Los perfectos
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Transcript of Los perfectos
Los perfectos
Perfect Tenses•Any perfect tense is a compound tense. But what is a compound tense?
•Easy!! A compound word is 2 words put together like: home + work= homework
play + ground= playground.
•A compound tense is 2 verbs used together to form 1 tense.
Past Participle
All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb haber and the past participle of the main verb:
helping verb past participle helping verb past participle
He has eaten. We have seen.They have left. You have finished.I have studied. She has fallen.
¿Qué es el presente perfecto?
The present perfect is formed by combining:
The
helping verb HABER
(“have” or “has”)
+the past participle
Past Participle
All perfect tenses are made up of two parts: the helping verb and the past participle of the main verb:
helping verb past participle helping verb past participle
I have studied. We have seenYou have finished.He has eaten. They have left.She has fallen. You all have helped.
This is how you form the past participle in Spanish:
Drop the –ar and add –ado:
hablar hablado nadar nadadopensar pensado almorzar almorzadollegar llegado estar estado
Drop the –er or –ir and add –ido:
comer comido poder podidoaprender aprendido querer queridoasistir asistido venir venido
There are, of course, irregular past participles in Spanish as there are in English.
call have calledjump have jumpedlook have lookedeat have eated???? have eatenbring have bringed???? have brought
R rotoE escritoV vistoV vuelto
MmuertoA abiertoC cubierto
P puestoH hechoD dichoD devuelto
Not exactly irregular but…
-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído
caer → caído creer → creídoleer → leído oír → oídoreír → reído traer → traído
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.
Para formar en español
• In Spanish we form the present perfect by combining the present tense of the verb haber (the helping verb, or el verbo auxiliar) with a past participle– For example:
• Yo he bailado.I have danced.
• Nosotros no hemos estudiado para el examen.We haven’t studied for the test.
The present tense of haber
he hemos
has habéis
ha han
Para formar…
Here are the present perfect forms of estudiar:
he estudiado hemos estudiado
has estudiado habéis estudiado
ha estudiado han estudiado
Now you try…
he ________ hemos _______
has ________ habéis ________
ha ________ han ________
On your notes, see if you can figure out the present perfect forms for the verb hablar:
he hablado hemos hablado
has hablado habéis hablado
ha hablado han hablado
Is this what you came up with?
Let’s try another…
Now see if you can form the present perfect forms of the verb tomar:
__ ________ ____ _______
___ ________ _____ ________
__ ________ ___ ________
Is this what you got?
he tomado hemos tomado
has tomado habéis tomado
ha tomado han tomado
Let’s try another one…see if you can come up with the present perfect tense of ir:
__ ___ _____ ___
___ ___ ______ ___
__ ___ ___ ______
Is this what you came up with?
he ido hemos ido
has ido habéis ido
ha ido han ido
Many of you may have assumed that ir had an irregular past participle. Afterall, it does have an irregular present participle. But ir is actually regular in this form.
Click Click here to go to a brief practice exercise. to go to a brief practice exercise.
Pluperfect(Past Perfect)
(Pluscuamperfecto)The past perfect (also called the pluperfect and, in Spanish, the pluscuamperfecto), remember, is the past of the past and translates with “had” in English. ALL perfect tenses get a helping verb and a past participle:
present perfect he has eatenpast perfect he had eatenfuture perfect he will have eatenconditional perfect he would have eaten
As you saw, the present perfect tense has a set of helping verbs that come from “haber”:
he hemoshas habéisha han
The same is true of the past perfect. The helping verbs for the past perfect are the imperfect form of “haber”:
había hablado habíamos habladohabías hablado habíais habladohabía hablado habían hablado
Note that the endings on “haber” for the past perfect are the endings for the imperfect tense:
había habíamoshabías habíaishabía habían
The present perfect is the PRESENT tense of “haber” + the past participle.
The past perfect tense is the IMPERFECT (PAST) tense of “haber” + the past participle.
Guess what the future perfect tense is composed of. But that’s another lesson.
Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.