Lymphatic & Immune System
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Transcript of Lymphatic & Immune System
Function and Structures of the Lymph System
Two functions of the lymphatic system:
1. Absorb fats and vitamins from digestive system
2. Return waste products and extra fluid to circulatory system
Structures of the lymphatic system:
1. Lymph fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, thymus, lymphocytes
See Figures 6.1 and 6.2, p. 106
Structures of the Lymphatic System
Lymph fluid – removes waste from cells, filtered by lymph nodes before re-entering circulatory system
Lymph vessels – have valves, always flow toward the thoracic (chest) cavity
Lymph nodes – location of lymphocyte production; nodes filter lymph fluid of harmful substances; swollen lymph nodes may mean there is a disease process
See figure 6.3, p. 107
Structures of the Lymphatic System
Tonsils – masses of lymphatic tissue located in back of mouth on sides of throat
Spleen – filters blood, makes lymphocytes & monocytes, removes old RBC’s
Thymus – located above the heart, important in immune and endocrine systems
Pathology of the Lymphatic System
Lymphadenitis - (lymphaden/o + -itis) inflammation of lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy – (lymphaden/o + -pathy) disease of lymph node
Lymphedema – (lymph/o + -edema) swelling from lymph fluid accumulation
Splenomegaly – (splen/o + -megaly) enlargement of the spleen
www.hoslink.com/haematology/splenomegaly.jpg
Function of the Immune System
Function of the Immune System
1. Protect the body from harmful substances such as microorganisms, allergens, poisons, malignant cells
www.cc.utah.edu/.../Resources/contact.jpeg
2. Structures include tonsils & adenoids, bone marrow, appendix, spleen, thymus, skin, lymph nodes and vessels
Defense Mechanisms
First Line of Defense
1. Skin – barrier against organisms entering the body
2. Respiratory system – traps inhaled foreign matter, coughing & sneezing helps remove
matter
3. Digestive system – uses acids and enzymes to destroy organisms swallowed or eaten in food
4. Lymphatic system – fight invaders after they enter body
Types of Immunity
Immune Response – activated when a foreign substance (antigen) enters the body, proteins (antibodies) bind to the antigen to mark it so that other cells in the immune system can destroy the antigen
Types of Immunity1. Natural Immunity – passed from mother to fetus before
birth2. Acquired Immunity – development of antibodies
following a disease (ex. chicken pox)3. Artificial Immunity – immunity acquired from
vaccination (ex. MMR, tetanus, hepatitis, etc…)
Pathology of the Immune System
Pathology of Immune System1. Allergic Reaction – overreaction by the body to an
antigen (see figure 6.7, p. 111)2. Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction, can
be fatal without rapid treatment
3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – bloodborne pathogen that invades and kills cells of the immune system
4. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – advanced stage of HIV
Pathogenic Organisms
Pathogenic Organisms (Path/o = disease + genic = creation or reproduction) See figure 6.9, p. 114
1. Bacteria – one-celled microscopic organism (ex. Staph or strep)
2. Fungus – parasitic plant
3. Yeast – type of fungushttp://www.aceium.com/images/
fungus.jpg
4. Parasite – plant or animal living in another organism (example malaria)
5. Virus – invade cells, reproduce, and spread to other cells
Examples of viruses: chickenpox, mono, measles, rabies
Treatments / Medications
Medications to treat infections
1. Antibiotics – used to treat bacterial infections (anti = against + bi/o = life + -tic = pertaining to)
2. Antivirals – used to treat viral infections
Oncology – study of the prevention, cause and treatment of cancer
Tumors
Terms related to tumors:
1. Neoplasm – new, abnormal tissue formation
2. Benign – not malignant, favorable recovery
3. Malignant – harmful, tends to spread, become worse or life threatening
4. Metastasize – cancer that spreads from one place to another
Cancer
Types of Cancer:
1. Carcinoma – malignant tumor in the epithelial layer of tissue (carcin = cancerous + -oma = tumor)
2. Sarcoma – malignant tumor in the connective tissue (sarc- = flesh)
3. Lymphoma – malignancy in the lymphatic system
www.innohepusa.com/.../Lymphomashoulder.jpg
4. Blastoma – malignancy of immature cells (blast = immature)
Cancer Cont’d.
Breast Cancer – malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the breast.
Detection of breast cancer – breast self exam, mammogram, biopsy
http://www.alternative-cancer.net/images/cancer%20cell,%20breast.jpg
Cancer Treatments
Cancer Treatments1. Surgery – removing the malignancy (tumor) plus
some of the surrounding normal tissue
2. Chemotherapy – use of toxic chemical agent and drugs to destroy malignant cells
3. Radiation – treatment of cancer through x-rays
http://www.srhc.com/services/oncology/image/Clinac.jpg