Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 354

Álvaro RochaAna Maria CorreiaSandra CostanzoLuís Paulo Reis Editors

New Contributions in Information Systems and TechnologiesVolume 2

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 354

Series editor

Janusz Kacprzyk, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Polande-mail: kacprzyk@ibspan.waw.pl

About this Series

The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications on theory,applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent Computing. Virtually alldisciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer and information science, ICT, eco-nomics, business, e-commerce, environment, healthcare, life science are covered. The list of top-ics spans all the areas of modern intelligent systems and computing.

The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are primarilytextbooks and proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They cover sig-nificant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and applicable character. Animportant characteristic feature of the series is the short publication time and world-wide distri-bution. This permits a rapid and broad dissemination of research results.

Advisory Board

Chairman

Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, Indiae-mail: nikhil@isical.ac.in

Members

Rafael Bello, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cubae-mail: rbellop@uclv.edu.cu

Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spaine-mail: escorchado@usal.es

Hani Hagras, University of Essex, Colchester, UKe-mail: hani@essex.ac.uk

László T. Kóczy, Széchenyi István University, Gyor, Hungarye-mail: koczy@sze.hu

Vladik Kreinovich, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, USAe-mail: vladik@utep.edu

Chin-Teng Lin, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwane-mail: ctlin@mail.nctu.edu.tw

Jie Lu, University of Technology, Sydney, Australiae-mail: Jie.Lu@uts.edu.au

Patricia Melin, Tijuana Institute of Technology, Tijuana, Mexicoe-mail: epmelin@hafsamx.org

Nadia Nedjah, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazile-mail: nadia@eng.uerj.br

Ngoc Thanh Nguyen, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Polande-mail: Ngoc-Thanh.Nguyen@pwr.edu.pl

Jun Wang, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Konge-mail: jwang@mae.cuhk.edu.hk

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Álvaro Rocha · Ana Maria CorreiaSandra Costanzo · Luís Paulo ReisEditors

New Contributionsin Information Systemsand TechnologiesVolume 2

ABC

EditorsÁlvaro RochaDEI/FCTUniversidade de CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Ana Maria CorreiaInstituto Superior de Estatística eGestão de Informação Campus

de CampolideUniversidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Sandra CostanzoDEISUniversità della CalabriaArcavacata di RendeItaly

Luís Paulo ReisDepartamento de Sistemas de InformaçãoUniversidade do MinhoGuimarãesPortugal

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)Advances in Intelligent Systems and ComputingISBN 978-3-319-16527-1 ISBN 978-3-319-16528-8 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16528-8

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015933811

Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht Londonc© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of thematerial is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad-casting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storageand retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now knownor hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoes not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevantprotective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookare believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or theeditors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors oromissions that may have been made.

Printed on acid-free paper

Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media(www.springer.com)

Preface

This book contains a selection of papers accepted for presentation and discussion at The2015 World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST’15).This Conference had the support of the University of the Azores, AISTI (Iberian As-sociation for Information Systems and Technologies / Associação Ibérica de Sistemase Tecnologias de Informação), ATI (Informatics Technical Association / Asociación deTécnicos de Informática), LIACC (Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science Labo-ratory) and GIIM (Global Institute for IT Management). It took place at University ofthe Azores, Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal, from 1st to 3rd April 2015.

The World Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (WorldCIST) isa global forum for researchers and practitioners to present and discuss recent resultsand innovations, current trends, professional experiences and challenges of modernInformation Systems and Technologies research, technological development and ap-plications. One of its main aims is to strengthen the drive towards a holistic symbiosisbetween academy, society and industry. WorldCIST’15 built on the successes of World-CIST’13, held in 2013 in Olhão, Algarve, Portugal and WorldCIST’14 which took placeon 2014 in Funchal, Madeira, Portugal

The Program Committee of WorldCIST’15 was composed of a multidisciplinarygroup of experts and those who are intimately concerned with Information Systemsand Technologies. They have had the responsibility for evaluating, in a ‘blind review’process, the papers received for each of the main themes proposed for the Conference:A) Information and Knowledge Management (IKM); B) Organizational Models andInformation Systems (OMIS); C) Intelligent and Decision Support Systems (IDSS);D) Big Data Analytics and Applications (BDAA); E) Software Systems, Architectures,Applications and Tools (SSAAT); F) Multimedia Systems and Applications (MSA); G)Computer Networks, Mobility and Pervasive Systems (CNMPS); H) Human-ComputerInteraction (HCI); I) Health Informatics (HIS); J) Information Technologies in Educa-tion (ITE); K) Information Technologies in Radiocommunications (ITR).

WorldCIST’15 also included workshop sessions taking place in parallel with the con-ference ones. Workshop sessions covered themes such as i) Applied Statistics and DataAnalysis using Computer Science – ASDACS; ii) Big Data Systems and Technologies– BDST; iii) Business Intelligence in Organisations – BIO; iv) Computer Supported

VI Preface

Qualitative Analysis – CSQA; v) Educational and Serious Games – ESG; vi) HealthcareInformation Systems Interoperability, Security and Efficiency – HISISE; vii) IntelligentSystems and Machines – ISM; viii) Internet of Things – IoT; ix) Pervasive InformationSystems – PIS; x) Safety, Ergonomics and Efficiency in Human-Machine Interfaces –SEEHMI; xi) Stealth and Anti-Forensics Techniques – SAFT.

WorldCIST’15 received contributions from 43 countries around the world. The pa-pers accepted for presentation and discussion at the Conference are published bySpringer (this book) and by AISTI (another e-book) and will be submitted to be in-dexed by ISI, EI, SCOPUS, DBLP and/or EBSCO, among others. Extended versionsof best selected papers will be published in relevant journals, including SCI/SSCI andScopus indexed journals.

We acknowledge all those who contributed to the staging of WorldCIST15 (authors,committees and sponsors); their involvement and support is very much appreciated.

Azores Álvaro Rocha, University of CoimbraApril 2015 Ana Maria Correia, University Nova de Lisboa

Sandra Costanzo, University of CalabriaLuís Paulo Reis, University of Minho

Organization

Conference

General Chairs

Ana Maria Ramalho Correia University Nova de Lisboa, Rtd, PT; Universityof Sheffield, UK

Sandra Costanzo University of Calabria, ITÁlvaro Rocha University of Coimbra, PT

Workshops Chair

Luis Paulo Reis University of Minho, PT

Advisory Committee

Borko Furht Florida Atlantic University, USChoon Ling Sia City University of Hong Kong, HKChris Kimble KEDGE Business School & MRM, UM2,

Montpellier, FRConstantine Stephanidis University of Crete, GRDaniel Zeng University of Arizona, USFelix Tan Auckland University of Technology, NZGary Norman Asia-New Zeland Informatics Associates, NZHan-Chieh Chao National Ilan University, TWHélia Guerra University of the Azores, PTIvan Lukovic University of Novi Sad, RSJanusz Kacprzyk Polish Academy of Sciences, PLJeroen van den Hoven Delft University of Technology, NLKarl Stroetmann Empirica Communication & Technology Research,

DELuís Mendes Gomes University of the Azores, PT

VIII Organization

Martin Gaedke Chemnitz University of Technology, DEMartin Bichler Technische Universität München, DERamayah Thurasamy Universiti Sains Malaysia, MYRichard Lorch Building Research & Information, UKRobert Kauffman Singapore Management University, SGSalim Hariri University of Arizona, US

Program Committee

Abdulhadi Eidaroos Umm AlQura University, SAAbeer Aisanad King Saud University, SAAdnan Amin Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar, PKAdrian Florea ‘Lucian Blaga’ University of Sibiu, ROAlberto Freitas University of Porto, PTAli Elrashidi University of Bridgeport, USAlmir Souza Silva Neto IFPB, BRAnabela Tereso University of Minho, PTAndré Fabiano de Moraes Federal Institute Catarinense, BRAndré Marcos Silva Adventist Center University of São Paulo, BRAli Elrashidi University of Bridgeport, USAntonio Jiménez-Martín Polytechnic University of Madrid, ESArmando Mendes University of the Azores, PTAvireni Srinivisulu VFSTR University, INBabak Darvish Rouhani Payame Noor University, IRBenedita Malheiro Polytechnic of Porto, PTBernard Grabot Ecole National d’Ingénieurs de Tarbes, FRBhatt Chintan Charotar University of Science and Technology, INBin Zhou University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USCarla Pinto Polytechnic of Porto, PTCarlos Costa ISCTE - IUL, PTCarolyn Sipes Chamberlain College of Nursing, USCédric Gaspoz University of Applied Sciences Western

Switzerland, CHChristos Bouras University of Patras and CTI&P-Diophantus, GRChunhui Guo Illinois Institute of Technology, USCiro Martins University of Aveiro, PTConceição Tavares University of Minho, PTCristina Alcaraz University of Malaga, ESDamon Shing-Min National Chung Cheng University, TWDaniel Castro Silva University of Porto, PTDaniela Popescul Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, RODavid Cortés-Polo Fundation COMPUTAEX, ES

Organization IX

Dirk Thorleuchter Fraunhofer INT, DEDohoon Lee Pusan National University, KRDumitru Dan Burdescu University of Craiova, ROEdna Dias Canedo University of Brasilia, BRElisa Francomano Università degli Studi di Palermo, ITFábio Diniz Federal University Campina Grande, BRFabrizio Montesi University of Southern Denmark, DKFarhan Siddiqui Walden University, USFernando Bobillo University of Zaragoza, ESFernando Moreira Portucalense University, PTFernando Ribeiro Polytechnic of Castelo Branco, PTFilipe Portela University of Minho, PTFionn Murtagh De Montfort University, UKFrancesca Venneri University of Calabria, ITFrancesco Bianconi Università degli Studi di Perugia, ITFrancisco Ortin University of Oviedo, ESFrederico Branco University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, PTFu-Chien Kao Da-Yeh University, TWGabriele Oliva University Campus Biomedico, ITGaryfallos Arabatzis Democritus University of Thrace, GRGeorge Siciu University Polithehnica of Bucharest, ROGonçalo Paiva Dias University of Aveiro, PTGoreti Marreiros Polytechnic of Porto, PTHabiba Drias USTHB/LRIA, DZHanlie Smuts MTN, ZAHartwig Hochmair University of Florida, USHerlina Jayadianti UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta, IDHernani Costa University of Malaga, ESHing Kai Chan Norwich Business School, University of East

Anglia, UKHironori Washizaki Waseda University, JPIsabel Lopes Polytechnic of Bragança, PTIsabel Pedrosa Polytechnic of Coimbra, PTIvan Lukovic University of Novi Sad, RSJannica Heinstrom Åb Akademi, FIJianhua Chen Louisiana State University, USJoão Carlos Silva Polytechnic of Cávado and Ave, PTJoão Negreiros University of Saint Joseph, MOJoão Paulo Pereira Polytechnic de Castelo Branco, PTJoão Tavares University of Porto, PTJorge Gomes ISEG, University of Lisbon, PTJosé Braga de Vasconcelos Atlântica University, PTJose C. Valverde University of Castilla-La Mancha, ES

X Organization

José Luis Garrido University of Granada, ESJose Luis Herrero Agustín University of Extremadura, ESJosé Machado University of Minho, PTJosé Martins University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, PTJuan Miguel Alcántara-Pilar University of Granada, ESKalaid Anand Ratnam Asia Pacific University of Technology &

Innovation, MYKawtar Benghazi University of Granada, ESKevin K. H. Ho University of Guam, GUKhalid Benali Loria, University of Lorraine, FRKuan Yew Wong Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MYLaura Alcaide Muñoz University of Granada, ESLea Skorin-Kapov University of Zabreb, HRLinchuan Chen The Ohio State University, USManokoran Newlin Rajkumar Anna University, INManolis Vavalis University of Thessaly, GRManuel Mazzara Innopolis University, RUManuel Pérez Cota University of Vigo, ESManuel Silva Polytechnic of Porto, PTMaria José Sousa BRU-UNIDE ISCTE - IUL, PTMaria Lee Shih Chien University, TWMario Antunes Polytechnique of Leiria, PTMário Pinto Polytechnic of Porto, PTMartin Gaedke Technische Universität Chemnitz, DEMartin Henkel Stockholm University, SEMartín López Nores University of Vigo, ESMartin Zelm INTEROP VLab, BEMatthias Galster University of Canterbury, NZMazdak Zamani Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, MYMichal Strzelecki Technical University of Lodz, PLMijalce Santa Ss Cyril and Methodius University, MKMircea Georgescu University of Iasi, ROMiroslav Bures Czech Technical University in Prague, CZMirna Ariadna Muñoz Mata CIMAT - Zacatecas, MXMohamed Makhlouf Kedge Business School, FRMohammed Altayar Al-Imam University, SAMohamed Mahmoud Shorouk Academy, EGMu-Song Chen Da-Yeh University, TWNoemi Emanuela Cazzaniga Politecnico di Milano, ITPanos Balatsoukas University of Manchester, UKPaula Alexandra Rego Polytechnic of Viana do Castelo, PTPaulo Gandra de Sousa msg Life Iberia, PTPaulo Maio Polytechnic of Porto, PTPaweł Karczmarek The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, PL

Organization XI

Pedro Heriques Abreu University of Coimbra, PTPedro Sousa University of Minho, PTPhoey Lee Teh Sunway University, MYPushpinder Singh Palacky University, CZRadouane Yafia Ibn Zohr University, MARahul Singh The University of North Carolina at Greensboro,

USRamayah Thurasamy Universiti Sains Malaysia, MYRamiro Gonçalves University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, PTRoberto Montemanni Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence

(IDSIA), CHRuben Gonzalez Crespo Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, ESRui José University of Minho, PTRui Pitarma Polytechnic of Guarda, PTRui Silva Moreira Fernando Pessoa University, PTSajid Anwar IMSciecnes Peshawar, PKSalama A. Mostafa Universiti Tenaga Nasionali, TWSaleem Abuleil Chicago State University, USSalim Bitam University of Biskra, DZSangkyun Kim Kangwon National University, KRSanja Seljan University of Zagreb, HRSathish Kumar Coastal Carolina University, USSergio Escalera University of Barcelona, ESShaowu Cheng Harbin Institute of Technology, CNShizhong Yuan Shanghai University, CNSirje Virkus Tallinn University, EESilvia Martinez University of Castilla-La Mancha, ESSlawomir Zolkiewski Silesian University of Technology, PLSuksant Sae Lor HP Labs, UKTzung-Pei Hong National University of Kaohsiung, TWVictor Alves University of Minho, PTVipin Pal Vivekananda Global University, INVitalyi Igorevich Talanin Zaporozhye Institute of Economics and

Information Technologies, UAWolf Zimmermann Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg, DEWY Szeto The University of Hong Kong, HKYair Wiseman Bar-Ilan University, ILYasar Diner Kadir Has University, TRYi Gu Middle Tennessee State University, USYogita Thakran Amity School of Engineering and Technology

Delhi, INYolanda Blanco-Fernandez University of Vigo, ESYuhua Li University of Salford, UKYuwei Lin University for the Creative Arts, UKYves Rybarczyk Nova University of Lisbon, PTZahoor Jan Islamia College University Peshawar, PK

XII Organization

Workshops

Applied Statistics and Data Analysis using Computer Science –ASDACS

Organizing Committee

Brígida Mónica Faria Instituto Politécnico do Porto, PTPedro Henriques Abreu Universidade de Coimbra, PTSandra Maria Alves Instituto Politécnico do Porto, PT

Program Committee

Alberto Cardoso Universidade de Coimbra, PTAntónio Dourado Universidade de Coimbra, PTDaniel Castro Silva Universidade do Porto, PTJoão Alberto Fabro Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, BRJoão Mendes Moreira Universidade do Porto, PTJosé Manuel Matos Moreira Universidade de Aveiro, PTJulio Nievola Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, BRLuis Paulo Reis Universidade do Minho, PTMárcia Ito Universidade de São Paulo/IBM Research Brasil,

BRNuno Lau Universidade de Aveiro, PTPedro J. García Laencina Centro Universitario de la Defensa de San

Javier, ESPenousal Machado Universidade de Coimbra, PTRui Assunção Esteves Pimenta Instituto Politécnico do Porto, PTTheodoros Economou University of Exeter, UK

Business Intelligence in Organisations – BIO

Organizing Committee

Maria José Sousa Universidade Europeia, Instituto Universitáriode Lisboa, PT

George Leal Jamil Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto, PTAntonio Juan Briones Peñalver Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, ES

Organization XIII

Program Committee

António Lucas Soares Universidade do Porto, PTCarlos Rosa Universidade Europeia, PTDhouha Jaziri Bouagin University of Tunis, TNGabriel Pestana Universidade Europeia, PTJosé Rascão Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, PTMaria Beatriz Marques Universidade de Coimbra, PTMaribel Santos Universidade do Minho, PTMarici Sakata Universidade de São Paulo, BRMarta Valentim Universidade Estadual Paulista em Marília,

São Paulo, BRMiguel Mourão Fialho Bugalho Universidade Europeia, PTPeter Totterdill Kingston University, UKRamiro Gonçalves Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, PTRoberto Henriques ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PTSérgio Maravilhas Univ. Porto/Aveiro, PNPD/CAPES-UFBA-ICI, BRVitor Santos ISEGI, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, PT

Computer Supported Qualitative Analysis – CSQA

Organizing Committee

António Pedro Costa ISLA, Ludomedia and University of Aveiro, PTFrancislê Neri de Souza University of Aveiro, PTLuís Paulo Reis University of Minho, PT

Program Committee

António Pedro Costa ISLA and University of Aveiro, PTAntónio Moreira University of Aveiro, PTBrígida Mónica Faria Polytechnic Institute of Porto, PTCelina Leão University of Minho, PTDayse Neri de Souza University of Aveiro, PTDavid Lamas University of Tallinn, EEDeise Juliana Federal University of Alagoas, BRDiogo Casanova University of Kingston, UKFrancislê Neri de Souza University of Aveiro, PTJosé Luis de Carvalho University of Extremadura, ESJosé Luís Ramos University of Évora, PTJoão Varajão University of Minho, PTLuis Paulo Reis University of Minho, PT

XIV Organization

Healthcare Information Systems: Interoperability, Security andEfficiency- HISISE

Organizing Committee

José Machado University of Minho, PortugalAntónio Abelha University of Minho, Portugal

Program Committee

Ana Azevedo Polytechnic Institute of Oporto, PTErich Neuhold University of Vienna, ATFilipe Pinto Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PTFilipe Portela University of Minho, PTJoel Rodrigues University of Beira Interior, PTJorge Ribeiro Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, PTJosé Neves University of Minho, PTHenrique Vicente University of Évora, PTHelia Guerra University of Azores, PTHasmik Osipyan University of Armenia and University of

Geneva, AMLuis Mendes Gomes University of Azores, PTManuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, PTMas Mohktar University of Malaya, MYRimvydas Skyrius University of Vilnius, LTVictor Alves University of Minho, PTWilfred Bonney University of Dundee, UK

Internet of Things – IoT

Organizing Committee

Nuno Vasco Lopes University of Minho, PTAlexandre Santos University of Minho, PT

Program Committee

Aletéia Araújo Universidade de Brasília, BRAlexandre Santos University of Minho, PTAnderson Nascimento University of Brasilia, BRCándido López García University of Vigo, ESCharalampos Doukas CREATE-NET, GREdna Dias Canedo Universidade de Brasília, BR

Organization XV

Fabiana Freitas Mendes Universidade de Brasília, BRHalina Tarasiuk Warsaw University of Technology, PLJoel J.P.C. Rodrigues Inst. Telecomunicações, University of

Beira Interior, PTJorge Sa Silva University of Coimbra, PTJosé Manuel Torres University of Fernando Pessoa, PTLuis Paulo Reis Univrsity of Minho, PTManuel Veiga University of Vigo, ESMaria João Nicolau Universidade do Minho, PTMaristela Holanda Universidade de Brasília, BRNuno Lopes University of Coimbra, PTPaolo Barsocchi CNR-ISTI, ITPascal Lorenz University of Haute Alsace, FRPedro Sousa University of Minho, PTPetar Šolic University of Split, HRRafael Timóteo De Sousa Júnior University of Brasilia, BRSelwyn Piramuthu University of Florida, USAStefan Knauth Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, DE

Pervasive Information Systems – PIS

Organizing Committee

Manuel Filipe Santos University of Minho, PTCarlos Filipe Portela University of Minho, PT

Program Committee

Achilles D. Kameas Hellenic Open University, GreeceAlexandre Santos University of Minho, PortugalAntónio Abelha University of Minho, PortugalCarlo Giannelli University of Bologna, ItalyCristina Alcaraz University of Malaga, SpainDaniele Riboni University of Milano, ItalyFabio A. Schreiber Polytechnic University of Milan, ItalyFilipe Mota Pinto Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, PortugalFrederico Lopes Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, BrazilFrederique Laforest Télécom Saint-Etienne, FranceJorge Sá Silva University of Coimbra, PortugalJosé Machado University of Minho, PortugalJuan-Carlos Cano Polytechnic University of Valencia, SpainKostas Kolomvatsos University of Athens, GreeceManuele Kirsch Pinheiro University of Paris 1, FranceMuhammad Younas Oxford Brookes University, UKNervo Xavier Verdezoto Aarhus University, Denmark

XVI Organization

Norman Sadeh Carnegie Mellon University, USANuno Marques New University of Lisboa, PortugalPaulo Cortez University of Minho, PortugalPaulo Novais University of Minho, PortugalRajeev Kumar Kanth University of Turku, FinlandSaravanan Muthaiyah Multimedia University, MalaysiaSergio Ilarri University of Zaragoza, SpainSpyros Panagiotakis Technological Educational Institution of Crete,

GreeceYang Yu Saunders College of Business, USA

Safety, Ergonomics and Efficiency in Human-Machine Interfaces –HMInSafe

Organizing Committee

Slawomir Zolkiewski Silesian University of Technology, PolandLeszek Chybowski The Maritime University of Szczecin, Poland

Program Committee

Adam Januszko Military University of Technology, PolandArtur Bejger The Maritime University of Szczecin, PolandAthanasios Gkelias Imperial College London, United KingdomCezary Mazurek Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center,

PolandCharalampos Patrikakis Inst. Communications and Computer Systems,

GreeceDaniel Milej Western University and Lawson Health Research

Institute, CanadaDariusz Janusek Nalecz Inst. Biocybernetics and Biomedical

Engineering PAS, PolandJakub Montewka Aalto University, FinlandJean-Bernard Tritsch Polytech Lille, FranceJoseph Cancellaro Columbia College Chicago, USAKatarzyna Gawdzinska The Maritime University of Szczecin, PolandKristof Coussement IÉSEG School of Management, FranceLeszek Chybowski The Maritime University of Szczecin, PolandManuchehr Soleimani University of Bath, United KingdomMariusz Ptak Wroclaw University of Technology, PolandMariusz Pyrz Warsaw University of Technology, PolandMichal Grega AGH University of Science and Technology,

PolandMichal Twardochleb West-Pomeranian University of Technology,

Poland

Organization XVII

Nikolaos P. Ventikos National Technical University of Athens, GreeceNiksa Fafandjel Faculty of Engineering-University of Rijeka,

Rijeka, CroatiaPeter Ross Edinburgh Napier University, United KingdomPiotr Michalski Silesian University of Technology, PolandPiotr Sulikowski West-Pomeranian University of Technology,

PolandRicardo Alves de Sousa University of Aveiro, PortugalRobert Banasiak Lodz University of Technology, PolandRobert Zalewski Warsaw University of Technology, PolandSiergiej Prokhorenko Lviv Polytechnic National University, UkraineSlawomir Zolkiewski Silesian University of Technology, PolandTanguy Messager Lille 1 University - Science and Technology, FranceTomasz Burnos Maintenance and Integrity at Bluewater Energy

Services, HollandZbigniew Piotrowski Military University of Technology, Poland

Contents

Part I: Information Technologies in Radiocommunications

Novel Varactor-Loaded Phasing Line forLarge Reconfigurability Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Sandra Costanzo, Francesca Venneri, Antonio Raffo, Giuseppe Di Massa,Pasquale Corsonello

Low-Cost Radars Integrated into a Landslide Early Warning System . . . . . . 11Sandra Costanzo, Giuseppe Di Massa, Antonio Costanzo, Luca Morrone,Antonio Raffo, Francesco Spadafora, Antonio Borgia, Giuseppe Formetta,Giovanna Capparelli, Pasquale Versace

Cylindrical Rectangular Antenna for Wireless Communications . . . . . . . . . . 21Almir Souza e Silva Neto, George de Araujo Farias, Diego Oliveira da Silva,Artur Luís Torres de Oliveira, Antonio de Paula Dias Queiroz

Antenna for Fifth Generation (5G) Using a EBG Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Almir Souza e Silva Neto, Marta Laís de Macedo Dantas,Joicy dos Santos Silva, Humberto César Chaves Fernandes

Part II: Applied Statistics and Data Analysis Using ComputerScience

A Density-Based Clustering of Spatio-Temporal Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Ehab Zaghlool, Saleh ElKaffas, Amani Saad

A Platform for Assessing Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Brígida Mónica Faria, Joaquim Gonçalves, Luís Paulo Reis, Álvaro Rocha

Assessing Diabetes Health Literacy, Knowledge and Empowerment inNorthern Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Carminda S. Morais, Rui E. Pimenta, Pedro Lopes Ferreira, José M. Boavida,José P. Amorim

XX Contents

Part III: Business Intelligence in Organisations

Action Research Study on Individual Knowledge Use in OrganizationalInnovation Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Maria José Sousa, Teresa Cascais, João Paulo Rodrigues

Intelligent Business Process Based Cloud Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83Lacheheub Mohammed Nassim, Maamri Ramdane

Business Intelligence: An Essential Tool in the Identification ofOrganizational Internal Talent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93Carla Caracol, Ivo Dias

Business Intelligence Applied to Human Resources Management . . . . . . . . . . 105Ivo Dias, Maria José Sousa

A Multi-driven Approach to Improve Data Analytics for Multi-ValueDimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Gabriel Pestana, Pedro Catelas, Isabel Rosa

A Decision Support System for Municipal Budget Plan Decisions . . . . . . . . . 129Hugo Rego, Armando B. Mendes, Hélia Guerra

Part IV: Pervasive Information Systems

Ramex: A Sequence Mining Algorithm Using Poly-trees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Luís Cavique

Decision Support in E-Government – A Pervasive Business IntelligenceApproach: Case Study in a Local Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155Rui Teixeira, Fernando Afonso, Bruno Oliveira, José Machado,António Abelha, Manuel Filipe Santos, Filipe Portela

Pervasive Business Intelligence Platform to Improve the Quality ofDecision Process in Primary and Secondary Education – A PortugueseCase Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167Andreia Ferreira, Filipe Portela, Manuel Filipe Santos

Part V: Healthcare Information Systems: Interoperability,Security and Efficiency

Predicting Plateau Pressure in Intensive Medicine for VentilatedPatients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179Sérgio Oliveira, Filipe Portela, Manuel Filipe Santos, José Machado,António Abelha, Álvaro Silva, Fernando Rua

Predicting Nosocomial Infection by Using Data Mining Technologies . . . . . . 189Eva Silva, Luciana Cardoso, Filipe Portela, António Abelha,Manuel Filipe Santos, José Machado

Contents XXI

Information Systems Assessment in Pathologic Anatomy Service . . . . . . . . . . 199Ana Novo, Júiio Duarte, Filipe Portela, António Abelha,Manuel Filipe Santos, José Machado

Part VI: Computer Supported Qualitative Analysis

Lessons Learned on Developing Educational Systems Using a HybridUser Centered Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213António Pedro Costa, Luís Paulo Reis, Maria João Loureiro

Using NVivo to Evaluate a Program of Goal Corrected EmpathicAttunement Skills: A Case Study in the Context of Higher Education . . . . . . 223Catarina Brandão, José Miguez

Mentoring Relationships: Shedding Light on PhD Student Perspective . . . . . 235Celina P. Leão, Ana C. Ferreira

Perceptions and Understandings on the Need of Change: Viewpointsacross Management Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245Laura Costa Maia, Rúben Eira, Anabela Carvalho Alves, Celina Pinto Leão

Perceptions of Teaching in Students and in Teachers’ Point of View:Implications on Students’ Learning Skills in Higher Education . . . . . . . . . . . 255Susana Oliveira Sá, Maria Palmira Alves, António Pedro Costa

Part VII: Safety, Ergonomics and Efficiency inHuman-Machine Interfaces

Modeling of Complex Properties of Vacuum Packed Particles UsingEvolutionary Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267Robert Zalewski, Paweł Chodkiewicz, Mariusz Pyrz

Modelling of Innovative Controllable Structures Made of GranularMaterials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Robert Zalewski, Paweł SkalskI

Preparing the Aid System for Industrial Network Oriented Diagnostics . . . . 287Piotr Michalski, Mariusz Piotr Hetmanczyk

New Controllable Sound Absorbers Made of Vacuum Packed Particles . . . . 299Zalewski Robert, Rutkowski Michał

An Engine Room Simulator as a Tool for Environmental Education ofMarine Engineers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311Rafał Laskowski, Leszek Chybowski, Katarzyna Gawdzinska

Remote Control of Industry Robots Using Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323Sławomir Zółkiewski, Krzysztof Galuszka

XXII Contents

Basic Reliability Structures of Complex Technical Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333Leszek Chybowski, Sławomir Zółkiewski

Handheld Device Applications for Remote Control of Industrial Robots . . . . 343Sławomir Zółkiewski, Krzysztof Galuszka

Numerical Technologies for Vulnerable Road User Safety Enhancement . . . . 355Mariusz Ptak, Krystian Konarzewski

Conceptual Design of Means of Transport Harnessing Human Power . . . . . . 365Damian Derlukiewicz, Mariusz Ptak

Monitoring Human Website Interactions for Online Stores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375Tomasz Zdziebko, Piotr Sulikowski

Part VIII: Internet of Things

Detection of Dangerous Situations Using a Smart Internet of ThingsSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387Nuno Vasco Lopes, Henrique Santos, Ana Isabel Azevedo

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Part I

Information Technologies in Radiocommunications

© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 Á. Rocha et al. (eds.), New Contributions in Information Systems and Technologies,

3

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 353, DOI: 10.1007/10.1007/978-3-319-16528-8_1

Novel Varactor-Loaded Phasing Line for Reflectarray Unit Cell with Large Reconfigurability Frequency Range

Sandra Costanzo, Francesca Venneri, Antonio Raffo, Giuseppe Di Massa, and Pasquale Corsonello

DIMES – University of Calabria 87036 Rende (CS), Italy

costanzo@deis.unical.it

Abstract. A novel phasing line is proposed to improve the reconfigurability frequency range of an aperture-coupled reflectarray unit cell. A couple of broadband radial stubs loaded by a single varactor diode is adopted to realize the dynamic phase shift mechanism, extending the unit cell beam-scanning and/or reshaping pattern capabilities within a broader frequency range. The radiating structure is properly optimized at 11.5 GHz, obtaining a full phase tuning range within a very large frequency span of about 1.35 GHz.

Keywords: Reflectarray, reconfigurable antennas, radiocommunications.

1 Introduction

Reconfigurable antenna systems are gaining growing interest in last decades, as they meet multi-functionality and flexibility demands of modern radio-communications. They offer many advantages, such as: ability to support multiple standards (UMTS, WiFi, WiMAX) and instantaneous adaptability to different coverage requirements. A very interesting alternative to standard mechanically moved reflectors or conventional phased arrays, usually adopted in spatial communications or in radar applications, is given by reconfigurable reflectarray antennas. As a matter of fact, they can be properly designed to dynamically change their radiation patterns offering additional benefits, such as low profile and scalability. Unlike mechanically scanned antennas, reconfigurable reflectarrays can move the radar beam almost instantaneously, without time delays and vibration due to mechanical systems. Furthermore, with respect to phased arrays they are characterized by higher efficiencies and simpler architectures. Recently, many different active reflectarray configurations have been presented, based on the use of tunable components or materials, such as MEMS, PIN/varactor diodes and liquid crystal substrates [1]-[7]. A very successful configuration has been proposed by the authors in [4], which consists of an aperture-coupled patch integrated with a single varactor diode. By changing the varactor bias voltage, the element reflection phase is properly tuned, thus providing a dynamic control of the antenna radiation features. The proposed configuration has been experimentally validated in [8], demonstrating very good beam scanning capabilities and the possibility to dynamically reshape the radiated pattern within -25°

4 S. Costanzo et al.

and 25° in the H-plane. The above reconfigurable reflectarray is very advantageous with respect to the active reflectarrays available in literature. As a matter of fact, the proposed antenna allows to obtain a very high reconfiguration degree through the integration of a single varactor diode, thus reducing the complexity of the electronics controlling board. Furthermore, the higher versatility of the proposed radiating structure allows to simultaneously optimize different radiation features such as: antenna bandwidth, reconfigurability angular range, polarization agility. In a previous conference contribution [9], the authors already show the capabilities to optimize the varactor loaded unit cell for wide angle beam-steering applications. At this purpose, a reduced size cell Δx×Δy=0.46λ0×0.46λ0 at 11.5 GHz is properly designed to reconfigure the radiation pattern within an angular region greater than about 40°. As further development, in this work, the unit cell proposed in [9] is properly redesigned to achieve beam-scanning and/or reshaping pattern capabilities within a broader frequency range. In particular, the unit cell operational band is improved by adopting a wideband varactor loaded phasing line, composed by a couple of radial stubs. The designed cell is extensively simulated at different frequencies, showing a very good behavior within a large frequency range. As a matter of fact, all phase curves computed between 11.25 GHz and 12.6 GHz show a maximum phase variation ranging from 290° up to 330°, thus ensuring good reconfiguration capabilities. This result is very interesting, as the achieved reconfigurability frequency range (~ 1.35 GHz) is about 3.4 times greater than that obtained for the unit cell tuned by a simple linear phasing line [9]. A preliminary experimental test is also reported on a 10 GHz prototype to confirm the validity of the proposed approach.

2 Reflectarray Unit Cell with Large Reconfigurable Frequency Range

The unit cell layout proposed in this work is illustrated in Fig. 1. It consists of a rectangular patch aperture-coupled to a microstrip line, which is composed by a couple of radial stubs. One end of the line is loaded by a varactor diode, that allows a dynamical tuning of the phase reflected by the cell. As demonstrated in the following sections, this novel phasing line geometry allows to improve the reconfigurability frequency range. The validity of this configuration is numerically tested through the design of a reconfigurable reflectarray unit cell operating at 11.5 GHz.

Fig. 1. Unit cell layout: (a) top view; (b) side view

Novel Varactor-Loaded Phasing Line for Reflectarray Unit Cell 5

2.1 Radial Stub Properties

The input impedance of a radial stub typically shows a smoother behavior with respect to an equivalent linear stub, so it is usually adopted in the design of broadband matching circuits [10, 11]. In order to demonstrate the above assertion, the input reactance of some radial stubs is computed with a full-wave code as a function of frequency. The simulated stubs are printed on a substrate with εr=6 and a thickness equal to 0.762 mm. For simplicity, they are designed to obtain a zero value impedance at 11.5 GHz. Fig. 2 shows the reactance of each radial stub compared with the input impedance of an equivalent linear stub. A smoother frequency behavior in the case of radial stub samples is obtained with respect to the standard linear stub. Furthermore, it can be observed that the slope of the reactance curve decreases when the stub aperture angle α increases.

In this work, the radial stub properties are fruitful exploited to synthesize a phase tuning line having the capability to actively control the reflection response of an aperture coupled reflectarray cell within a large frequency band.

Fig. 2. Simulated input reactance vs. frequency for different stubs (input port width wg=1.6mm)

2.2 Unit Cell Performances

The layout in Fig. 1 is adopted to design a unit cell operating at 11.5 GHz. In order to better appreciate the improvement introduced by the new phasing line geometry with respect to the previous unit cell configuration [9], both the array grid size as well as the element stratification are set to the values adopted in [9], therefore Δx×Δy is fixed to 0.46λ0×0.46λ0 at 11.5 GHz and the layers stratification of the antenna is that reported in Table 1. By adopting the design procedure described in [8], the unit cell is synthesized to give a quite full phase range at 11.5 GHz, obtaining the following dimensions (Fig. 1(a)): L= 7.75 mm, W= 7.75 mm, La= 5.7 mm, Wa= 0.5 mm, r1= 3.8 mm, r2= 3.9 mm, α=90°. It is important to note that the only difference between the new element and the unit cell designed in [9] lies in the phasing line, while the patch and the slot sizes result to be identical in both considered cases.

Parametric full wave simulations of the unit cell are performed, by adopting the infinite array approach and assuming a normally incident plane wave. As it can be

6 S. Costanzo et al.

observed in Fig. 3, by changing the diode capacitance Cv from 0.2 pF up to 2 pF, a phase variation range of about 330° is obtained at the design frequency f0=11.5 GHz.

Furthermore, as demonstrated by the simulated phase curves reported in the same figure, the element reflection phase can be almost completely tuned also at other neighboring frequencies ranging from 11.25 GHz up to 12.6 GHz (Δf= 1.35 GHz). As a matter of fact, each phase curve lying in this frequency span covers a phase range greater than 290°, thus offering the capabilities to effectively reconfigure the antenna radiation features. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the reconfigurability frequency range obtained for the unit cell tuned by a simple linear phasing line [9] is smaller and results to be limited between 11.4GHz and 11.8 GHz (Δf= 0.4 GHz). Consequently it is possible to affirm that the proposed radial phasing line highly improves the frequency performances of the antenna, allowing to increase about 3.4 times the frequency span within which the unit cell phase shift can be actively tuned. The above results are substantially determined by the slower phase shift variations introduced by the radial phasing lines with respect to the frequency. At this purpose, the reflection phase curves computed for different diode capacitances are plotted in Fig. 5 versus frequency, both for the case of the radial line as well as the linear line tuned cells. A smoother behavior can be observed in the case of the cell driven by the radial line, which results in a widespread sensitivity to diode capacitance variations, appreciable within a wider frequency range.

Table 1. Element stratification

Layer Material ThicknessPatch Copper 35 μm

Antenna substrate Diclad870 (εr1=2.33)

t= 0.762 mm

Air d= 0.762 mm Ground plane with slot Copper 35 μm

Phasing line substrate AR600 (εr2=6)

h= 0.762 mm

Phasing line Copper 35 μm

Fig. 3. Simulated phase curves vs. diode capacitance for different frequencies

Novel Varactor-Loaded Phasing Line for Reflectarray Unit Cell 7

Fig. 4. Simulated phase curves vs. Cv for different frequencies (Ls=5.2mm, Lv=4.2 mm [9])

Fig. 5. Simulated phase curves vs. frequency for different diode capacitances Cv (comparison between linear stub and radial stub tuned cells)

As a further check on the validity of the proposed unit cell, the element radiation pattern is evaluated at different frequencies belonging to the achieved reconfigurable frequency range (Fig. 6). The depicted diagrams refers to a reflectarray element with a radial phasing line loaded by a capacitance of 0.8 pF.

Fig. 6. Simulated H-plane radiation patterns for different frequencies

8 S. Costanzo et al.

All patterns computed in the xz-plane show a nearly isotropic behavior within the range from -45° to 45°, as in the case of a typical cos(θ) source. Furthermore, a maximum difference of just 2.5 dB can be appreciated between the pattern computed at the design frequency of 11.5 GHz and that computed at the extremes of the considered frequency range. The overall behavior of the unit cell assures good performances within the frequency span ranging from 11.25 GHz up to 12.6 GHz, thus the proposed configuration can be fruitful adopted to design reflectarrays having reconfiguration capabilities in a quite large frequency range.

3 Preliminary Experimental Results

A preliminary test on the validity of the proposed configuration is performed in the Microwave Laboratory of the University of Calabria on a 10 GHz prototype characterized by the following features (Fig. 1): L=8.9mm, W=6.8mm, La=6.7mm, Wa=0.7mm, r1=4.3mm, r2=2.7mm, εr1=2.33, t=0.762mm, d=1.524mm, εr2=6.15, h=0.762mm. A far-field measurement setup (Fig. 7(a)) is adopted to detect the phase of the field reflected by a small array of 5×5 elements loaded by identically biased varactor diodes (Microsemi MV31011-89).

(a) (b)

Fig. 7. Experimental test: (a) Measurement setup; (b) Comparison between simulated and measured phase curves at different frequencies

The bias voltages are controlled through the circuit board in Fig. 7(a), composed by a microcontroller (ATMEGA 1284) and a chip with 16 channels integrated DACs (AD5360). By changing the applied bias voltage from 0 V to 20 V, a continuous phase shift up to 320° is obtained within the frequency range [9.6÷10.45] GHz, (Fig. 7(b)). An improved operational bandwidth is observed with respect to the value obtained in the case of the same reflectarray cell driven by a linear phase tuning line. The simulation of this last case, in fact, gives a smaller reconfigurability frequency range limited between 9.9 GHz and 10.2 GHz.

Novel Varactor-Loaded Phasing Line for Reflectarray Unit Cell 9

4 Conclusion

An active reflectarray unit cell with a large reconfigurability frequency range has been proposed. A wideband varactor loaded phasing line, based on the use of two radial stubs, has been properly synthesized to actively tune the phase reflected by an aperture-coupled reflectarray cell. A prototype, embedded into a 0.46λ0×0.46λ0 cell at f0=11.5 GHz, has been designed, obtaining good phase tuning ranges within a large frequency range of about 1.35 GHz, 3.4 times greater with respect to that obtained in a previous configuration proposed by the same authors [9]. A preliminary and successful experimental test has been performed on a reflectarray cell prototype scaled at the frequency of 10 GHz. The proposed unit cell can be useful adopted in radio-communication applications requiring reconfiguration capabilities with a certain degree of frequency agility.

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