Liquids and Solids Chapter - srvhs.org
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Name _ Liquids and Solids Class Date Chapter 13 Test 4 6 7 2 9 8 3 5 1 ___ 14 ___ 15 ___ 10 ___ 11 ___ 12 ___ 13 DIRECTIONS: Write on the line at the right of each statement the letter preceding the word or expression that best completes the statement. 1. Compared to the particles in a gas, the particles in a liquid are (a) closer together; (b) more mobile; (c) higher in energy; (d) more massive. 2. Liquids diffuse more slowly than gases because (a) liquids cannot be compressed; (b) the attractive forces between particles impede their movement; (c) the particles in a liquid are not mobile; (d) liquids are always at lower temperatures than gases. 3. Particles within a solid (a) do not move; (b) vibrate weakly about fixed positions; (c) vibrate energetically; (d) exchange positions easily. 4. Compared to the particles in a liquid, the particles in a solid usually are (a) higher in energy; (b) closer together; (c) more massive; (d) fluid. 5. Solids have a definite volume because (a) the particles do not have a tendency to change positions; (b) the particles are widely separated; (c) they can be easily compressed; (d) the energy of the particles is high. 6. When heated, a pure crystalline solid will (a) gradually soften before it melts; (b) melt over a wide temperature range; (c) exhibit a sharply defined melting temperature; (d) melt at a temperature slightly above its freezing temperature. 7. A system is in equilibrium when (a) no physical or chemical changes are occurring; (b) the physical changes counteract the chemical changes; (c) opposing physical or chemical changes occur at equal rates; (d) only physical changes are occurring. 8. Particles in a vapor that give off heat energy to their surroundings (a) undergo condensation; (b) have an increase in kinetic energy; (c) are in equilibrium with the atmosphere; (d) are evaporating. 9. A liquid-vapor system in equilibrium is kept at constant temperature while the volume of the system is doubled. When equilibrium is restored, (a) the concentration of vapor molecules has increased; (b) the vapor pressure is the same as the original vapor pressure; (c) the volume of the liquid has increased; (d) the number of liquid molecules has increased. 10. When heat is applied to a liquid-vapor system at equilibrium, a new equilibrium state will have (a) a higher percentage of liquid; (b) a higher percentage of vapor; (c) equal amounts of liquid and vapor; (d) all liquid. 11. At a given temperature, different liquids will have different equilibrium vapor pressures because (a) the energy of the particles is the same for different liquids; (b) diffusion rates differ for the liquids; (c) the attractive forces between the particles differ in the liquids; (d) they cannot all be in equilibrium at once. 12. At pressures greater than 760 mm Hg, water will boil at (a) a higher temperature than 100°C; (b) a lower temperature than 100 °C; (c) 100°C; (d) 4°C. 13. Above the critical temperature, a substance (a) does not have a vapor pressure; (b) sublimes; (c) cannot exist in the liquid state; (d) is explosive. 14. Hybridization of the electrons forming the two oxygen-hydrogen bonds with the two pairs of unshared oxygen electrons gives the water molecule a shape which is (a) linear with a bond angle of 180°; (b) bent with a bond angle of 105°; (c) tetrahedral with a bond angle of 109.5°; (d) bent with a bond angle of 90°. 15. The density of ice at O°C is about (a) 0.1 g/cm3; (b) 0.2 g/cm3; (c) 0.5 g/cm3; (d) 0.9 g/cm3. Liquids and Solids HRWmaterial copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work. Chapter 13 61
Transcript of Liquids and Solids Chapter - srvhs.org
Name _
Liquids and Solids
Class Date
Chapter 13Test
4
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2
9
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DIRECTIONS: Write on the line at the right of each statement the letter preceding the word or expression that best
completes the statement.
1. Compared to the particles in a gas, the particles in a liquid are (a) closer together;(b) more mobile; (c) higher in energy; (d) more massive.
2. Liquids diffuse more slowly than gases because (a) liquids cannot be compressed;
(b) the attractive forces between particles impede their movement; (c) the particles in a liquidare not mobile; (d) liquids are always at lower temperatures than gases.
3. Particles within a solid (a) do not move; (b) vibrate weakly about fixed positions; (c) vibrate
energetically; (d) exchange positions easily.
4. Compared to the particles in a liquid, the particles in a solid usually are (a) higher in energy;(b) closer together; (c) more massive; (d) fluid.
5. Solids have a definite volume because (a) the particles do not have a tendency to change
positions; (b) the particles are widely separated; (c) they can be easily compressed;(d) the energy of the particles is high.
6. When heated, a pure crystalline solid will (a) gradually soften before it melts; (b) melt over awide temperature range; (c) exhibit a sharply defined melting temperature; (d) melt at atemperature slightly above its freezing temperature.
7. A system is in equilibrium when (a) no physical or chemical changes are occurring; (b) thephysical changes counteract the chemical changes; (c) opposing physical or chemical changesoccur at equal rates; (d) only physical changes are occurring.
8. Particles in a vapor that give off heat energy to their surroundings (a) undergo condensation;(b) have an increase in kinetic energy; (c) are in equilibrium with the atmosphere;(d) are evaporating.
9. A liquid-vapor system in equilibrium is kept at constant temperature while the volume of thesystem is doubled. When equilibrium is restored, (a) the concentration of vapor molecules hasincreased; (b) the vapor pressure is the same as the original vapor pressure; (c) the volume ofthe liquid has increased; (d) the number of liquid molecules has increased.
10. When heat is applied to a liquid-vapor system at equilibrium, a new equilibrium state will have(a) a higher percentage of liquid; (b) a higher percentage of vapor; (c) equal amounts of liquidand vapor; (d) all liquid.
11. At a given temperature, different liquids will have different equilibrium vapor pressuresbecause (a) the energy of the particles is the same for different liquids; (b) diffusion rates differfor the liquids; (c) the attractive forces between the particles differ in the liquids;(d) they cannot all be in equilibrium at once.
12. At pressures greater than 760 mm Hg, water will boil at (a) a higher temperature than100°C; (b) a lower temperature than 100 °C; (c) 100°C; (d) 4°C.
13. Above the critical temperature, a substance (a) does not have a vapor pressure; (b) sublimes;(c) cannot exist in the liquid state; (d) is explosive.
14. Hybridization of the electrons forming the two oxygen-hydrogen bonds with the two pairs ofunshared oxygen electrons gives the water molecule a shape which is (a) linear with a bondangle of 180°; (b) bent with a bond angle of 105°; (c) tetrahedral with a bond angle of 109.5°;(d) bent with a bond angle of 90°.
15. The density of ice at O°C is about (a) 0.1 g/cm3; (b) 0.2 g/cm3; (c) 0.5 g/cm3; (d) 0.9 g/cm3.
Liquids and SolidsHRWmaterial copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
Chapter 13 61
DIRECTIONS: Questions 16-20 refer to the following phase diagram.
II
---------~---------IIIII
Uqpid
218.3
0.008
0.00013 I0.00 0.01 100
Temperature ("C)
Water Phase Diagram
Critical
Point
374.1
16. The temperature at which water can exist asa solid, liquid, and vapor in equilibrium is(a) O°C; (b) 0.01 °C; (c) 100°C; (d) 374.1 °C.
17. At a pressure of 1 atmosphere, water freezesat (a) 100°C; (b) 32°C; (c) O°C; (d) 212°C.
18. Above what temperature is it impossible forwater to exist as a liquid? (a) O°C (b) 100°C(c) 212 °c (d) 374.1 °c
19. As temperature increases at a constant pressure, the relative proportion of water existingas a vapor (a) remains constant; (b) increases;(c) decreases; (d) cannot be determined.
20. The critical pressure is the (a) pressure atwhich all substances are solids; (b) pressureat which the attractive forces in matter break
down; (c) highest pressure under which asolid can exist; (d) lowest pressure underwhich a substance can exist as a liquid atthe critical temperature.
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DIRECTIONS: Write either true (T) or false (F) on the line to the right of each statement, indicating whether thestatement is true or false.
21. The entropy of a liquid is generally less than the entropy of a gas.
22. Among the three phases of matter, the forces holding the particles together are strongest in a solid.
23. The type of crystal in which the valence electrons belong to the crystal as a whole is the ioniccrystal.
24. In a closed system, the concentration of a vapor will decrease if the rate of condensationexceeds the rate of evaporation.
25. As the temperature of a liquid increases, its equilibrium vapor pressure decreases.
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DIRECTIONS: Complete each of the following statements, forming accurate sentences.
26. A substance that can flow and therefore conforms to the outline of its container is called a . 26
27. The force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, making the surface less penetrable
by solids, is called . 27
28. The process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid and enter the gaseous state is
called . 28
29. The type of solid in which the particles are arranged randomly, rather than in a geometric, repeating pattern
is a(n) .29
30. The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid is called the substance's . 30
31. The total three-dimensional array of points that describes that arrangement of the particles of a crystal is
called a(n) .31
32. A dynamic condition in which two opposing physical or chemical changes occur at equal rates in the same
closed system is called . 32
33. The process by which a gas changes to a liquid is called . 33
34. The pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at a given temperature is called
the . 34
62 Chapter 13 Liquids and SolidsHRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work.
