Name: Date: Block:

Bacteria NotesBell Ringer: Name the 3 Domains:

Name the 6 Kingdoms:

Write your own name in Binomial Nomenclature:

Objective: We will learn about bacterial structures, identification, reproduction, usefulness, and prevention.

Vocabulary:

Peptidoglycan

Gram Staining

Autotroph

Heterotroph

Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Chemoautotroph

Photoautotroph

Obligate Aerobe

Obligate Anaerobe

Facultative Anaerobe

Binary Fission

Nitrogen Fixer

Decomposer

Antibiotics

Sterilization

Bacterial Diseases

Beneficial Bacteria

History of Bacteria:

____________________________ invented the first microscope! Advanced microscopes are able to see bacteria. Most bacteria range in size from 1-5 _____________________________ (µm).

Recall that bacteria were originally grouped together into a single Kingdom called __________________. Now, we have two types of bacteria: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.

All bacteria are ___________________________: consisting of a single cell that lacks a nucleus, and lacks major organelles. All prokaryotes have a _____________________________.

Eubacteria:

Location Found: all over _______________! Plants, animals, ground, tables, chairs, door knobs, etc.

Cause Disease: ______, Ex. Escherichia coli. _____, Ex. Lactobacillus acidophilus

Cell Wall: ______ peptidoglycan.

Archaebacteria:

Location Found: only in extreme/________ environments! Hot springs, Sulphur vents, salt lakes, etc.

Cause Disease: ______, Ex. Thermoproteus tenax

Cell Wall: ______ peptidoglycan.

Name: Date: Block:

Types of:

Eubacteria:

Cyanobacteria: __________________

Ex: green algae

Proteobacteria: pathogenic

Ex: salmonella

Spyrochetes: spiral shaped

Ex: _________ disease

Chlamidyas: parasitic

Ex: Chlamidyas avium

Archaebacteria:

Thermophiles: like ________

Ex: Pyrodictium bacteria

Halophiles: like _______

Ex: Dunaliella salina

Methanogens: methane producing

Ex: Methanosarcina barkeri

Identifying Prokaryotes:

3 Ways: Shape, Cell Wall Contents, and Movement. All identification methods involve using a _________________________!

1. Bacterial Shape:

Rod: called “bacilli” shaped like a _______________. Round: called “cocci” shaped like a ___________. Spiral: called “spirillum” shaped like a spiral.

2. Cell Wall Identification:

Bacteria are separated into 2 categories according to what is/isn’t in their _________________.

Gram Staining: is the process of dying bacteria with a stain that ___________________ with peptidoglycan in cell wall.

Gram Negative = bacteria turn ________: Archaebacteria Gram Positive = bacteria turn _______________: Eubacteria

3. Bacterial Movement:

Some bacteria have cilia/pili which are little ________-like projections that help them ____________ around.

Other bacteria have a _____________(s)called a flagella they whip around to help them move.

Name: Date: Block:

Pilli/Cilia: finger-like projections to help with movement.

Cytoplasm: jelly-like substance that fills bacteria.

Chromosome: genetic material of the bacteria.

Ribosome: manufactures protein for cell processes.

Cell Wall: Tough exterior protection.

Capsule: Extra thick/tough protective barrier.

Plasma Membrane: thin/flexible innermost membrane.

Plasmid: extra piece of circular piece of DNA

Flagella: tail for movement.

Think-Pair-Share!

Name the 2 Kingdoms of Prokaryotes.

What are the 3 Shapes of a Bacteria?

How is Peptidoglycan used to identify bacteria?

Obtaining Nutrition:

1. Autotrophs: 2 Types

Photoautotroph: use sunlight to create their own food by _____________________________. Chemoautotroph: live where there is _____ light, so they use ________________________ to

create their own food.

2. Heterotrophs: Bacteria that do NOT make their own __________, they have to consume an outside source of energy for their nutrition.

Ex: they excrete special ________________ that break down food around them; they can absorb it through their _______________________ to get nutrition.

Name: Date: Block:

Oxygen or No-oxygen Needed? Some bacteria are safe, and some will get you sick!

Obligate Aerobic Bacteria require __________________ to live, just like you and I.

Ex: good = Bacillus subtilis, Ex: bad = Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria will ______ in the presence of oxygen.

Ex: good = Lactobacilli, Ex: bad = Clostridium

Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria that are very _____________________ and can live happily with or without oxygen. Will make you sick!

Ex: bad = E. coli, salmonella, shigella

Bacteria Reproduction:

When the conditions a bacterium live in are ___________, then they can reproduce quickly!

Binary Fission: bacteria grow to double their size, duplicate their ________, then physically separate into 2 _____________________ new bacteria.

Reproduction is __________: 20min to 2 days only!

This process is only held in check by the amount of nutrients and _______________ in the bacteria’s environment.

If environmental conditions become too rough/_________ for the bacteria to survive, they will form a thick layer of extra protection around themselves.

Spore/endospore is the _________________ form of a bacteria. They exist in a vegetative state until favorable conditions return.

Ex: High radiation, temperature too high/low, high chemicals.

Think-Pair-Share!

Describe the ways bacteria get energy/nutrition.

What type of bacteria can live with/without oxygen?

How do bacteria reproduce?

Name: Date: Block:

Good Bacteria:

Decomposers: ______________________ bacteria that break down nonliving things in the environment.

Forest: dead plants and animals are broken down by bacteria, returning their _______________________ to the soil.

Water Treatment: raw sewage is broken down, leaving ________________ water behind to be filtered and re-used.

Nitrogen Fixers: ___________________________________ bacteria break down chemicals in the environment.

Plants: nitrogen fixing bacteria break down nitrogen gas (N2) in the _______, convert it into ammonium NH3 (liquid nitrogen ________________________) for plants to use.

________________________ relationship, they live on plant roots. Ex: Rhizobium live on soybeans.

Food Production: many types of good bacteria are used to create the foods we love!

Ex: cheese, yogurt, kefir, chocolate, soy sauce, kimchi, etc.

Industrially: ________________________: some heterotrophic bacteria eat oil and can be used to help clean up oil spills in the ocean!

Pharmaceutical Drugs: many __________ bacteria are used to produce drugs such as insulin, penicillin, etc.

Bad Bacteria: Disease-causing bacteria = ______________________. Cause disease in 2 ways:

1. Damaging tissues by using it as a __________ source (heterotrophic).

Ex: tuberculosis breaks down lung tissue. Leaf spot in plants.

2. By releasing toxins/poisons that _________ the body.

Ex: food poisoning by E. coli, or Streptococcus causing strep throat.

Most bacterial infections can be stopped by using _________________________. This drug stops them from being able to _________________________ properly.

Name: Date: Block:

Controlling Bacteria: 2 Main Techniques:

Sterilization: high _________ kills bacteria.

Ex: cooking your food with high heat, cleaning your dishes in hot water.

Disinfecting: strong ______________________ kill bacteria.

Ex: Household cleaners such as Clorox bleach, hand sanitizer.

Think-Pair-Share!

Name at least 3 was bacteria can be beneficial:

How do bacteria cause disease?

How are bacterial infections treated?