LPG Properties Bharat Petroleum

LIQUIFIED LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPETROLEUM GAS

PROPERTIES PROPERTIES

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CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS MIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONSMIXTURE OF HYDROCARBONS

• COMMERCIAL PROPANECOMMERCIAL PROPANE• COMMERCIAL BUTANECOMMERCIAL BUTANE

MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER MARKETED IN INDIA AS PER • BIS 4576 : 1978BIS 4576 : 1978

TEST METHODSTEST METHODS STORAGESTORAGE

• PRESSURE VESSELPRESSURE VESSEL• REFRIGERATED VESSELREFRIGERATED VESSEL

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

TYPICAL COMPOSITIONTYPICAL COMPOSITION• MAINLY C3 & C4MAINLY C3 & C4• MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5MINOR TRACES OF C2 & C5

DEPENDS ON SOURCE DEPENDS ON SOURCE • REFINERYREFINERY• FRACTIONATORSFRACTIONATORS

SR GRADESR GRADE• APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED APPROX. NIL UNSATURATED

HYDROCARBONSHYDROCARBONS• NIL IMPURITIESNIL IMPURITIES

LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASLIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GASPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICSPROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS

COLOURCOLOUR• LIQUID PHASELIQUID PHASE• VAPOUR PHASEVAPOUR PHASE

ODOURODOUR• FAINT SMELLFAINT SMELL• STENCHINGSTENCHING

DENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITYDENSITY / SPECIFIC GRAVITY• VAPOUR PHASEVAPOUR PHASE• 1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY1.5 - 2.0 TIMES HEAVY• SETTLES AT LOWER LEVELSSETTLES AT LOWER LEVELS


DENSITY / SP. GRAVITYDENSITY / SP. GRAVITY• LIQUID PHASELIQUID PHASE• 0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE0.525 TO 0.58 AT 15 DEGREE CENTIGRADE

VAPOUR PRESSUREVAPOUR PRESSURE• TWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUMTWO PHASE EQUILIBRIUM• 16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.16.87 KGF / SQ. CM. AT 65 DEG. CENT.• 120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.120 PSI AT 100 DEGREE FOREN.

VOLATILITYVOLATILITY• RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250RAPID EVAPORATION - 1: 250


COEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSIONCOEFFICIENT OF VOL. EXPANSION• 0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE0.00237 PER DEGREE CENTIGRADE RISE• 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE 15-20 KGF / SQ.CM RISE IN PRESSURE

PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.PER DEG RISE IN TEMP.• FILLING RATIO / ULLAGEFILLING RATIO / ULLAGE

FLAMMIBILITYFLAMMIBILITY• LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE LEL: 1.5 % ( ALL SAFETY EQUIPMENT LIKE

GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )GMS , EXPLOSIMETER ETC. )• HEL : 9%HEL : 9%


COMBUSTIONCOMBUSTION• INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES INCREASES VOL. OF PRODUCT AS 50 TIMES

AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN AIR IS REQUIRED AND 3-4 TIMES OF OWN VOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEATVOL. CO2 IS GENERATED APART FROM HEAT

• RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE RESULTS IN ASPHYXIATION , REQUIRE VENTILATIONVENTILATION

• C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.C. V. : 10900 KCAL / KG.• FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.FLAME TEMP WITH AIR - 2000 DEG. CENT.

WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT.WITH OXYGEN - 2800 DEG. CENT. IGNITION TEMP.IGNITION TEMP.

• AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.AUTO IGNITION TEMP. - 410 - 580 DEG. CENT.


BOILING POINTBOILING POINT• TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.TEMP. AT WHICH VAP. PR. EQUALS ATM. PR.• (-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.(-) 2 TO (-) 42 DEG. CENT.

MELTING OR FREEZING POINTMELTING OR FREEZING POINT• TEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURSTEMP. AT WHICH SOLIDIFICATION OCCURS• VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.VERY LOW I.E. LESS THAN (-) 47 DEG. CENT.

VISCOSITYVISCOSITY• VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER VERY LOW IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER

PETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CSPETRO. PRODUCTS - 0.3 CS• REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE & REQUIRES HIGH ITEGRITY OF STORAGE &

HANDLING SYSTEMHANDLING SYSTEM


SOLUBILITYSOLUBILITY• LESS SOLUBILITY IN WATERLESS SOLUBILITY IN WATER• SOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHALSOLUBLE IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS & ALCOHAL

TOXICITYTOXICITY• HIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGENHIGH RELEASES DISPLACES OXYGEN• RESULTS IN SUFFOCATIONRESULTS IN SUFFOCATION• ACTS AS ANAESTHETICACTS AS ANAESTHETIC

CAUSTIC RESIDUECAUSTIC RESIDUE• USED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDEUSED FOR TREATING HYDROGEN SULPHIDE• IF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSIONIF REMAINS RESULTS IN CORROSION• CAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATEDCAUSTIC PRESENCE SHOULD BE ELIMINATED


EFFECT OF WATEREFFECT OF WATER• CORROSIONCORROSION• PARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVESPARTIAL CLOSING OF VALVES

EFFECT OF AIREFFECT OF AIR• POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE POSSIBILITY OF FORMING EXPLOSIVE

MIXTUREMIXTURE• AUTO IGNITIONAUTO IGNITION• PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN DURING

COMMISSIONING COMMISSIONING • RETARDS FILLINGRETARDS FILLING


HEALTH HAZARD HEALTH HAZARD • NON TOXICNON TOXIC• ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN ASPHYXIATION DUE TO LACK OF OXYGEN • NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE NARCOTIC EFFECT IF INHALED IN LARGE

QTYQTY FIRE HAZARDFIRE HAZARD

• PRODUCT DISCHARGEPRODUCT DISCHARGE• STATIC ELECTRICITYSTATIC ELECTRICITY• PYROPHORIC IRON PYROPHORIC IRON • BLEVEBLEVE• UNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSIONUNCONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION

INDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONSINDUSTRIAL LPG APPLICATIONS

AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED AGRICULTURE: GRAIN DRYING, WEED KILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURINGKILLING, TEA/COFFEE/TOBACCO CURING

AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT AUTOMOBILIES: HEAT TREATMENT & PAINT BAKINGBAKING

CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF CERAMIC : CALCINATION, GLOST FIRING, OF SSTONEWARE & PORCELAINSSTONEWARE & PORCELAIN

CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, CHEMICALS / DRUGS: HEATING, DRYING, FEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRYFEED STOCK IN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

ELECTRICAL :ELECTRICAL : BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, BULBS / TUBELIGHTS, FILAMENT ANNEALINGFILAMENT ANNEALING


ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ENGINEERING: METAL MELTING, FORGING, ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT ANNEALING, STRESS RELIEVING, PAINT BAKING, HEAT TREATMENTBAKING, HEAT TREATMENT

FOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYINGFOOD : BAKING, BOILING, FRYING, DRYING GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING, GLASS : MELTING, HOLDING, BLOWING,

POLISHING, STRESS RELIEVINGPOLISHING, STRESS RELIEVING METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET METALLURGICAL : ANNEALING, BILLET

HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS HEATING, MELING, DESCALING, STRESS RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-RELIEVING, MOULD / CUPOLA/ LADLE PRE-HEATINGHEATING


METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD METAL WORKING : CUTTING, HOLD PIERCING, WELDINGPIERCING, WELDING

PACKAGING : SOLDERINGPACKAGING : SOLDERING TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING, TEXTILE : DRYING, SINGING,

CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT CALENDERING, STENTERING, PRINT DRYING, DYEING, VELVET DRYING, DYEING, VELVET PROCESSINGPROCESSING

MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, MISC. AEROCOL - AS PROPELLANT, BITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANINGBITUMENT MELTING, OIL CLEANING

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT STEP I : DECIDE WHETHER LPG IS RIGHT

FUELFUEL

FACTOR : FACTOR : ECONOMICSECONOMICS

AVAILABILITYAVAILABILITY

APPLICATION SUITABLITYAPPLICATION SUITABLITY

STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR STEP II : DECIDE WHETHER PACKED OR BULKBULK

FACTOR :FACTOR : CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION

AVAILABILITYAVAILABILITY

ECONOMICS ECONOMICS APPLICATION APPLICATION SUITABILITYSUITABILITY

LPG INSTALLATION PLANNINGLPG INSTALLATION PLANNING

STEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATIONSTEP III : SIZE OF INSTALLATION

FACTORS:FACTORS: PEAK HOURLY RATE OF PEAK HOURLY RATE OF CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION

DAILY / MONTHLY DAILY / MONTHLY CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION

DISTANCE FROM SUPPY DISTANCE FROM SUPPY POINTPOINT

CYLINDER ROOM / BULK CYLINDER ROOM / BULK STORAGESTORAGE


STEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTESTEP IV : PIPE LINE SIZE / ROUTE

FACTORS :FACTORS : FLOW RATEFLOW RATE

PRESSURE DROPSPRESSURE DROPS

BRANCHES / POINTS OF BRANCHES / POINTS OF CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION

EASE OF REPAIRS / EASE OF REPAIRS / TROUBLE SHOOTINGTROUBLE SHOOTING


STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE STEP V : CHOOSING PRESSURE REGULATORS REGULATORS

FACTORS:FACTORS: PRESSURE NEEDED FOR PRESSURE NEEDED FOR BURNERSBURNERS

RATE OF CONSUMPTIONRATE OF CONSUMPTION

DISTANCE FROM DISTANCE FROM INSTALLATION TO INSTALLATION TO CONSUMING POINT’CONSUMING POINT’

LPG Properties Bharat Petroleum

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