LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011

8/7/2019 LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011

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Manner of ArticulationManner of Articulation

Tells how sound is producedTells how sound is produced

Tells the way in which the breathTells the way in which the breathstream is releasedstream is released


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Classification of speech soundClassification of speech sound

Point of ArticulationPoint of Articulation



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ClosureClosure

Production of all consonant soundsProduction of all consonant soundsrequires varying degrees ofrequires varying degrees of ClosureClosure ininthe oral cavitythe oral cavity

The point ofThe point of maximum closuremaximum closure is calledis calledthe point of articulationthe point of articulation


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The way of modifying the release of theThe way of modifying the release of thebreathstreambreathstream

The way in which the breath stream isThe way in which the breath stream ismodified during articulationmodified during articulation


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Subdivision of consonantsS

ubdivision of consonants

Consonants are subdivided intoConsonants are subdivided into

large classes on the basis of thelarge classes on the basis of thetype of release of the breathtype of release of the breath

stream or the manner ofstream or the manner ofarticulationarticulation


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Voiced or voiceless soundsVoiced or voiceless sounds

Voiceless sounds areVoiceless sounds areproduced by notproduced by not

vibrating the vocalvibrating the vocalbandsbands

/p/ /t/ and /k/ are/p/ /t/ and /k/ arevoiceless sounds orvoiceless sounds or

phonemesphonemes

Voiced soundsVoiced soundsrequire the vocalrequire the vocal

bands vibratingbands vibrating /b/ /d/ and /g//b/ /d/ and /g/

are voiced sounds orare voiced sounds orphonemesphonemes


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StopsS

tops

Speech sounds articulated bySpeech sounds articulated by

stoppingstopping oror interruptinginterruptingthethebreath streambreath stream


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Continuants

Continuants

Speech sounds which are notSpeech sounds which are not

stopped in the oral cavitystopped in the oral cavity


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Production ofStopProduction ofStop

When a stop is produced,When a stop is produced, completecompleteclosureclosure occurs somewhere in the vocaloccurs somewhere in the vocaltract or oral cavitytract or oral cavity

PressurePressure builds up behind the closurebuilds up behind the closure

When released a slight explosion ofWhen released a slight explosion of

sound occurssound occurs

Sometimes stops are calledSometimes stops are called PlosivesPlosives


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StopS

top

A speech sound produced byA speech sound produced by

stopping or interrupting thestopping or interrupting theescape of the breath streamescape of the breath stream


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BiBi--Labial StopsLabial Stops

The initial sounds ofThe initial sounds ofputputandand butbut

are biare bi--labial stopslabial stops


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Same manner of articulation butSame manner of articulation but

not same point of articulationnot same point of articulation Bilabial stopBilabial stop

ApicoApico--alveolar stopalveolar stop

DorsoDorso--velar stopvelar stop

PutPut

ToTo

KitKit


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StopS

top

The escape of the breath stream isThe escape of the breath stream is

completely stopped behind acompletely stopped behind aclosure in the oral cavityclosure in the oral cavity--thenthenabruptly releasedabruptly released


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ContinuantContinuant

ach sound which is not a stop is calledEach sound which is not a stop is calledaa continuantcontinuant

While stops requireWhile stops require complete closurecomplete closurecontinuants do notcontinuants do not

Continuants are produced withContinuants are produced with

varying degrees of closure in the oralvarying degrees of closure in the oralcavitycavity


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FricativeF

ricative

A consonant produced by forcingA consonant produced by forcing

the breath through a verythe breath through a verynarrow passagenarrow passage


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Production of fricativeProduction of fricative

Results from forcing the breath streamResults from forcing the breath streamthrough a narrow passagethrough a narrow passage

Can be characterized by audibleCan be characterized by audiblefrictionfriction

There isThere is notnotcomplete closure in thecomplete closure in thevocal tractvocal tract


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The initial sound ofThe initial sound offorforis ais a

labiolabio--dental fricativedental fricative


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SinSin andand TinTin samesamepointpointofofarticulationarticulation but differentbut differentmannersmanners of articulationof articulation ApicoApico--alveolaralveolar

fricativefricative

ApicoApico--alveolar stopalveolar stop

SinSin

TinTin


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Fricatives have two classesFricatives have two classes

Slit fricatives force the airstreamSlit fricatives force the airstreamthrough an opening large horizontallythrough an opening large horizontally

and small verticallyand small vertically

/f/ /v/f/ /v// are slit fricativesare slit fricatives

Groove fricatives (sibilants) force the airGroove fricatives (sibilants) force the air

stream through a passage which is largestream through a passage which is largevertically and small horizontallyvertically and small horizontally

/s/ /z/ //s/ /z/ // // /// are groove fricativesare groove fricatives


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AffricateAffricate

Combines the characteristics of aCombines the characteristics of a

stop plus a fricative in itsstop plus a fricative in itsproductionproduction


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An affricate combines a stop andAn affricate combines a stop and

a fricativea fricative ////

////

[[t andt and ]]

[d and[d and ]]


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ResonantsResonants

The quality depends upon theThe quality depends upon theproperties of the resonance chambersproperties of the resonance chambers

Resonants are produced withoutResonants are produced withoutaudible friction or explosionaudible friction or explosion

They are made by altering the size andThey are made by altering the size and

shape of the resonance chambershape of the resonance chamberThe breath stream has free passageThe breath stream has free passage

through the vocal tractthrough the vocal tract


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Three classes ofResonantsThree classes ofResonants

NasalsNasals

LateralLateral

MedianMedian


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NasalsNasals

Produced by releasing the breathProduced by releasing the breathstream through the nasal cavitystream through the nasal cavity

/m/ /n/ and // are nasal/m/ /n/ and // are nasal resonantsresonants


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Lateral ResonantLateral Resonant

This sound is produced by allowing theThis sound is produced by allowing thebreath stream to escape along the sidesbreath stream to escape along the sides

of the oral cavity.of the oral cavity.

In the production ofIn the production of /l/ the apex of the/l/ the apex of thetongue touches the alveolar ridge but thetongue touches the alveolar ridge but the

breath stream escapesbreath stream escapes laterallylaterally along thealong thesides of the tonguesides of the tongue


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Median ResonantMedian Resonant

This sound is produced by the breathThis sound is produced by the breathstream flowing down the middle of thestream flowing down the middle of the

oral cavityoral cavity

In the production of /r/ the tip of theIn the production of /r/ the tip of thetongue is raised,pointing back in thetongue is raised,pointing back in the

oral cavityoral cavityBecause the tongue points backwardsBecause the tongue points backwards

this phoneme is sometimes calledthis phoneme is sometimes called

retroflexretroflex

LING-07 Manner of Articulation rev 2-1-2011

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