Lymphatic and Immune system

Aplastic Anemia

Iron-deficiency Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

By Marjorie Smith

Anemia

• Anemia consist of a large group of conditions that affect the blood

• They are characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells (RBC) present

• They are characterized by the amount of hemoglobin in the blood

Anemia

• Overall, Anemia results in the amount of oxygen reaching the body tissues.

• A few types of Anemia are:

1. Aplastic Anemia

2. Iron-deficiency Anemia

3. Sickle Cell Anemia

Anemia

Aplastic Anemia

• Is a severe form of anemia that results due to the almost failure of functioning red bone marrow

• Red bone marrow is the spongy portion found in long bones

• The red bone marrow produce hematopoietic stem cells that develop into red blood cells(erythrocytes), white blood cells(leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes)

Aplastic Anemia

• Signs and Symptoms

• Infections

• Weakness

• Bleeding

• Fatigue

Aplastic Anemia

• Treatment may include:• Immunotherapy

ATG

Cyclosporine

High doses of steroids

Cyclophosphamide

Bone marrow transplant

Aplastic Anemia

Iron-deficiency Anemia

• This form of Anemia results from having insufficient iron which interferes with the synthesis of hemoglobin

• Iron is very important because it helps the body get the oxygen it needs

• Iron is required to make hemoglobin

Iron-deficiency Anemia

• Hemoglobin is the part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells of the body

• A poor supply of iron causes the body to make few and smaller red blood cells

• Less red blood cells means less oxygen to the body cells

• Less oxygen in the blood can lead to other medical disorder

Iron-deficiency Anemia

• Causes of iron-deficiency anemia:

• Heavy menstrual bleeding

• Not enough iron in food

• Bleeding inside the body

Iron-deficiency Anemia

• Signs and symptoms:

• Weakness

• Dizziness

• Headaches

• Pale in color

• Short of breath

• Trouble concentrating

Iron-deficiency Anemia

• The doctor can run a complete blood count or iron test to determine if it is iron deficient anemia

• Treatment includes taking a iron supplement and eating iron rich foods

Sickle Cell Anemia

• Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder that affect the red blood cells

• It affects almost 100,000 people in the U.S.• It cause the erthrocytes to change from their

normal biconcave shape to an abnormal form “sickle” shape

• The sickle shaped cells are more fragile and easily damaged than normal shaped red blood cells

Sickle Cell Anemia

• Normal red blood cells are rounded, biconcaved disk

• Sickle cells are shaped like a sickle

• Sickle cells carry less oxygen to the body

Sickle Cell Anemia

• Sickle shaped red blood cells live only 10-20 days

• Normal red blood cells live 120 days

• Sickle cells tend to clump together causing damage to vessels

Sickle Cell Anemia

• Sickle Cell block blood flow

• Cause damage to blood vessels

• Cause damage to vital organs

brain liver

heart bones

lungs spleen

kidneys

Sickle Cell Anemia

• Signs and Symptoms• Severe pain• Anemia• Chest pain, difficulty

breathing• Joint pain, arthritis• Blockage of blood

flow

Sickle Cell Anemia• Diagnosis

Test: hemoglobin electrophoresis

Pre-natal testing• Treatment

Treatment include

Opioid pain medications

Anti-inflammatory medications (ibuprofen)

Oxygen

Intravenous or oral fluids

Works Cited

• Kujovich, Jody, M.D. “Pain Management: Sickle Cell Disease” WebMD. 27Jan 2010. 28 Oct 2011. Web• WebMD Medical Reference from Healthwise. 28 Oct 2011. Web• WebMD Medical Reference from the National Organization of Rare Disease. 28 Oct 2011.Web• Yahoo.com image search. 28 Oct 2011. Web