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LIFTS & ESCALATORSLIFTS & ESCALATORSLIFTS & ESCALATORSLIFTS & ESCALATORS

LIFTLIFT(INTRODUCTION)(INTRODUCTION)

�� EFFICIENT LIFT IS IMPORTANT TO THE HIGHRISE EFFICIENT LIFT IS IMPORTANT TO THE HIGHRISE BUILDINGBUILDING

�� SEVERAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN DETERMINING SEVERAL FACTORS INVOLVED IN DETERMINING THE SIZE & NUMBER OF LIFT REQUIREDTHE SIZE & NUMBER OF LIFT REQUIREDTHE SIZE & NUMBER OF LIFT REQUIREDTHE SIZE & NUMBER OF LIFT REQUIRED

�� NORMALLY SEVERAL LIFTS INSTALLED AT ONE NORMALLY SEVERAL LIFTS INSTALLED AT ONE BEST LOCATION (i.e. HOTEL LOBBY) RATHER THAN BEST LOCATION (i.e. HOTEL LOBBY) RATHER THAN SPREAD INSIDE THE BUILDING TO AVOID WAITINGSPREAD INSIDE THE BUILDING TO AVOID WAITING

�� GROUP LIFTS REDUCE INSTALLATION COSTGROUP LIFTS REDUCE INSTALLATION COST�� DEMAND OF USING LIFT TEND TO BE REDUCED IF DEMAND OF USING LIFT TEND TO BE REDUCED IF

A STAIRCASE AVAILABE ON THE WAY TO A LIFTA STAIRCASE AVAILABE ON THE WAY TO A LIFTA STAIRCASE AVAILABE ON THE WAY TO A LIFTA STAIRCASE AVAILABE ON THE WAY TO A LIFT�� MUST BE EASILY SEEN AND ACCESSIBLEMUST BE EASILY SEEN AND ACCESSIBLE�� SEVERAL SMALLER LIFTS PROVIDE BETTER SEVERAL SMALLER LIFTS PROVIDE BETTER

SERVICE THAN FEWER LARGER LIFTS BUT SERVICE THAN FEWER LARGER LIFTS BUT INSTALLATION COST LOWER FOR THE LATTERINSTALLATION COST LOWER FOR THE LATTER

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NUMBER OF LIFTSNUMBER OF LIFTS

� Population: Normally take 10 m.sq = 1 person� Round Trip Time = time in second taken by one lift to travel from

ground floor to top and return to the ground floor� Flow rate: usually express as a percentage of the total population

during 5 min peak demand period:during 5 min peak demand period:� 12 percent for staggered starting times� 17 percent for unified starting times

� Interval : express in seconds = round trip time of one lift/number of cars.

� Average waiting time= 0.5 of the interval (but in practice = 0.75 of the interval) Table 11.2

� Lift travel: number of floor above ground X floor height

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(Lift Speed)

Handling capacity

interval

capacity

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Electric LiftElectric Lift

�� Lift car with steel ropesLift car with steel ropes�� Drive by electrical motorDrive by electrical motor�� Drive by electrical motorDrive by electrical motor�� Required counterweightRequired counterweight�� Load motor = (weight of car + its load) Load motor = (weight of car + its load) ––

(counterweight + friction)(counterweight + friction)�� Counterweight about 40Counterweight about 40--50% of weight of 50% of weight of �� Counterweight about 40Counterweight about 40--50% of weight of 50% of weight of

car + its load + friction car + its load + friction �� Friction about 20 percent of the Friction about 20 percent of the

counterweightcounterweight

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FOUR TYPE OF ROPE FOUR TYPE OF ROPE ARRANGEMENTSARRANGEMENTS

�� SINGLESINGLE--WRAP TRACTION (11.2 &11.3)WRAP TRACTION (11.2 &11.3)DOUBLEDOUBLE--WRAP TRACTION (11.4)WRAP TRACTION (11.4)�� DOUBLEDOUBLE--WRAP TRACTION (11.4)WRAP TRACTION (11.4)

�� 2:1 ROPING (11.5)2:1 ROPING (11.5)�� 3:1 ROPING (11.6)3:1 ROPING (11.6)

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MODIFIED ROPING MODIFIED ROPING ARRANGEMENTSARRANGEMENTS

�� COMPENSATING ROPES (11.7)COMPENSATING ROPES (11.7)ROPING FOR MACHINE ROOM AT LOW ROPING FOR MACHINE ROOM AT LOW �� ROPING FOR MACHINE ROOM AT LOW ROPING FOR MACHINE ROOM AT LOW LEVEL (11.8)LEVEL (11.8)

�� DRUM DRIVE (11.9)DRUM DRIVE (11.9)

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Brakes

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PATERNOSTERSPATERNOSTERS

�� A SERIES OF 2 PERSON DOORLESS LIFT A SERIES OF 2 PERSON DOORLESS LIFT CARSCARSCARSCARS

�� PASSENGER ENTERS & LEAVES A CAR PASSENGER ENTERS & LEAVES A CAR WHILE IT IS MOVINGWHILE IT IS MOVING

�� SPEED NOT EXCEEDING 0.4 m/sSPEED NOT EXCEEDING 0.4 m/s�� NOT SUITABLE FOR THE ELDERLYNOT SUITABLE FOR THE ELDERLY�� 650 PERSONS/hr650 PERSONS/hr�� SUITABLE UP TO 7 STOREYS BUILDINGSUITABLE UP TO 7 STOREYS BUILDING

(HOSPITALS, COLLEGES, HOSTELS)(HOSPITALS, COLLEGES, HOSTELS)

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OILOIL--HYDRAULIC LIFTSHYDRAULIC LIFTS

�� USES OIL PRESURE FROM SELFUSES OIL PRESURE FROM SELF--CONTAINED POWER PACK & DRIVEN CONTAINED POWER PACK & DRIVEN CONTAINED POWER PACK & DRIVEN CONTAINED POWER PACK & DRIVEN BY ELECTRIC MOTORBY ELECTRIC MOTOR

�� MODERATE CAR SPEED (0.12MODERATE CAR SPEED (0.12--1 m/s)1 m/s)�� MAXIMUM TRAVEL 21 mMAXIMUM TRAVEL 21 m�� SUITABLE FOR GOODS LIFTS & SUITABLE FOR GOODS LIFTS & �� SUITABLE FOR GOODS LIFTS & SUITABLE FOR GOODS LIFTS &

ELDERLYELDERLY

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ESCALATORESCALATOR

�� CONTINOUS CONVEYORS FOR MOVING CONTINOUS CONVEYORS FOR MOVING LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM ONE LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM ONE LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM ONE LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE FROM ONE FLOOR TO ANOTHERFLOOR TO ANOTHER

�� NO WAITING TIMENO WAITING TIME�� REVERSIBLE TO SUIT THE MAIN FLOW OF REVERSIBLE TO SUIT THE MAIN FLOW OF

TRAFFIC DURING PEAK TIMESTRAFFIC DURING PEAK TIMES�� SPEED 0.45SPEED 0.45--0.7 m/s0.7 m/sSPEED 0.45SPEED 0.45--0.7 m/s0.7 m/s�� SUITABLE FOR SUPERMARKET, SHOPPING SUITABLE FOR SUPERMARKET, SHOPPING

MALL, BANKS,AIR TERMINAL, BUS/RAILWAY MALL, BANKS,AIR TERMINAL, BUS/RAILWAY STATIONSSTATIONS

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