Los Angeles Immigration History, Immigrant Integration ......Integration is an intentional process...

10.24.19

Jody Agius Vallejo Professor of Sociology

Associate Director, Center for the Study of

Immigrant Integration

University of Southern California

Los Angeles Immigration

History, Immigrant Integration,

and Recent Federal

Immigration Changes

@JodyAVallejo [email protected]

Historical Overview


Data/Trends

Policy Changes

Conclusion

Questions

Pueblo de Los Angeles

Earliest-known photo of Los Angeles, circa 1862. The view looks east over the Los Angeles Plaza from atop Fort Moore Hill. Courtesy of the USC Libraries – California Historical Society Collection.


Integration is an intentional process that includes the needs

of immigrants communities and their families into

government policies at the city, regional, and state level. We

see immigrant integration as a dynamic, reciprocal

relationship in which newcomers and the receiving society

both have a responsibility for integration, and both benefit

as they work together to build safe, thriving, and connected

communities.


Economic mobility: the ability to fully

engage in the economy, obtain quality

jobs, start businesses, and thrive

economically.

Warmth of welcome: the extent to which

immigrants are welcomed by the receiving

society.

Civic engagement: the ability to engage

and participate in their communities.

80%76%

69%64%

59%55%

51%47%

12%12%

12%

12%12%

12%13%

13%

6%9%

13%16%

19%22%

24%26%

3%4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 8%

2% 2% 3% 3% 4% 5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Changing DemographicsUnited States, 1980-2050

Other

Native American

Asian/Pacific Islander

Latino

Black

White

Source: CSII analysis of 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data

67%57%

47%40%

35%31% 27% 24%

8%

7%

6%

6%

5%5%

5%5%

19%

26%

32%38%

41%45%

48% 51%

5% 9%11% 13% 14% 15% 16% 16%

3% 3% 3% 3% 3% 4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Changing DemographicsCalifornia, 1980-2050

Other

Native American


Latino

Black

White


53%

41%31% 28% 25% 23% 21% 19%

12%

11%

9%8%

8%7%

7%7%

28%

38%

45%48%

51% 53% 56% 59%

6% 10%12% 14% 14% 15% 15% 14%

3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Changing DemographicsLos Angeles County, CA 1980-2040

Other

Native American


Latino

Black

White


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%1

97

0

19

80

19

90

20

00

20

05

20

06

20

07

20

08

20

09

20

10

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

Percent Immigrant in Los Angeles County, 1970-2016

% immig Los Angeles

% immig USA

After the big boom in immigrant population from 1970 to 2000 (mostly in 1980s and 1990s), percent immigrant has stabilized and indeed fallen

Source: CSII analysis of 1970-2010 Decennial Census Data and 2012-2016 5 year ACS IPUMS Data

Demographics Immigration Status, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

64%9%

10%

17%

U.S.-born

Immigrant: Undocumented

Immigrant: Lawful permanent resident

Immigrant: Naturalized U.S. citizen


One third of Angelinos are immigrants - 80% have been in the country 10 years or longer - 86% are people of color - 1 in 5 Angelinos are undocumented themselves

or live with a family member who is undocumented - 68% of undocumented Angelinos have been in the U.S. more than a decade

Demographics Populations by Ancestry, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

Country Number

Percentage of

Total

Mexico 451,587 42%

El Salvador 82,088 8%

Philippines 62,991 6%

Korea 49,049 5%

Vietnam 39,396 4%

Guatemala 34,829 3%

Iran 30,889 3%

China 29,313 3%

Taiwan 22,577 2%

All Other Countries 275,504 26%

Top Birth Countries for those who Migrated

More than 30 Years Ago

Country Number

Percentage of

Total

Mexico 169,495 25%

China 72,443 11%

Philippines 54,688 8%

El Salvador 47,874 7%

Guatemala 44,926 7%

Korea 32,806 5%

Iran 28,425 4%

India 24,717 4%

Vietnam 14,001 2%

All Other Countries 192,721 28%

Top Birth Countries for those who Migrated Less

than 10 Years Ago


34%

14%

3%13%

19%

11%

2%

2%

44%

56%84%

59% 42%

7%

27%

12%

26%

35%

3%

0%

100%

U.S.-born Immigrant Undocumented Lawful PermanentResident

NaturalizedCitizen

Race/Ethnicity by Nativity, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

White

Black

Latino

API

Native American

Mixed/Other

Demographics Immigration Status by Race/Ethnicity, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016


9%

69%

20%

White

Black

Latino

API

Other

49%

9%

6%

5%

4%

27%

Mexico

El Salvador

Guatemala

Philippines

China

All other

by Race/Ethnicity by Country of Origin

Civic Engagement Eligible-to-Naturalize Adults, Los Angeles, 2012-2016

Source: USC Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration (CSII) analysis of 2016 5-year American Community Survey (ACS) microdata from IPUMS-USA. For detailed description of the methodology used, see: http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Elig_Naturalize_Methodology_Final.pdf.

http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Elig_Naturalize_Methodology_Final.pdf

$65,945

$55,023

$49,132

$40,000 $37,094

U.S.-born Immigrated morethan 30 years ago

Immigrated 21-30years ago

Immigrated 11-20years ago

Immigrated tenyears ago or less

$65,945

$58,732

$41,216

$32,949

U.S.-born Naturalized LPR Undocumented

Economic Mobility Median Household Income, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

By Recency of Arrival By Immigration Status

Note: The dollar values depicted are 2016 dollars.



Economic Mobility Educational Attainment by Status, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

21%

8%

35%

22%

37%

59%21%

20%

21%

20%

23%

21%

20%

25%

14%

17%

12%

8%

7%

8%

6%

8%

5%

2%

31%38%

24%

33%

23%

9%

All U.S.-born Foreign-born Naturalized LPR Undocumented

Less than high school diploma High school diploma Some college Associate's degree Bachelor's degree or higher


Economic Mobility Housing Burden, Los Angeles County, 2012-2016

Percent Rent Burden by Status Percent Homeowner Burden by Status

38%34%

44% 42%

48%

56%

All U.S.-born Immigrant Naturalized LPR Undocumented

59%55%

63%59%

64%71%

All U.S.-born Immigrant Naturalized LPR Undocumented



Current Policy Issues and Concerns

1. DHS Flores Rule

2. DHS Fee Waiver Rule

3. Public Charge

4. Health Insurance Requirement

5. Changes in Entry Policies/Family Reunification

6. Census 2020

7. Supreme Court (DACA Constitutionality)

8. Reduction in the Asylum Ceiling or Quota

9. Detention/Enforcement

10. Proposed HUD Rule Change on Mixed-Status Families

Coming December 2019

Thank you!

Questions?

Contact:

Jody Agius Vallejo

[email protected]

Data Source: State of Immigrants in Los Angeles Report

Data Contributors/Authors: Dalia Gonzalez, Cynthia Moreno, Thai Le, Sarah Balcha, Sabrina Kim and Edward Muna

Los Angeles Immigration History, Immigrant Integration ......Integration is an intentional process...

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