan-bn¬ h∂ c≠p tkh--I-∑m¿

3. "Ad-_n-s∏m∂v' Fgp-Xn-bXv?

4. "tIkcn' F∂ XqenIm \ma-Øn¬ ]kn-≤-cmb c≠p t]¿

5. A`n-\-h-Kp-]vX≥ cNn® c≠v ]ikvX hymJym\w

6. "]m´n¬' ]bp-‡-amb c≠p ]mkw

7. Hm´≥ Xp≈-en¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ c≠p hmZyw

8. 'Dravidian Etymological Dictionary' Xøm-dm-°n-bXv?

9. BNm-c-`mjm ]tbm-K-Øn\v c≠v DZm-l-cWw

10. "]pcm-hr-Ø' Øns‚ c≠p apJy hn`mKw

11. "dq_m-bn-bmØn' \v ae-bm-f-Øn¬ D≠mb c≠p apJy ]cn-`mj

12. c≠p Zmb-Iaw

13. ""aq∂m-W-tßbv°p ]t≠ Zbn-X-Iƒ'' F∂p XpS-ßp∂ ap‡Iw Bcv, B¿°v

ka¿∏n®p ?14. Hm´≥ Xp≈-en¬ ]bp-‡-amb c≠p hrØw

15. alm-`m-X-csØ B[m-c-am°n Fw.-‰n. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mbcpw ]n.sI _me-Ir-jvW\pw t\m

h¬ FgpXn Ah-bpsS t]cp-Iƒ

16. tIm´-bØp Xºp-cm≥ Fgp-Xnb \mev B´-°Y

17. Infn-∏m-´n¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ \mev ][m\ hrØw

18. `mc-Xob ⁄m\-]oT ]pc-kvImcw t\-Snb \mev ae-bm-fn-Iƒ

19. e£-W-bp-‡-amb \mev ae-bmf alm-Imhyw

20. Zmhn-U-`mjm tKmX-Ønse \mev kºp-jvS- `mj

21. "\mSy-imkvX' Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ \mev Ae-¶mcw

22. cpZ-S≥ Ae-¶m-c-Øn\p Iev]n® \mev hn`mKw

23. hIXm ]Im-c-ß-fn¬ \mse-Æw.

24. sF¥n-W-I-fn¬ \mseÆw

25. ck-kqX hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ ]kn-≤-amb \mseÆw

(25 x 2= 50 marks)V H‰ hmIy-Øn¬ DØ-c-sa-gp-Xp-I. DØcw Imcn-I-tbm, ]Zy-tam, kqX-hm-Iy-tam, \n¿h-N-\tam

BsW-¶n¬ AsX-gp-Xmw. kwkvIr-X-Øn-tem, Cw•o-jntem D≈-h-bpsS kmcw ae-bm-f-Øn¬Fgp-Xn-bmepw aXn.

1. hneyw thUvkz¿Øv ImhysØ \n¿h-Nn-®-sX-ßs\?

2. tImfdnUvPv ]d-bp∂ ZznXob `mh\ (Secondary Imagination) F¥v?

3. kz\naw ˛ \n¿h-Nn-°pI

4. t_m[-[mcm kº-Zmbw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°p-∂-sX¥v?

62

5. F¥mWv hn]-coX e£W (Irony)?

6. Infn-∏m´pw Infn-hn-SpØpw XΩn-ep≈ ][m\ hyXymkw F¥v?

7. \ºym¿ Xangv F∂m-se¥v?

8. eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ "]m´n' s\ \n¿∆-Nn-°p-∂-sX-ßs\?

9. "^Mvj≥' F∂-Xp-sIm≠v t]m∏v e£y-am-°n-b-sX¥v?

10. "AjvS-I-eiw' F∂m-se¥v?

11. "\nh¿Ø\ ]t£m-`W' Øn\v CS-bm-°nb kw`hw F¥v?

12. "hmIyw' ˛ \n¿h-Nn-°pI

13. "X≤nXw' F∂m-se¥v? c≠v DZm-l-cWw \¬IpI

14. "IpS-h-√q¿ At\ym\yw' F¥v?

15. "\nKo¿Æ I¿ØrI Inb' F∂m-se¥v?

16. "htIm‡n' F∂-XpsIm≠v Ip¥-I≥ hnh-£n-®Xv F¥v?

17. hnh¿Ø\ sshj-ay-Øns‚ apJy ImcWw?

18. "\ntbm-¢m- nk' Øns‚ apJy kz`mhw F¥v?

19. Nn” hn⁄m-\o-b-Ønse "Nn”w' F¥v?

20. F¥mWv "]Xn-‰p--∏Øv'?

21. "Ifhpw I¿∏pw' F¥v?

22. "]l-k\w' F∂m-se¥v?

23. ZrjvSm-¥hpw ]Xn-h-kvXp-]-abpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw F¥v?

24. "hrØ-im-kvX'-Ønse "amX'sb \n¿h-Nn-°pI

25. sX°≥]m´pw hS-°≥ ]m´pw XΩn-ep≈ apJy hyXymkw F¥v?

Paper XVII - Language, Literature and Culture 150 Marks(`mj, kmln-Xyw, kwkv°m-cw)

[Paper XVII is substituted for the dissertation (100 marks) and

Viva-Voce (50 marks) of the MA Malayalam, Semester scheme.

Total marks for M.A. Final Examination - 950

Total marks for the M.A. Degree Examination

MA. Previous 800 + M.A. Final 950 = 1750

********

MA Malayalam syllabus - University of Calicut

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