Lincoln drove home two points during his inauguration…

1. He would do whatever needed to preserve the Union

2. He had no intent to interfere, directly or indirectly, with the

institution of slavery

The Civil War was underway!

The North vs. The SouthThe Union vs. The Confederacy

The Blue vs. the Gray

April 12, 1861Charleston, South Carolina

Lincoln planned to maintain

control over the South by

holding federal fortifications

in the secession states

Jefferson Davis, elected

Confederate President,

saw this as a weakness

and refused to allow it.

Lincoln sends a supply ship to fortify Fort Sumter, a Union garrison.

For two days, Confederate troops bombarded the fortress , forcing the federal forces to surrender.

An ill-prepared North readied for war.

Northern forces:

-only 16,000 men-No general staff-only 42 ships ready

Lincoln calls up 75,000 militia to active service for 90 days.

In the South: -500,000 men enlisted for service

-Had prepared leaders whograduated from West PointBut,Did not have enough guns

or uniforms

July,1861The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• First major battle of war

30,000 Union v 22,000 Confed.

General Thomas J. Jackson

Uses 9000 inexperienced Confed.

Troops to force Union troops

to retreat to Washington

(gets nickname “Stonewall”)

Things seem to be going

the South’s way…..

Battles With Dual Names Date of Battle Confederate Name

Federal Name July 21, 1861  First Manassas  Bull Run Aug. 10, 1861  Oak Hills  Wilson's Creek Oct. 21, 1861   Leesburg  Ball's Bluff Jan. 19, 1862  Mill Springs  Logan's Cross

Roads Mar. 7-8, 1862  Elkhorn Tavern Pea Ridge Apr. 6-7, 1862  Shiloh  Pittsburg Landing June 27, 1862 Gaines's Mill  Chickahominy Aug. 29-30,1862 Second Manassas   Second Bull Run Sept. 1, 1862  Ox Hill Chantilly Sept. 14, 1862  Boonsboro  South Mountain Sept. 17, 1862  Sharpsburg  Antietam Oct. 8, 1862  Perryville  Chaplin Hills Dec. 31, 1862- Jan 2, 1863  Murfreesboro  Stones River Apr. 8, 1864  Mansfield Sabine Cross Roads Sept. 19, 1864  Winchester  Opequon Creek

1862Union General – Ulysses S. Grant

• The Battle of Shiloh• Union Victory

• 13,000 Union and 11,000 Confederate dead

Significance=S – Troops began to desert serviceDavis enacts the first conscription

law in US history (a draft)

Rich Southerners hired substitutes to serve in their place

($5K to $6K)Or sent their slaves

Davis also –

-imposed martial law (military in control)-collected taxes from farm and plantation owners-Forced farmers to switch from cash crops to food crops-Used slaves for labor (impressment)-Took control of all Southern railroads

August 1862

The Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)

• Confederate General Robert E. Lee

Vs.

• Union General George B. McClellan

• Lee’s plans are discovered (cigars)

• McClellan is slow to react

September 17 – Sharpsburg, MD

14 hours of intense fighting

over a small bridge

Robert E. Lee George B McClellan

4,800 dead

18,500 wounded

3,500 would die from injuries

Darkness mercifully ended the

single bloodiest day in American History

The Ironclads

New ship technology

• Wooden ships covered with steel plates one foot thick

• South = The Virginia (Merrimack)

• North = The Monitor

Sunday March 9, 1862

After 6 hours and no damage

the battle was over

The era of the wooden ship died!

CSS Virginia USS Merrimackcomes from the

USS Monitor Damage for the battle

The H.L. Hunley

Thomas Park & Thomas Lyons

The first attack submarine

Used a spar torpedo that was stuck on the hull of the enemy ship

1863

• McClellan is replaced with General Hooker (end of 1862)

- he ignored a direct presidential order at Battle of Richmond

January 1, 1863

President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation

It promised to free the slaves of those secession states who did not return to the Union!

But only if the North wins!

By the Emancipation Proclamation 3,063,392 slaves were set free, as follows:Arkansas 111,104 Alabama 435,132 Florida 61,753 Georgia 462,232 Mississippi 436,696 North Carolina 275,081 South Carolina 402,541 Texas 180,682 Virginia (part) 450,437

Louisiana (part) 247,734

The Battle of GettysburgThe Battle of Gettysburg

July 1st, 2nd &3rd, 186375,000 Confed. meet 97,000 Union

Confederates use their resources to attempt to break the Union line.

July 3 – Pickett’s Charge15,000 Confed. troops marches

across 1000 open yards.10,000 Confed. soldiers

would be wounded or killed.

Union losses:

3,155 dead 23,049 wounded

Confederate losses:

4,965 dead 17,287 wounded

It is the deadliest engagement of the Civil War!

• The North could resupply

• Marks the beginning of the end for the South

November 19, 1863

• President Lincoln is invited to speak at the

dedication ceremony for Gettysburg National

Cemetery

The Gettysburg Address-267 words long

Ignites the fighting spirit

of the North

Lincoln is determined to win!

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1864 – The Beginning of the End

- Battle of the Wilderness

-Battle of Spotsylvania

Sherman’s March to the Sea- Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman

Marches from the Mississippi River to

Atlanta, Georgiadestroying everything in his path

Much southern resistance was destroyed!

1865 – Only Virginia and the Carolinas remained

• Sherman and Grant agree to meet in Richmond

• Lee is forced to retreat across the Appomattox River

-after losing 7,000 more men, Lee makes a fateful decision

April 9, 1865General Robert E. Lee surrendered to

General Ulysses S. Grantat Appomattox Courthouse

(McLean House)

The War is Over!

The Cost of War!

620,000 soldiers lost their lives-360,000 Union

-260,000 Confederate

(nearly equals the 680,000 lost in ALL other was US has been involved with)

A stronger National government-took over jobs managed by states-currency, militias, taxes and more

A new sense of Nation / Unionand Lincoln is reelected

April 14, 1865President Lincoln decides to celebrate by taking a play in at Ford’s Theater

Little did he knowthe third act would

be so painful!

John Wilkes Booth

Original plot to kidnap Lincoln and force N. to surrender

After Appomattox, it becomes a plot to kill the President and other

cabinet members

(VP & Sec of State)

8 other conspirators

included a woman

(Mary E. Surratt)

• Booth shoots Lincoln in the head

• He leaps to the stage (breaking a leg)

and escapes into the night

Co-conspirator fails to kill

William Seward – Sec of State

(Lewis Paine)

• Lincoln is carried across the

street and lies motionless until

7:22 a.m. the next morning

He dies of his wounds

Booth would flee and later be shot in the neck by Sgt. Boston Corbett

“Providence directed me”

The remaining conspirators were hung for their roles

Mary E. Surratt became the first woman executed by the Federal Government

On April 15, 1865

Andrew Johnson was sworn in as the President of the

United States

Lincoln never saw his lasting affect on the

nation.