Look at the following patterns.What are the patterns based on?

What do you observe?

• A, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, J, Q, K

• 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81

• 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24

• The first pattern established in the periodic table was found in whether an element was a metal, non-metal or a metalloid.

Metals

• Most elements are metals• They are found on the left side of the periodic

table• All but 1 of these metals are solids at room

temperature• Most metals are malleable, shiny, ductile and

good conductors of heat and electricity.

Non-Metals

• Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table (except Hydrogen)

• Many of the non-metals are gases at room temperature

• Most non-metals are NOT malleable, NOT shiny, NOT ductile and NOT good conductors of heat and electricity

Metalloids

• Located along a zig-zag line between the metals and non-metals

• Also known as semi-conductors• Possess some of the properties of both metals

and non-metals• Usually hard and brittle

Bellringer

1. Metals

2. Non-metals

3. Metalloids

a. Along the zig-zag line

b. To the left of the zig-zag line

c. To the right of the zig-zag line

14.1 Physical properties

• Characteristics that you can see through direct observation are called physical properties.

• Physical properties include color, texture, density, brittleness, and state (solid, liquid, or gas).

• Melting point, boiling point, and specific heat are also physical properties.

14.1 Chemical properties• Properties that can only be

observed when one substance changes into a different substance are called chemical properties.

• Any change that transforms one substance into a different substance is called a chemical change.

14.1 The Periodic Table

• The periodic table organizes the elements according to their chemical properties and their physical properties.

• The periodic table is organized in order of increasing atomic number.

14.1 The Periodic Table

• The periodic table is further divided into periods and groups.

• Each horizontal row is called a period.

• Each vertical column is called a group.

Rows/Periods

• In the periodic table, the row are referred to as periods.

• There are 7 periods in the current periodic table.

• Each period represents the outermost shell of electrons used by the atoms in that row.

Columns/Groups

• In the periodic table, the columns/groups are also referred to as “families” since the elements in them all have a lot of properties that are “related”.

• There are 18 groups.

“Families” of the Periodic Table

13-16

Groups 1 & 2

• VERY reactive metals• In nature, they can only be found in

combination with other elements

Group 1 – Alkali Metals

Physical Properties• Very low densities (most

can float)• Soft enough to be cut with

a knife

Chemical Properties

• React violently with water

• React with halogen family to form salts

• Outer shell only contains 1 electron.

Group 2 – Alkaline-Earth Metals

Physical Properties

• Silver colored metals• More dense and

harder than the Alkali Metals

Chemical Properties

• Highly reactive (but not quite as reactive as alkali metals)

• Outer shell only contains 2 electrons

Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

• Physical Properties– Shiny– Good Conductors– High Melting Points– High Densities– Very malleable & ductile– Hard, strong & tough

• Used For– Coins– Electric & Heat

applications– Structural materials

(building & making things)

Groups 3-12 Transition Metals

• Chemical Properties– Not very reactive– Some will react with oxygen to form rust (or

something similar)– Transition metals frequently react with each other

to form alloys.• Zinc + Copper = Brass• Copper + Tin + Aluminum = Bronze• Gold + Nickel + Palladium = White Gold• Iron + Chromium + Nickel = Steel

Groups 13-16

• All of these groups contain a combination of metals, non metals and metalloids.

• All are named after the element at the top of the group.

• Metalloids are contained within these groups

Groups 17 & 18 Nonmetals

Group 17 - Halogens

Physical Properties• Exist in all 3 phases of

matter at room temperature.

Chemical Properties• VERY reactive non metals• Never found independently

in nature…always combined• React violently with alkali

metals to form salts• Outer shell contains 7

electrons

Group 18 – Noble Gases

Physical Properties

• Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

Chemical Properties

• Very stable• Do not react with

other elements• Outer electron

shell is full

Hydrogen

• Placed in Group 1 due to its lone electron in the outer shell, but does not share any characteristics of the alkali metals

• Colorless, odorless gas at room temp• Reacts violently with oxygen• Most abundant element on earth• More info…

Bellringer

• Write a paragraph about the periodic table. It must include at least 10 words from your vocabulary list. Underline the words.