LYMPHATIC & IMMUNE SYSTEM
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Transcript of LYMPHATIC & IMMUNE SYSTEM
LYMPHATIC &
IMMUNE
SYSTEM
Alexandria TaboasAmber BaldaGissel Perez
Jose Gonzalez
ABBREVIATIONS Ab- antibody AIDS- acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome ARC- AIDS related complex ARV- AIDS related virus EBV- Epstein barr virus ELISA- anzyme linked
immunosorbent assay HIV- human immunodefiencecy
virus IM- infectious mononucleosis KS- kaposi sarcoma
TERMINOLOGYAuto- selfAxillo- armpitEdema- swelling-emphraxis- stoppage, obstructionImmuno- protection, immuneInguin/o- groinLymph/o- lymphNod/o- knot-penia- defiencencyPeri- around-phylaxis- protectionSarc/o- flesh-sepsis- putrefactionSplen/o- spleenTetanto- tetanusThym/o- thymusTonsill/o- tonsilsTop/o- particular place or area
MAIN FUNCTION• Collects and
transports tissues
fluids from the intercellular spaces
in all the tissues of
the body back to the
veins in the blood
system. The organs
filter blood or lymph
PARTS OF LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
• Lymph• Lymph nodes• Lymph vessels
• Spleen• Thymus gland• Lymphoid tissue in
the intestinal tract
• The tonsil
FUNCTIONS• Lymph Nodes- Bean shaped organs, found mostly
in neck armpit and groin, they are filled with lymphocytes and acts as a filter to trap bacteria, viruses and other strange substances.Lymph Fluid- Acts as an intermediary between the blood
in the capillaries & the tissue.• Lymph Vessels-Tubular structures in charge of
carrying lymph through out your body and transports dietary lipids, tissue fluids, plasma proteins, and lymphocytes
FUNCTIONS CONTINUED…• Spleen-Largest lymphoid organ; two main
structural and functional sections that filter the blood for different substances White pulp- is made up of nodules and
follicles; When the lymphocytes enter the circulation of the blood or lymph, their antibodies allow them to destroy pathogens that carry the antigens.
two primary roles, to filter antigens from the circulating blood and to produce lymphocytes (a type of leukocyte).
Red pulp-surrounds the white pulp red pulp serves as an out of the marrow
resource that the body can press into action to produce erythrocytes
filters the blood, outdated, defective, or damaged erythrocytes from circulation.
filters other cellular debris from the blood.
FUNCTIONS CONTINUED…• Thymus- divided into two lobes, lying
on either side of the midline of the body, and into subdivisions called lobules; does not have lymphatic vessels; made up of two types of cells: Reticular cells- form a loose meshwork,
as in a lymph node, while the spaces between them are filled with lymphocytes
Lymphocytes-lymphocytes in the thymus is distributed evenly throughout the cortex
T-cells—that are produced in the spleen; they move from the cortex move to the medulla, where they enter the bloodstream through the medullary veins, adding to the lymphocytes seen in the lymphoid organs; they need an accessory cell to activate
FUNCTIONS CONTINUED …
• Function of tonsils-
to filter contaminated tissue
fluid that enters the
body through the
mouth or nose; five
types2 palatine;2 lingual;1
pharyngeal
Thoracic Duct: The main duct of the lymphatic system, ascending through the thoracic cavity in front of the spinal column and discharging lymph and chyle into the blood through the left subclavian vein.
CELL FUNCTIONS
• Helper T cells: These cells recognize non-self
antigens and produce lymphocytes to stimulate
the cells that actually makes the antibodies
• B cell: These cells when they take in large
antigen they must be stimulated by a helper T
cell before they can react to that antigen
DISEASES: AIDS/HIV
• HIV is in the blood and mostly damages helper T-cells After having HIV for a couple of years the body’s not able to produce as much
helper T-cells• AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a condition in which a person has a
pattern infections because the immune system is being destroyed slowly• AIDS begins after HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
After to years, the virus destroys enough helper T-cells that the people have symptoms of immunodeficiency.
AIDS is diagnosed when the helper T-cells count is below 200 People with HIV have lymph nodes larger than usual
• AIDS can be treated but not cured• Symptoms are: fever, fatigue, rash, headache, joint pain, sore throat, and swollen
lymph nodes• You can get it by exchanging blood or body fluid, unprotected sex, or direct blood to
blood contact
DISEASES: CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
• cancer of the blood cells where bone marrow is replaced with malignant leukemia cells, mostly found in the blood, making the spleen, liver and other organs enlarge
• originates from the presence of a genetic abnormality in blood cells called the Philadelphia chromosome and progresses through distinct phases
• When a person has CML, too many blood stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called granulocytes, which are abnormal and never become healthy white blood cells
• In the first stages of CML, known as the chronic phase, people show few signs of illness. In the end, millions of abnormal white blood cells collect, preventing production of normal blood cells and blood-clotting platelets. Patients can suffer from infections, anemia, uncontrolled bleeding and other complications that lead to death.
• occurs during or after middle age and rarely develops in children.• Bone-marrow or stem-cell transplantation is the only known cure for the disease.
DISEASES: DIABETES• disease that affects the body's ability to make and use insulin and can result in blindness, heart
disease, neurological disease, kidney failure and other conditions. Forms of this can be a result from immune system diseases because of an immune system attacking molecules and self cells. Can be treated but, not cured
• type 1 diabetes can develop at any age, it typically appears during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, the most common type, can develop at any age and is often preventable.
• blood sugar monitoring, insulin and oral medications may play a role in treatment. A pancreas transplant may be an option for people with diabetes that is difficult to control.
• Symptoms: Increased thirst Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and
fat that happens when there's not enough insulin) Fatigue Blurred vision Slow-healing sores Mild high blood pressure Frequent infections, such as gum or skin infections and vaginal or bladder infections
DISEASES• Asthma: inflammatory condition, is the result of an immune
system overreacting and is characterized by coughing, chest tightness and breath shortness; can be treated but, not cure.
• Crohn’s disease: Caused by over active immune system. inflammatory bowel disease occurs when the immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, with diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss and vomiting as symptoms
• Mediterranean fever: Caused by over active immune system. hereditary inflammatory disease causing abdominal pain. It usually affects young Armenians, Turks and Sephardic Jews living around the Mediterranean Sea.
CAREER: IMMUNOLOGIST
• Responsible for the process and the administration of studies in terms of the growth of disease.
• Study persons response to antibodies or other substances given to it in an effort to ward off or treat illness.
• Need a bachelors degree and a doctoral degree• 26,800 a year to $105,000 and beyond
PHYSICIAN• Four years at a college or university to
earn a bachelors degree, usually with a strong emphasis on basic sciences, such as biology, chemistry, and physics; Four years of education at one of the U.S. medical schools
• Insure proper injury care, disease prevention diagnosis, treatment, recovery
• Prescribes medication, provides injections, advice on health
• $138,991-$224,225
ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY• Trained in the evaluation, physical and laboratory diagnosis
and management of disorders involving the immune system.
• Conditions such as asthma, immune deficiency disease, defects in host defense and problems related to autoimmune disease.
• 4 years of college; 4 years of medical school; residency training and 2 years in specialty training of allergy and immunology. After examination board certified must be passed
• Start at $174,000-$240,000
THE END