LINX accredited trainingAnother 10 years

Stephen GroombridgeSystems & Network Training

The training programme

2001 2008 2018

“A lot of the Internet today looks much the same as the Internet of a decade ago.”Another 10 Years LaterJune 2018Geoff Hustonhttp://www.potaroo.net/ispcol/2018-06/10years.html

LINX 1 TCP/IP TCP/IPIPv4 some IPv6 IPv4 some/bit more IPv6

LINX 2 Static routes, OSPF, Static routes, OSPF, ISIS, VRRP ISIS, VRRP

LINX 3 BGP BGP

LINX week 1

RFC 791RFC 793RFC 768

2000 2008 20182001 2008 2018

Not covered: QUIC, MPTCP…

ipconfigpingtracertarp -anslookupnetstat –rnmap

ipconfigpingtracertarp -anslookupnetstat –rnmap

LINX week 2

2000 2008 20182001 2008 2018

RFC 5798 VRRPRFC 2328 OSPFv2RFC 5340 OSPFv3RFC 7142 IS-IS

[ISO10589-Second-Edition]

Routing Protocols

Not covered: BABEL, LISP

LINX week 3

2000 2008 20182001 2008 2018

4271 A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4). Y. Rekhter, Ed., T. Li, Ed., S.Hares, Ed.. January 2006. (Format: TXT=222702 bytes) (ObsoletesRFC1771) (Updated by RFC6286, RFC6608, RFC6793, RFC7606, RFC7607,RFC7705, RFC8212) (Status: DRAFT STANDARD) (DOI: 10.17487/RFC4271)

BGP

LINX week 1: Example of changes2000 2008 20182001 2008 2018

IP and networking foundationChapter 12/22 What is TCP/IP?

TCP/IP foundationChapter 2/22 What is TCP/IP?

Cable

Application

Presentation

Session

TCP

IP

Network card

Cable

Application

Presentation

Session

TCP

IP

Network card

Recent changes (2018)Ideas anyone?

2001 2008 2018

LINX 1 SNMP chapter SNMP: 2 slidesTCP/IP Added GNS3, VLANs

LINX 2 VLANS Added Peering, BGP, MPLS Routing

LINX 3 MPLS Route server hands onBGP BGP security

More IPv6MPLS L3 VPNNetwork automation?

Answers on a postcard to: info@snt.co.uk

The exams

Multiple choice butMarked by qualified staffWritten comments are consideredIncludes scenario based questions

Two main types of questionCircle the best answerCircle all that apply (more than one out of up to 12)

LAIT 1: 40 questions 90 minutesLAIT 2 and 3: 60 questions 120 minutes

Example LINX 1 questionCircle the best answer.The following is an example of:

Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.80 26610.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 10.0.0.80 26610.0.0.80 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.0.0.80 266

10.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 10.0.0.80 266127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306

127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306192.168.56.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.56.1 266192.168.56.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.56.1 266

A a routing table

B a bridge table

C a MAC table

D an ARP table

OLD LAIT 1 example question 2Circle all that apply. Which of the following are true with regard to routers?

A Routers are considered to be layer 3 devices. G Routers cannot be configured by telnet as routers are not layer 7 devices.

B Routers modify the layer 2 addresses of H Routers sometimes act as a web serverforwarded packets. to allow easier configuration.

C Routers are sometimes called gateways. I Routers modify the TTL field in IP headers.

D Routers have a lower latency than hubs. J The most popular routing protocol is IGRP.

E Routing tables contain all possible routes K Routers connected to the Internet willto a destination. always use static routes

F Routers are normally self configuring.

LAIT 2 example questionCircle the best answer. What would be the best aggregation of the following addressesOver summarisation is NOT to be used. 192.168.192.0/24192.168.193.0/24192.168.194.0/24192.168.195.0/24

A These addresses cannot be aggregated as they already have a mask.

B 192.168.192.0/30

C 192.168.192.0/23 and 192.168.194.0/23

D 192.168.192.0/21

E 192.168.192.0/20

Example LINX 3 questionCircle all that apply. Which of the following are true with regard to BGP

A BGP uses TCP for transmission of BGP packets.

B BGP uses type 5 packets as acknowledgements.

C BGP is a link state protocol.

D BGP uses hello packets every 10 seconds.

E BGP sends full routing tables every 30 minutes if there is no change in network topology.

F BGP by default picks the fastest (based on bandwidth) route to a destination as best route.

G BGP has a number of metrics it can use to determine the best path to a destination.

H IBGP should be used by ISPs to carry internal infrastructure addresses

I BGP should not be used with less than full routing tables.

Example LINX 3 question

AS1

AS4

AS2

Weight: 200MED: 300

Weight: 100MED: 400

AS3

AS5172.16.0.0/8

R1

R3

R2IBGP

Circle the best answer. R1 will route to 172.16.0.0/8 via

A R2 as it has the lowest weight

B R3 as it has the highest weight

C R2 as it has the highest MED

D R3 as it has the lowest MED

E None of the above

Summary

Thank you