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CommunicationLinguistics for Language Learners

Components of Communication

Other media : sign language for

the deaf, flag signals, light

signals, the Braille alphabets forthe blind, etc.

Good media should be systematic

and rapidly transmittable.

Sender ReceiverMessage

Medium

Speech Writing

Process of Communication

(which uses speech as a medium)

Enconding the messages

Transmitting the messages Articulating the messages

Receiving the sound waves

Decoding the messages

Linguists are most interested

in stage three, articulatory process.

The branch of linguistics which

studies the articulatory process is

called articulatory phonetics.

Branches ofLinguistics

Linguistics for Language Learners

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Linguistics may be defined as the

scientific study of language.

The linguist tries to verify the

theory of language structure by

making observations of data and

modifies the theory in view of

patterns underlying the data

Language can be studied from

different points of view, so the fieldof linguistics can be divided into

several branch.

General Linguistics

provides the concepts in

terms of which particular languages

are to be explored

Descriptive Linguisticssupplies tha data that confirm

or deny the theories or propositions

offered in general linguistics

the general linguist might formulate

the hypothesis that all languages have nouns

and verbs. The descriptive linguist might

deny this evidence that there is at least onelanguage in the description of which the

distinction between nouns and verbs cannot

be established.

Historical Linguistics

Historical linguistics was developed in

an attempt to create a systematic reconstruction

of language to explain the genetic relationship

between languages. The linguists are concerned

with tracing the historical development.

A diachronic statement of the language

describes the historical development of

the language and the changes that have

taken place in its over a period of time.

Structural linguistics

was introduced by Ferdinand de

Saussure in his lectures at the University of

Geneva between 1907.

A synchronic statement of a language gives adescription of the language as it is at some

particular point in time.

There are sounds, which consist of certain

features or qualities. These sounds are selected

and organized into significant groups of

sounds called phonemes

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The study can be recognized in the

following outline.

- Phonology

- Phonetics

- Phonemics

- Grammar

- Morphology

- Syntax

- Semantics

heoretical Linguistics

a theory of language structure

and functions and with no regard to any

practical application that the

investigation of the languages mighthave.

!pplied Linguistics

places the emphasis on the

application of the concepts and findings

of linguistics places to a variety of

practical tasks, including teaching

English as a foreign language andcomputational linguistics.

"icrolinguistics

is concerned solely with the

structure of language systems, consideredin itself and for itself, regardless of

anything else.

"acrolinguistics

is concerned with everything

that has any reference to language han# $ou