Life Cycle Assessment in Concentrating Solar Powerraiselife.eu/dissemination/docs/17. Life Cycle...

RAISELIFE Dissemination Workshop, Madrid, 17th of May 2017

Life Cycle Assessment in Concentrating Solar Power

E. Batuecas, C. Mayo, R. Díaz and F.J. Pérez Trujillo

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

17th of May 2017, Madrid


00 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT IN

CONCENTRATING SOLAR POWER

1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT

7. SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP STUDIES


01 INTRODUCTION

CSP TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES: METALS: CORROSION RESISTANCE

HTF/TES: THERMAL PROPERTIES IMPROVEMENT

NEW MATERIALS ¿ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE?

LIFE CYCLE ASSESMENT




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



02 LCA DEFINITION




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



03 LCA STANDARDS

ISO 14040:2006

Environmental management.

Life cycle assessment.

Principles and framework.

ISO 14044:2006

Environmental management.

Life cycle assessment.

Requirements and guidelines

1.

Goal and scope

definition

2.

Inventory analysis

3.

Impact assessment

4.

Interpretation

Direct applications

- Product development

and improvement

- Strategic planning.

- Public policity making

- Marketing.

- Other.




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



1.

Goal and scope

definition

2.

Inventory analysis

3.

Impact assessment

4.

Interpretation

04 GOAL AND SCOPE

IN THIS STEP, DETERMINATE:

1. SYSTEM BOUNDARIES.

2. FUNCTIONAL UNIT.

The functional unit is a measure of

the studied system and it provides

a reference to which the inputs and

outputs can be related.

2.

Inventory analysis




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



05 LCA INVENTORY

System boundaries

PROCESS MAP SYSTEM BOUNDARIES LCA INVENTORY IMPACT

ASSESSMENT

Extraction

Production

Distribution

Use

End of life

Raw materials

Energy

Emissions

Waste

Other


05 HOW TO GET A LCA INVENTORY

Receptor

Molten

salt tanks

Power

block

Solar field

CSP DESIGN POWER

CSP LOCATION

TES TIME

SAM

INPUTS SOFTWARE OUTPUTS: MATERIALS INVOLVED

LOCATION: Fuentes de Andalucía, SEVILLA FUNCTIONAL UNIT: 1 Plant




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



1.

Goal and scope

definition

2.

Inventory analysis

3.

Impact assessment

4.

Interpretation

06 IMPACT ASSESMENT

IN THIS STEP:

1. METHOD CHOICE.

2. SOFTWARE AND DATABASE

CHOICE.

3. IMPACTS CALCULATION

2.

Inventory analysis

3.

Impact assessment


06 IMPACT ASSESMENT

LCA

Inventory SimaPro

8.0

Method:

CML

Recipe

Others

Data Base:

Ecoinvent 3

𝑪𝑪 = 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊

…

𝑨𝑶 = 𝑶𝑫𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊

𝑨 = 𝑨𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊

𝑬 = 𝑬𝑷𝒊 · 𝒎𝒊

1. Clasification

2. Characterization

3. Normalization

RESULTS


06 IMPACT ASSESMENT

MOLTEN SALT

OTHERS

STEEL

SYNTHETIC OIL

Impact categories

(depending on method)

Abiotic depletion

Global Warming potenital

Ozone depletion

Human toxicity

Terrestrial ecotoxicity

Metal depletion

Acidification

Eutrofization

…

CLASIFICATION CARACTERIZATION

kg CO2 eq

MS

S

O

GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL

NORMALIZATION

𝐺𝑊𝑃𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 = 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2𝑒𝑞 / 𝑘𝑔 𝐶𝑂2𝐺𝐿𝑂𝐵𝐴𝐿

𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀 = 𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇

𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑁𝑂𝑅𝑀

𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝐶𝐴𝑇𝐸𝐺𝑂𝑅𝑌𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇

= 𝐹𝐴𝐶𝑇𝑂𝑅𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑅𝐴𝐶𝑇 𝑖 · 𝑚𝑖

𝑮𝑾𝑷 = 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑨 · 𝒎𝑨 + 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑫 · 𝒎𝑫+ 𝑮𝑾𝑷𝑬 · 𝒎𝑬

LCA

INVENTORY


06 IMPACT ASSESMENT

CHARACTERIZATION RESULTS NETWORK:

Example: Global Warming Potential. 5% cut off.

MOLTEN SALT

25,2%

STEEL

27,4%

SYNTHETIC OIL

45,7%

kg CO2 eq

MS

S

O

GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL

MOLTEN SALT

25,2%

STEEL

27,4%

SYNTHETIC OIL

45,7%

CSP PLANT 100%




1. INTRODUCTION

2. LCA DEFINITION

3. LCA STANDARDS

4. GOAL AND SCOPE

5. LCA INVENTORY

6. IMPACT ASSESMENT



07 SOME ISMN RESEARCH GROUP

STUDIES

COMPARATIVE LCA. HTF IN CSP PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS BINARY MOLTEN SALT. HITEC MOLTEN SALT. THERMINOL OIL.

FUNCTIONAL UNIT 1 KG.

GOAL AND SCOPE Goal To determine the environmental behavior of

Binary Molten Salt, Hitec® Solar Salt and Therminol® oil.

To discover whether the HTF being molten salts have got a correct ecological performance or not.

Scope Cradle (raw materials extraction) to gate (production).

METHODOLOGY: CML



STUDIES

530 g

Potassium nitrate

21

400 g

Potassium

nitrate

600 g

Sodium

nitrate Binary Salt

1 kg

70 g

Sodium nitrate

Hitec

1 kg

400 g

Sosium nitrite

265 g

Byfenil

735 g

Diphenyl

oxide

Therminol

1 kg



STUDIES

0.0E+00

1.0E-12

2.0E-12

3.0E-12

4.0E-12

5.0E-12

6.0E-12

7.0E-12

Hitec

Binary

Therminol

NORMALIZATION

Dimensionless

COMPARATIVE LCA. HTF IN CSP PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS BINARY MOLTEN SALT. HITEC MOLTEN SALT. THERMINOL OIL.

Energy Human Toxicity Ozone depletion Water consumption



STUDIES

LCA IN PARABOLIC TROUGH PLANTS 50 MW. 150MW. 12h TES. Location: Sevilla.

50 MW 69 loops. 4 collectors. 12 modules

150 MW 207 loops. 4 collectors. 12 modules



STUDIES

P92

516

316

T22

Therminol Binary Solar Salt Hitec

50 MW 150 MW

Low T

Tank

Hight T

Tank

Heat

exchanger

Pipes

Solar field

LCA



STUDIES

0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

2.5E-05

3.0E-05

3.5E-05

4.0E-05

4.5E-05

Water consumption Energy Human toxicity

P92-T22-HiTec Therminol-P92-T22-Binaria

P92-A516-HiTec Therminol-P92-A516-Binaria

316-T22-HiTec Therminol-316-T22-Binaria

316-A516-HiTec Therminol-316-A516-Binaria

50MW

Normalization

Dimensionless

Directs Indirects



STUDIES

0.0E+00

5.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.5E-05

2.0E-05

2.5E-05

3.0E-05

3.5E-05

4.0E-05

4.5E-05

Water consumption Energy Human toxicity

P92-A516-Hitec Therminol-316-T22-Binaria

50 MW. Normalization. Dimensionless



STUDIES

P92

316

A516

T22

Binary

Hitec

Therminol

Binary

Hitec P92

316

P92

316



STUDIES

LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS 19 MW. 100MW. 12h TES. Location: Sevilla.

AISI 347 H

ICONEL 317 BINARY SOLAR SALT HITEC SOLAR SALT



STUDIES

LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS

0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 1800000

Climate Change

Terrestrial Acidification

Human Toxicity

Photochemical Oxidant Formation

Particulate Matter Formation

Urban Land Occupation

Natural Land Transformation

Metal Depletion

Fossil Depletion

Normalization Values

Imp

act

Cat

ego

rie

s

19 MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347 H - Binary Solar Salt vs. 19 MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347 H - HiTec Solar Salt comparative environmental

assessment

19MW POWER TOWER PLANT: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-HiTec Solar Salt

19MW POWER TOWER PLANT: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-Binary Solar Salt



STUDIES

LCA IN CENTRAL TOWER PLANTS

Climate Change 6.40%


9.04%

Human Toxicity 32.20% Particulate

Matter Formation

6.13%


46.23%

19MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL617/AISI 347H-Binary Solar Salt

Climate Change 5.24%


8.87%

Human Toxicity 33.84% Particulate

Matter Formation

6.46%


45.59%

19MW Power Tower Plant: INCONEL 617/AISI 347H-HiTec Solar Salt




UCM Surface

Engineering

Research Group [email protected]

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