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Library as publisher
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Transcript of Library as publisher
The Library as Publisher
Timothy S. Deliyannides, MSISDirector, Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing
and Head, Information Technology
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
NASIG 2013 Pre-Conference WorkshopBuffalo, NY, June 5, 2013
Lauren B. Collister, PhDElectronic Publications Associate
University Library System, University of Pittsburgh
Goals for today
Explore the benefits of the Library becoming a Publisher
Learn about Open Access journal publishing – what it is, what it isn’t and why it’s important
Follow a detailed case study of the University of Pittsburgh
Review other ways that libraries can be involved in publishing
Identify resources to help you get started
LIBRARY AS PUBLISHERNew Trends, New Technologies
Libraries as Publishers – Current Trends
More than 75% of ARL libraries offer or plan to offer publishing services.
Most expect to expand these services in future.
Dedicated publishing staff are rare.
Most do not have sustainability plans.
Most plan to expand cost recovery mechanisms moving forward.
Source: Library Publishing Services: Strategies for Success Research Report , v. 2.0. http://wp.sparc.arl.org/lps/
Why should libraries be publishers?
Is your library already involved in publishing, and why?
What do you hope to learn today?
How could publishing fit into your library’s programs and services?
Why is this topic relevant to libraries?
What are some potential hurdles to becoming a publisher?
Why become a Publisher?
Provide services that scholars understand, need and value
Transform the unsustainable commercial subscription pricing system
Take direct action to support Open Access
Deepen our understanding of scholarly communications issues
What does Open Access mean to you?
Open Access is… A family of copyright licensing policies under
which authors and copyright owners make their works publicly available
A movement in higher education to increase access to scholarly research and communication, not limiting it solely to subscribers or purchasers of works
A response to the current crisis in scholarly communication
OA Overview Open Access literature is digital, online, free
of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions
Works are still covered by copyright law, but Open Access terms apply to allow sharing and reuse
All major OA initiatives for scientific and scholarly literature insist on the importance of peer review
OA is compatible with . . .Copyright
Peer review
Revenue (even profit)
Preservation
Prestige
Quality
Career advancement
Indexing
And other features and supportive services associated with conventional scholarly literature
Open Access is not . . . Open Source—applies to computer
software
Open Content—applies to non-scholarly content
Open Data—a movement to support sharing of research data (see data.gov)
Free Access—no charge to access, but all rights may be reserved
Open Access—Origins Crisis in scholarly
communication/publishing
– Flat to declining collections budgets– More demand for newer, expensive resources– Greatly increased pricing for serials, electronic
resources Rise of Internet and Worldwide Web
– Rapid dissemination of new research– Better connectivity between scholars
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
100
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biology
chemistry
engineering & tech
general science
math & comp sci
physics
CPI (general inflation)
ARL expenditures, all serials
year
% c
ha
ng
e s
ince
19
90
Crisis in scholarly journal pricing
Bill Hooker, April 2009. Data sources: Library Journal Annual Serials Price Surveys, Association of Research Libraries, US Dept. of Labor
Growth in scholarly publishing Est. 50 million scholarly research articles published
1665-2009
@1.4 million articles per year (2006 est.)—one every 22 seconds!
Average number of science articles per journal increased by >47% from 1990 to 2009(Times Higher Education, 8 July 2010)
Number of scientific articles indexed by ISI was 590,841 in 1990 and 1,015,637 in 2009 – a rise of 72% 1990-2009
Concentration of ownership Nearly 50% of the content of the merged ISI Indexes
consists of titles from 5 major publishers—
– Elsevier– Wiley– Springer– Taylor & Francis– Sage
Top 3 publishers of science journals (Elsevier, Springer-Kluwer, Wiley-Blackwell) accounted for @ 42% of articles published (2002)
There were over 2,000 publishers of academic journals; no other publisher accounted for >3% of market share (2002)
Other changes in Scholarly Communication New ways of disseminating research
– Document repositories & gray literature online– Web sites, blogs, social networks
New ways of evaluating research and its impact– Peer review models are changing– Alternative measures of research impact (altmetrics)
Changing laws– DMCA– Research Works Act– Google Books Copyright Settlement & aftermath
Changes in scholarly communication
Changing economic models– The ‘big deal’– Pay per view model– Open Access publishing– Hybrid Open Access– Self-publishing– The library as publisher
OA Today Over 150 universities around the world mandate
Open Access deposits of faculty works
Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)– lists 9,437 OA journals in 119 countries
– http://www.doaj.org (June 2013)
Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) – lists 2,284 open archives in 103 countries
– http://www.opendoar.org (June 2013)
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Open Access journals usually don't follow the peer review process, which is the most
important guarantee of research quality.
Open Access journals are free.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
The Open Access business model is supported by fees paid by the authors.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Revenues collected when publishing an Open Access journal cannot be used to
make a profit.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
It's easier to get published in an Open Access journal, as long as you agree
to pay the author fee.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Articles in Open Access journals can be reproduced freely because they
are in the public domain.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Open Access licenses prohibit reuse of the content for commercial purposes.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Articles in Open Access journals can reach a broader audience than articles in subscription-based
journals.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Open Access is an international movement.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Research articles published in Open Access journals are usually not considered during faculty tenure and promotion processes.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Publishing a print version of an online Open Access journal is an important step toward increasing the journal's acceptance by the
scholarly research community.
Open Access: Fact or Fiction?
Case Study:University Library System
University of Pittsburgh
ULS Leadership in advocacy for OA publishing
First library publisher in North America to join the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA)
Founding member of Coalition for Library Publishing
Major development partner for Public Knowledge Project (PKP)
Strategic GoalInnovation in Scholarly Communication
Support researchers in – efficient knowledge production– rapid dissemination of new research– open access to scholarly information
Build collaborative partnershipsaround the world
Improve the production and sharing of scholarly research
Support innovative publishing services
Establish trusted repositories for the research output of the University
Collaboration withUniversity of Pittsburgh Press
Press focuses on books andmonographs rather than journals
Press Digital Editions– collaborative project between Press and
Library– 750 books digitized by ULS – includes both in-print and out-of-print
titles– all are Open Access
2001 PhilSci Archive
2001 Electronic Theses & Dissertations
2002 Archive of European Integration
2003 Minority Health Archive
2003 Aphasiology Archive
2009 D-Scholarship@Pitt (general Institutional Repository)
2010 Industry Studies Working Papers
2012 Archive for Essential Limb Care
Open Access Author Self-archiving Repositories
Documents in repositories and journals
FY2000 FY2001 FY2002
FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 -
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
FY2000 FY2001 FY2002 FY2003 FY2004 FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 -
2 2 3 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 7 6 7
- - -
- - - -
2 3 4
9
16
27
35
Subject based archives and repositories
e-journals
Growth in number of titles published
ULS E-Journal Publishing
Rapid growth to 35 journals since 2007
Peer-reviewed scholarly research journals
Most are Open Access and electronic-only
Based on PKP Open Journal Systems (OJS)
Editorial teams are located around the world
Six journals have multilingual content
Journal publishing goals
Propel scholarship at the University of Pittsburgh
Extend service beyond the home institution
Save ‘at-risk’ journals without the infrastructure or know-how to go electronic
Incentivize Open Access Publishing worldwide
Student Publications
Only supported for University of Pittsburgh
Provides valuable learning experience
Faculty involvement is required to maintain continuity
Selection criteria are relaxed for student publications– Peer review process– Quality of editorial board
Scholarly Exchange™
http://www.scholarlyexchange.org
Approximately 40 additional Open Access journals
Acquired by the ULS on August 1, 2012
Hosting service only
ULS is NOT the publisher and does not provide publishing services
JOURNAL PUBLISHING The Process:
Journal Publishing Strategies
Maintain quality and academic integrity
Choose partners carefully
Rely on self-sufficient editors
Work smart, not hard
Keep costs low
Software
Open Journal Systems (OJS) (http://pkp.sfu.ca/?q=ojs)
Scholastica (scholasticahq.com)
BePress (https://www.bepress.com/editors.html)
Aries Editorial Manager (http://www.editorialmanager.com/)
Bench>Press (http://highwire.stanford.edu/publishers/benchpress.dtl)
ScholarOne (http://scholarone.com/products/manuscript/)
Engaging the Publishing Partner
Introductory meeting presentation: http://prezi.com/h4rori5gboc-/creating-a-new-journal-with-uls/
We provide:
• Hardware and software hosting services
• Advice on best practices in e-publishing
• Consultation on editorial workflow management
• Web-based training for editorial staff
• Graphic design services
• ISSN Registration
• Assignment of DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers)
• Assistance in establishing formal acceptance and recognition of the scholarly content
• Digital preservation through LOCKSS
Journal Proposal Form
Collects detailed information on which to base selection decision
Focus, scope, description of content
Justification of need
Credentials of Editorial Board
Description of review process
Based on self-sufficient editors
Editorial staff are expected to become self-sufficient by the time first issue is published
Editors are responsiblefor managing: – all content decisions– all processing workflow– all communication with
reviewers, authors, readers– all editing, including layout
Selection Criteria
Original scholarly content
Rigorous blind review process
Commitment to Open Access for content
Editorial Board of internationally recognized scholars
Publications Advisory Board
Includes leaders in scholarly publishing and Open Access issues
Provides strategic guidance and expertise for ULS digital publishing program
Assists in development of publication policies governing:– Selection and evaluation criteria for partners– Open Access and Creative Commons licensing– Cost recovery mechanisms
Exercise: evaluating journal proposals
Service Agreement
• Builds common understanding before problems occur
• Defines roles and responsibilities
• Identifies ULS as publisher of record
• Articulates policies on: • changes to published content/issuing errata • handling infringement claims, • publication schedule/continuity issues• long-term preservation
Author Copyright Agreement
• Comes in several flavors: – Immediate Open Access (standard)
CC BY
– Delayed Open Access (subscription-based) CC BY-NC-ND
• License terms are included in digital rights statement in article metadata
Author Copyright Agreement
• The author warrants that the work: – belongs to the author– is original– has not been submitted elsewhere– does not infringe others’ copyright
• Authors encouraged to deposit works in OA archives pre- and post-publication
• Permission to use third party content is the responsbility of the author
Creative Commons Licensing
Open Access alternative to “ALL RIGHTS RESERVED”
Standard licenses that make it easy for authors to share their work with some rights reserved
Allows authors to choose the terms of future use that balance between Open Access and protection of the author’s interests
Creative Commons:Licensing Terms
Attribution (BY) – must credit the author
No Derivatives (ND) – may reuse the work, but only unaltered from the original
Noncommercial (NC) – may not use for commercial purposes
ShareAlike (SA) – allows derivative works, but requires the same CC license terms be applied to any derivative works
Creative Commons: The 6 licenses
Attribution (CC BY)
Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
Attribution-NoDerivatives (CC BY-ND)
Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC)
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs(CC BY-NC-ND)
Choose the best CC license for the job
Some helpful tools:
https://creativecommons.org/choose/ (CC license chooser)
http://www.web2rights.com/OERIPRSupport/creativecommons/ (wizard on how to mix licenses)
http://opencontent.org/game/betagame.html (a game to practice mixing licenses)
Graphic Design Brief
• Defines the scope of graphic design possibilities
• Explains software design limitations
• Prepares the client to give input on design
• Defines publisher branding requirements
• Establishes process for client input and timeframe for design
Article Template Design Questionnaire
• Defines the look of each formatted article
• Echoes web site design
• Default is MS Word
• Includes publisher’s formatting and branding requirements
• complete citation including DOI must appear on each page
Design work
How much of the design do you want to be responsible for?
Do you have staff with the requisite skills at your disposal?
After the First Issue
Editors become self-sufficient in workflow management
Our focus shifts to promotion and indexing– Marketing– Press releases– Registration with abstracting/indexing services
Exercise: getting discovered
What techniques can you think of that could enhance discovery of your journal’s content?
Why is this important?
How will you know when you’ve been successful?
COSTS AND BUSINESS MODELSJournal Publishing
Business models for journal publishing
subscription model (toll access)
membership model
direct funding agency support
institutional subsidy (sponsorship)
supported by advertising
Business models for journal publishing: author fees
author fees – article processing charges– separate OA fees– may be paid by institution or funding agency– can be membership-based
hybrid journals – charge subscriptions PLUS OA author fees
Cost categories for journal publishing
Web-based hardware/software platform
Application software (manuscript submission/Web delivery, etc.)
Third party services (plagiarism detection, DOIs, XML)
Preparation of back issues (digitization & metadata)
Preservation (backup, curation, redundant storage)
Marketing and promotion
Staffing costs
Staffing for journal publishing
2.00 FTE OJS operations and customer support
0.25 FTE administration, partner relations, marketing
0.30 FTE graphic designers
0.50 FTE OJS sys admin
_____________________
3.05 FTE TOTAL
100% funded from internal reallocation of operating budget
Sustaining the Pitt journal publishing program
Open Access incentivized through subsidies(at least 50% discount)
Pitt journals discounted; student publications free
Includes base package, with additional services a la carte such as:– Domain registration– Document layout (per article charge)– XML conversion (per article charge)– Supplementary blog– Special design work & custom programming
Beyond journal publishing
Open Access Monographs
Institutional repositories
Subject-based repositories
Preprints archives
Conference proceedings
Supporting change in publishing models: Multiple approaches
OA journal publishing
OA Institutional Repository & deposit mandates
Support for other OA archives & conference hosting
Local OA awareness raising
OA advocacy through larger groups (LPC, OASPA)
Subsidy of OA author fees (COPE)
Support the development of Open Source publishing software
Thinking critically about OA publishing
Beall's List of Predatory OA Publishers
iAWFUL (Internet Advocates’ Watchlist for Ugly Laws)
Resources
COPE http://publicationethics.org/
LPC http://www.educopia.org/programs/lpc
PKP http://pkp.sfu.ca/
OASPA http://oaspa.org/
SPARC http://www.sparc.arl.org/
DOAJ http://www.doaj.org
SHERPA/ROMEO http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/
Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/
http://www.library.pitt.edu/e-journals
Questions?
Contact us
ULS Office of Scholarly Communication and Publishing
Twitter: @OSCP_Pitt
Tim Deliyannides, Director Twitter: @deliyannides
Lauren B. Collister, Electronic Publications AssociateTwitter: @parnopaeus