Livestock and water interactions in mixed crop-livestock farming
Livestock
40
Livestock Livestock are domesticated animals raised in agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, &labor. 1
description
Livestock. Livestock are domesticated animals raised in agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food , fiber, & labor . . Impact of livestock sector on Pakistan economy. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Livestock
Livestock
Livestock are domesticated animals raised in agricultural setting to produce commodities such as
food, fiber, &labor.
1
Impact of livestock sector on Pakistan economy
Agriculture sector contributes 23% to 25% of GDP of Pakistan of which 47% to 50% is shared by Livestock. It means livestock directly contributes ~13% of GDP.
Pakistan has tremendous potential in the field of dairy farming, dairy products, poultry, fisheries, food processing and drug development/testing etc.
Livestock sector employs 35 million people and produces almost $ 500 million products.
2
3
Global farming system
4
5
6
Veterinary Medicine
Veterinary medicine is the branch of science that deals with the application of medical, surgical, public health, dental, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to non-human animals, including wildlife and domesticated animals (livestock, working animals and companion animals).
Veterinary science helps human health through the monitoring and control of zoonotic disease (infectious disease transmitted from non-human animals to humans) and veterinary scientists often collaborate with virologists, epidemiologists and biotechnologists etc.
7
No. Name of Veterinary University/College Province PVMC
1 University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) Punjab Recognized
2 Vet School at University of Agriculture Faisalabad Punjab Recognized
3 College of Veterinary Sciences Jhang Punjab -
4 Vet School at PMAS Arid Agriculture University Punjab -
5 Vet School at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan Punjab -
6 Vet School at KPK Agricultural University Peshawar KPK Provisionally
7 Vet School at Gomal University KPK Provisionally
8 Sindh Agricultural University of Tandojam Sindh Provisionally
9 Baqai Veterinary College, Karachi Sindh -
10 Lasbella University of Agriculture & Marine Sciences Balochistan -
Existing Veterinary Universities /Colleges in Pakistan
8
9
Black gold of Pakistan
Nili Ravi Kundi
10
11
Cattle
Red Sindhi Sahiwal
12
Dhanni Bhagnari
Cattle
13
Rojhan Lohani
Cattle
14
Tharparker Cholistani
Cattle
15
Kankerj Dajjal
Cattle
16
The Poultry Industry
One of the fastest growing segments of the animal
industry
17
Modern Breed of chickens
18
Single Comb White leghorn
Modern Breed of chickens
19
Single Rhode Island Red
Modern Breed of chickens
20
New Hampshire
Modern Breed of chickens
21
White Plymouth Rock
Modern Breed of chickens
22
Cornish
Modern Breed of chickens
23
Barred Plymouth Rock
Modern Breed of chickens
24
Light Sussex
Modern Breed of chickens
25
White leg horn
Poultry
Broiler Layer
26
Desi Breed Desi Breed
Poultry
27
Chicken Anatomy
28
29
30
31
32
Chicken Digestive system
33
Chicken Respiratory system
34
Chicken Respiratory system
35
The Broiler Industry
• Today, almost all of the poultry is raised in large operations• The term broiler refers to chickens which are about 7-8 weeks
of age and are raised for meat.• Generally lighted 24 hours a day• Helps cut down on cannibalism • Process begins with the production of eggs that will be hatched
into chicks.• Parents are selected from breeds that are large and muscular• Most are hybrids derived from mating of different breeds• usually mated through artificial insemination results in hybrid
vigor
36
Egg Production
• Eggs are expelled from the hens body and the embryo develops outside the mother’s body.
• Eggs are encased in a hard shell and can weigh several ounces• Process begins with the release of the ovum (yolk) from the
ovary• If the female has been mated, the ovum will be fertilized within
the infundibulum.• The albumin or white of the egg is secreted by cells in the
magnum.• Chalazae is formed, It is a ropelike substance which holds the
yolk in place in the center of the egg.
37
Egg Production
• Inner and outer shell membranes are formed in the isthmus• The shell is formed in the uterus• In 18-20 hours the shell is completed and moves to the vagina
and out of the hens body.• Some facilities collect eggs with the use of a conveyor belt• The egg rolls out of the nest box and onto the belt• Eggs must be kept clean and free from contamination
38
Egg hatching
• Eggs are stored at 70-80 degrees until being placed in the hatchery
• within 48 hours after incubation begins the embryo has developed a circulatory system
• Circulatory system sustains life by carrying nourishment from the yolk to the embryo
• Eggs are turned at least two times per day• Turning eggs keeps the embryo from sticking to the inside of
the shell• By the end of the first week, embryos are recognizable as
chickens
39
STRESSORS
Cold
Humidity
BacteriaViruses
Protozoa
Loud Noises
BeakTrimming
Parasites
PoorVentilation
Mold &Mycotoxins
NH3/H2S
HeatDust
Vaccination
RoughHandling
PoorSanitation
Molting
Weighing
PeckingOrder
FeedRestriction
NutritionalDeficiencies
Poor LitterQuality
Dirty Water
Crowding
40
