Life Science

Part 2 of 9.3

Gymnosperm

Oldest trees alive

Gymnosperm: Vascular plants that produce seeds that are not protected by fruit

Do not have flowers

Gymnosperm

Leaves:Needle-like

Most are called evergreensSome green leaves

are always on branches

Gymnosperm

4 Divisions ConifersCycadsGinkgoesGnetophytes

Gymnosperm Conifers

Pines, spruces, firs, redwoods, and junipersHave 2 types of cones – male and femaleBoth types are usually on the same plant

Seeds on female cone not the male

Angiosperms

Angiosperm: Vascular plant that flowers and produces fruits with one or more seeds

Fruit develops from a part or parts of one or more flowers

Flowers

Flowers vary in shape, size, and color

Some flower parts develop into fruit Most fruits contain a seed like an apple or a

strawberry

Two groups of Angiosperms monocots and dicots

Monocots

Cotyledon: Part of a seed used for storage

Monocots have 1 cotyledon

Corn, rice, wheat and barley

Bananas, pineapples, and dates

Dicots

Dicot flowers: 2 cotyledons

Peanuts, green beans, peas, apples, and oranges.

Maple, oak, and elm

Monocot vs. Dicot

MonocotFlower parts in

multiplies of 3Narrow leavesVascular bundles

show up as parallel veins

Vascular tissue are bundles throughout the stem

Dicot Flower parts in

multiplies of 4 Vascular bundles are in

a network of veins in the leaves

Vascular tissue occurs in rings in the stem

The rings are the annual rings in woody stems

Life Cycles of Angiosperms

Annual: Life cycle is completed within one year

Must be grown from seed each year

Life Cycles of Angiosperms

Biennials: Complete their life cycles within two yearsStore large amount of food in an undergrowth

root or stem for the second year

Life Cycle of Angiosperms

Perennials: Take more than two years to grow to maturityHerbaceous perennial: Die each winter but

grow and produce flowers each springWoody perennial: Produce flowers and fruits

on stems that survive for many years

Importance of Seed Plants

School Paper, desks, chairs, books

Clothing

Food Bread, fruit, potato chips all come from seed plants Hamburgers, milk, and hot dogs come from

animals that eat seed plants

Products of Seed Plants

Most wood comes from conifers Resin from conifers is used to make

chemicals found in soap, paint, varnish, and some medicines

Angiosperms are important to our dietsAlso the source of many fibers in clothing