Linde Products and Solutions for Renewable Energy

German American Chamber of CommerceKrish R. KrishnamurthyNew York, November 2, 2009

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Content

1 The Linde Group

2 Linde Products and Solutions for Renewable Energy

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Linde’s profile

Global organization: $16 billion revenues, 50,000 employees, over 100 countries

Leading supplier of cryogenic and compressed gases, and engineering & equipment

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Group profileOrganisational structure

The Linde Group

Engineering Division Gases Division Other Activities

Western Europe

Americas

Asia & Eastern Europe

South Pacific & Africa

Gist

Cleaning Enterprises(FRED BUTLER®)

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How we deliver in North America?

— $2.25 billion in gases sales revenue (2007)

— 4,000 employees throughout the U.S., Canada and the Caribbean

— 100,000 customers

— Industry leading National Operations Center, New Jersey

— Over 400 sales, retail, plant and depot locations

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Content

1 The Linde Group

2 Linde Products and Solutions for Renewable Energy

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The Linde Group with extensive expertise in field of Energy

Hydrogen as fuel

Photo-voltaic

IGCC1/CTLEnhanced Oil& Gas Recovery, N2

Fossil (gaseous)

Solar

LNG

OxyFuel

FloatingLNG

Biogas and Bio LNG

Refinery Hydrogen

Biodiesel

Biomass-Gasification

GreenHydrogen

Renewable

Enhanced Oil& Gas Recovery CO2

MerchantLNG

LPG

Fracservices

Natural Gasprocessing

CO2 scrubbing

LNG terminal

GTL

Fossil (liquid, solid)

Heavy fuel upgrading

Post-comb.CO2 capture

CCS2 (LNG)

GreenhouseCO2

CCS2

LNG ship system Energy

efficiency and GHG reduction technologies

1 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle, 2 Carbon Capture & Storage

Energy value chain Upstream Energy conversion

Transport/Storage/Climate

Efficiency in energy use

Deep dives

Feed

stoc

k

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Linde’s products and solutions for renewable energy: Thin film solar cell manufacturing

What is thin film solar cell manufacturing?

— Transition from conventional crystalline solar cells based on poly-silicon to thin film cells based on various substrates

— Linde’s turnkey gas and chemical solutions:

— Flexible N2 generators

— Global bulk gas capability

— Leading process gas technology

— Expert turn-key project capabilities

— Complete gas system capabilities including reliable compressed dry air

— Onsite gas management

— Environmentally friendly F2

technology

— Linde PV references, e.g., Ample Sun, Auria, Beyond PV, Bangkok Solar, EPV, Ersol Thin Film, FlexCells, Green Energy, GS Solar, Masdar, Malibu, Neo Solar, Schott Solar, Solar Plus, T Solar, Tianwei Boading

Example gas farm layout for AMAT Sunfab or Oerlikon Line:

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Linde’s products and solutions for Renewable Energy: Onsite fluorine generator for process chamber cleaning

— Turnkey solutions for Thin Film PV, 30 MW to Gigawatt scale

— More than 25 systems in use worldwide on a 24 hours basis

Linde’s unique onsite F2 generator system for high efficiency process chamber cleaning

Legacy and current chamber clean process gases such as SF6 and NF3 have greenhouse gas potential and are not environmentally friendly

Benefit of F2 for chamber cleaning application

— Lowest cost per clean for CVD chambers

— Improved productivity from faster etch rates and shorter clean times

— Zero global warming potential

— Extensive volume production experience

— High reliability and safety

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Linde’s products and solutions for renewable energy: Bio-LNG (Landfill gas to LNG plant, Altamont, CA)

Worlds largest landfill gas to LNG plant

Altamont, CA (Linde JV with Waste Management)

— 13,000 gallons per day LNG

— $15.5 million total capital

— Start-up in 2009

— Government funding: CIWMB, CARB, SCAQMD,CEC (Pending)

— LNG initially used in Waste Management refuse trucks

LNG Production and Fuelling

— LNG is a low-carbon intensity fuel

— Reduces GHG emissions by 30,000 tons/year (LNG from Altamont, CA)

— Can be a key contributor to meeting CA’s Low Carbon Fuel standard

— Single processing train (—> economies of scale)

— Small scale mixed refrigerant liquefaction technology licensed from GTI (—> high efficiency)

— Multi-step purification incorporating proprietary design and unique combination of steps. Significant system development and testing

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Hydrogen as fuel: Key stakeholders signed MoU for a H2

infrastructure in Germany

On September 10th leading industrialcompanies and the German ministry of transport signed a MoU for the preparationof an H2 infrastructure allowing thecommercialization of FCV.

Partners of the initiative: Daimler, EnBW, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total, Vattenfall and theNOW

2 Phase approach:

Phase 1: Evaluation of large scale roll-out, joint business planning and action plan.Leverage build up of new hydrogenfuelling stations by 2011

Phase 2: Implementation of action plan

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Linde’s products and solutions for renewable energy:Biomass to hydrogen - glycerin pyro-reforming

What is Glycerin pyro-reforming?

—H2 fuelling applications needing in the long term renewable H2 production, e.g., from biomass or regenerative electricity

—Linde developed a patented technology for producing cost-effective, renewable H2 from glycerin, a byproduct of biodiesel

—Linde producing H2 from glycerin to support CEP (Clean Energy Partnership) in Germany in their overall H2 energy demonstration timeline

Raw

glycerin

Storage

tank PyrolysisPurificationCH4

reformer

Example pilot plant at Leuna, Germany

— Linde demo plant for glycerin pyro-reforming to be integrated at industrial site of Leuna, Germany

— Extensive lab work and testing performed, detailed engineering, construction and installation of the plant started, start-up and renewable H2 production expected in mid-2010

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Hydrogen as fuel - automotive

What is automotive hydrogen as fuel?

—A transition to hydrogen-powered transport driven by (i) legislation, (ii) pursuit of crude oil independency and (iii) zero emission mobility

— Fuel Cells more than twice as efficient as ICE (from Whell to wheel)

—New standard for car refueling: 4kg H2 in 3 min at 700 bar and – 40C

—Appr. 300 demonstration vehicles (cars & buses) at 150 fuelling stations

—Linde’s Leading position with ≥60 station supplied and 120,000 refueling performed

Example of Linde H2 fuelling stations

Frankfurt: 350bar, 700bar and LH2 car refuelling

Barcelona: 350bar bus refuelling

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Hydrogen as fuel - forklifts

What is forklift hydrogen as fuel?

— A transition to hydrogen-powered fork lift trucks driven lower costs, e.g.,

— Lifecycle cost advantages over battery powered forklifts.

— Ease of refueling versus recharging batteries

— Less idle capital (i.e., spare batteries)

— No harmful emissions (indoor)

— Appr. 250 trucks at 20 sites in operation (largely in USA)

— Linde’s Leading position with with ≥10 station supplied and 10,000 refueling performed

Example of Linde H2 fuelling stations

WalMart, Ohio: 350bar Refueling for 63 Trucks

ACE, California: 350bar refueling

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Additional Linde activities in renewable fuels and low carbon technologies

Quad-Gen Project (Rutgers EcoComplex)

Green hydrogen production

Biogas and LNG fueling

Post-combustion CO2 Capture

GHG Reduction Technology:SF6 Recovery and Recycle

Oxyfuel CO2 Capture

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Questions?