Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

12
Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon

  • date post

    20-Dec-2015

  • Category

    Documents

  • view

    216

  • download

    0

TAGS:

Transcript of Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Page 1: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules

containing carbon

Page 2: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

What’s so snazzy about carbon?

A Horta is a hypothetical silicon-based life form instead of a carbon-based life

Page 3: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

What do carbon and silicon have in common?

Page 4: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Carbon has 4 valence electrons:

H H C C

H

H

Hydrocarbons = molecules of carbon and hydrogen

Carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds (C-H bonds) are nonpolar, and contain large amounts of energy

Page 5: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Organic Molecules contain at least one C-C bond

Page 6: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Isomer = molecules with the same number and type of atoms, but different arrangements

Page 7: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Figure 4.7 The pharmacological importance of enantiomers

Page 8: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Table 4.1 Functional Groups of Organic Compounds

Functional Groups = Specific groups of atoms that make up part of a larger molecule and have particular chemical properties (shape, polarity, reactivity, solubility)

Page 9: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Biological Macromolecules• Most of the large organic molecules that living organisms

are built from are made of smaller molecules joined together

• Polymers = molecules built by linking together a large number of small chemical subunits. The single subunits are called monomers. The monomers may be all identical or vary.

Cellulose:

Page 10: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Monomers are joined together by a condensation/dehydration reaction

Requires energy

Page 11: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Polymers are taken apart by a hydrolysis reaction

Releases energy

Page 12: Living organisms on Earth are made of primarily water and molecules containing carbon.

Four Major Types of Biological Macromolecules

Type of PolymerMonomers making up Polymer

Example

Carbohydrates (Polysaccharides)

MonosaccharidesSugars, Starch, Cellulose

LipidsFatty acids and glycerol

Fats, steroids, cholesterol

Proteins Amino acidsEnzymes, structural components

Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA, RNA


From Molecules to Organisms: Life and the Laws of Energy ...rhslifescience.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/3/9/21399230/... · From Molecules to Organisms: Structure & Processes LIFE SCIENCE

From Molecules to Organisms: Life and the Laws of Energy ...rhslifescience.weebly.com/uploads/2/1/3/9/21399230/... · From Molecules to Organisms: Structure & Processes LIFE SCIENCE

From the molecules of life, to the simpler organisms Paula B. Matheus Carnevali Part II.

From the molecules of life, to the simpler organisms Paula B. Matheus Carnevali Part II.

Learning Highlight - Photosynthesis Organisms change inorganic molecules into organic molecules (known as photosynthate)

Learning Highlight - Photosynthesis Organisms change inorganic molecules into organic molecules (known as photosynthate)

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes ... and used to describe how their function ... cells

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes ... and used to describe how their function ... cells

Levels of Organization Quarter 2 : Molecules to Organisms .

Levels of Organization Quarter 2 : Molecules to Organisms .

2.1Biological molecules Notes & Questions Molecules • All organisms are made of thousands of different molecules. • In order to survive an organism must be able to take in or make

2.1Biological molecules Notes & Questions Molecules • All organisms are made of thousands of different molecules. • In order to survive an organism must be able to take in or make

Introduction to important molecules which comprise the structure and function of all living organisms.

Introduction to important molecules which comprise the structure and function of all living organisms.

Carbohydrates are energy- rich molecules which organisms use to carry out daily activities.

Carbohydrates are energy- rich molecules which organisms use to carry out daily activities.

Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms · Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms We have mentioned that all organisms, ... determine the molecule's

Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms · Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms We have mentioned that all organisms, ... determine the molecule's

Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms

Biological Molecules - 1 Molecules of Living Organisms

Biologically Important Molecules. There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are: Carbohydrate.

Biologically Important Molecules. There are four biologically important groups of molecules found in living organisms. They are: Carbohydrate.

Sequences are related Darwin: all organisms are related through descent with modification Related molecules have similar functions in different organisms.

Sequences are related Darwin: all organisms are related through descent with modification Related molecules have similar functions in different organisms.

3-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

3-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes

Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

Cycles of Matter What Molecules do Organisms Need? How do Organisms Get Those Molecules?

2 The chemistry of organisms. Another definition: the molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. Inorganic moleculesOrganic molecules Usually.

2 The chemistry of organisms. Another definition: the molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms. Inorganic moleculesOrganic molecules Usually.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3. 2 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon.

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life Chapter 3. 2 Biological Molecules Biological molecules consist primarily of -carbon bonded to carbon, or -carbon.

The Need for Fungi Ecologically important decomposers Break down complex organic molecules into simple molecules that can be used by other organisms.

The Need for Fungi Ecologically important decomposers Break down complex organic molecules into simple molecules that can be used by other organisms.

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes · 2017-11-15 · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Students who demonstrate understanding

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes · 2017-11-15 · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Students who demonstrate understanding

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS Evidence... · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes ... and used to describe how their

MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes LS Evidence... · MS-LS1-1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes ... and used to describe how their

Organic Chem: Biochemistry. Biochemistry Study of chem of living organisms Most: large, complex molecules complex molecules: biopolymers smaller, simpler.

Organic Chem: Biochemistry. Biochemistry Study of chem of living organisms Most: large, complex molecules complex molecules: biopolymers smaller, simpler.