Liquids & Solids

Dr. Ron Rusay

Fall 2001

States of Matter

Changes of State

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Energy of Phase Changes

Heating Curve for H2O

Vapor Pressure vs. Temperature

Vapor Pressures of Liquids

Periodicity: Boiling Point

Boiling Point: Temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure. Higher vapor pressure : Lower boiling point.

Boiling Points of Simple Hydrogen Compounds

What can explain the trends?

Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonds in H2O

Besides oxygen, both nitrogen and fluorine form intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Other atoms DO NOT.

Views of Water

104.5o Angle Dipole Moment

Surface Forces of a Liquid

Dissolution of NaCl in Water

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Intermolecular Forces

Ionic & Polar Interactions: + and - ; + ---- -

Ion-Dipole Forces

Dipole-Dipole Forces

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Close Packing

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Close Packed Spheres

Three Types of Crystalline Solids

Ionic Molecular Metallic

Diamond and Graphite

Cross Section of a Metal

Crystal Lattice

Cubic Lattices

Space-Filling Cubic Cells

Crystal Lattice of NaCl

Unit Cell of NaCl

Unit Cells

X-Ray Crystallography

Table 11.6

Mass: Polarity: Boiling Point

Why doesn’t the boiling point increase regularly with mass?

London Dispersion Forces

Pentane Isomers

Flowchart for Types of Forces

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

Kinetic Energy Distribution

Phase Diagram

Phase Diagram of H2O, CO2

Exercise

Desrcibe the points on the diagram.

Exercise 11.15

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Exercise 11.16

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Exercise 11.57

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Exercise 11.58

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Exercise 11.79

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