LESSON TENLESSON TEN

The Green BananaThe Green Banana Donald BatchelderDonald Batchelder

Background KnowledgeBackground Knowledge

The text is taken from Beyond Experience:

An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural

Education edited by Donald Batchelder

and Elizabeth G. Warner in 1974.

Oral WorkOral Work

• 1. Do you agree that the 21th century will see the bitter conflicts between the west culture and the east culture?

• 2. What do you think is the right attitude towards cultural differences?

Batchelder’s view on cross-cultural eduBatchelder’s view on cross-cultural educationcation

“If some of the goals of education in modern times are to open up possibilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world, it may be important to offer students a perspective on their own immediate center of the world by enabling them to participate sensitively as cross-cultural sojourners to the center of someone else’s world.”

Text StructureText Structure

• Part 1 (para 1-4) how people in a small Brazilian village helped to fix the aothor 's Jeep with green bananas and how the local people regarded their home village as the center of the world.

• Part II (para 5-8) what the author learned from his experience.

Language StudyLanguage Study

1 . encounter: n. [C] an occasion when you meet sb. or sth. unexpectedly 遭遇，遇见 e.g.

I can still remember my first encounter with Mary.

我还记得和玛丽的第一次见面。 v. e.g. to encounter an old friend / to en

counter risks

2. strain: to try very hard 竭力 e.g.

I still couldn’t hear angthing no matter how I strained my ears.

不管我如何竖起耳朵听，都什么也听不见。 I had to strain my eyes to see it.

我不得不睁大双眼去瞧。3. over-heated: 　 too hot 过热的 , e.g. over- heated eco

nomy, over-heated room, over-heated-discussion, etc.

The prefix “ over-” here means “too much”. E.g. overcooked, overdone, overdressed, oversleep, overestimated

4. consist of: include … as its main parts or aspects 包括……相似结构：由 …… 组成、构成 e.g.

The book consists of eight chapters.

The book is made up of eight chapters.

The book is composed of eight chapters.

这本书共有八章。 The school consists of 7 departments 学校共有 7 个系。 .

That area’s future weather pattern might consist of long, dry periods.

那个地区的未来天气可能是长时间的干燥天气。

5. jacket: here refers to a cover that protects certain machines, esp those that get very hot 　外壳

6. pat sb. on the shoulder= pat sb.’s shoulder 拍某人肩膀

Similarly we say : seize sb. by the arm ； hit sb. in the back ； knock sb. on the head ；wound sb. in the leg

7.assure sb. that…: to tell sb. that sth. is sure to happen or is definitely true

使某人相信、确信 e.g.

I can assure you that he will be all right.

我可以保证他会没事的。 He said he could assure me that the car

would be good for another 5 years.

他说他可以保证那辆车五年内性能良好。 I can assure you that this medicine cannot

harm you.

我可以保证这药不会对你有害。

8. work out: 1) to get better or resolved

改善、解 决 e.g.

Don’t worry, things will work out in the end.

别担心，事情最后会解决的。 This problem will not work out.

这个问题将不会得到解决。 They ’ve worked out a method of sending a

spaceship to Mars.

他们已经找出一个将飞船送到火星的办法。 2) to exercise 体育锻炼 e.g.

The champion is working out in the gym.

冠军正在体操馆锻炼。

9. though: ( not used at the beginning of a

clause) in spite of the fact;nevertheless …虽然但是 e.g.

It is hard work. I enjoy it though.

这工作是挺难，但我喜欢。

He’s a bad President. There is no reason , though, to shoot him.

他是个糟糕总统，但没有理由枪杀他。 The difference between “although” and “ though”

is that the former is always used as a con - junction , whereas the latter can also be used as an adverb , and as such can be placed at the end of a sentence or clause .

10.ignorance: lack of knowledge 无知、不

知 e.g.

We are in complete ignorance of his plan.

我们对于他的计划一无所知。

Ignore: take no notice of; refuse to take

notice of 不顾 ,不理 , 忽视 (有意识的） e.g.

ignore rude remarks ; be ignored by one’s

superiors; My advice was completely

ignored.

Variants:

ignorant: adj. unaware, knowing little or nothing

不知道的；无知的 e.g.

I am quite ignorant of what his plans are.

我完全不知道他的计划是什么。an ignorant replay/ conduct/ behavior

Compare:

neglect: pay no attention to/give no notice or not enough care to/ unconscious/unaware 忽略玩忽（粗心无意识造成的） e.g. neglect one’s studies/ children/ health neglect one’s duty 玩忽职守 Don’t neglect writing to your mother. 别忘了给你妈写信。 negligent: taking little care 不注意的 , 疏忽的 e.g. He is negligent of his duties. 他忽视了自己的责任。 He is negligent in his work. 他工作太随意了。 negligible: that needn’t be considered; of little or no importance or size 不重要的 e.g. a negligible quantity

11. rise up: to show above the surroundings ( 高出周围而 ) 耸起 e.g.

The building rises up in the sky.

12. in turn: in proper order 依次，轮流 e.g. Our parents take care of us when are young. And we in turn s

hould take care of them when thet are old. 年轻时父母父母照顾我们。转过来，他们年老时我们也应该照

顾他们。 Each generation will in turn deal with its own problems. 每一代人都同样要解决自己的问题。 Theory is based on practice and in turn services practice. 理论的基础是实践，转过来又为实践服务。

13.as if: with the appearance of ; apparently 好像，似乎 e.g. Notice the different patterns in which it is used : He looked as if he had seen a ghost . ( followed by a clau

se ) 他看起来象见到鬼一样。 She cleared her throat as if to speak . ( followed by an inf

initive ) 她清了一下嗓子好象有话要说。 He was standing by the window as if waiting for somebod

y . ( followed by a present partici - ple ) 他站在窗前好象在等人。

14.call for: to need or require 需要 e.g. Those poor areas call for our special attention . 那些贫困地区需要特别关注。 I don’t think the situation calls for any alarm . 我认为形势并不需要惊慌。 From that time on , he no longer spoke to me . That was c

ompletely uncalled for . ( uncalled for : not necessary or right )

从那时开始，他不在和我说话。真是没理由。 The occasion calls for prompt action. 这种场合需要立即行动。

call sb./ sth. up: telephone to / bring back to mind/ summon for military service打电话 / 回忆 / 召入伍 e.g.

I will call you up the morning.If the war breaks out, we shall be called up at

once. 如果战争爆发，我们将会被立即征召入伍。call by: visit briefly when passing house 顺便拜访call on/upon sb.: make a short visit to 短暂拜访call on/ upon sb. to do sth.: require sb. 要求恳请呼吁号召 call off: to cause not take place 取消，停止，放弃 e.g. You’d better call the deal off. The football match was called off due to the fog

15.on sb.’s part: by sb. 在（某人）方面　 e.g.

The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his.

我这方面遵守了协议，但他没有。 Old parents should try to be independent . Young peo

ple should take more care of them on their part .

年长的父母应该尽量不依赖子女。就年轻人来说，应该关心他们。

What can we do on our part to improve the situation ?

对我们来说，我们能够做什么去改善局面？

16. armful : used as a noun here, not an adjective 一抱之量　 e.g.

She brought in an armful of fresh flowers from the garden.

她从花园里拿了一抱鲜花近来。Similarly we say :a handful of fascists; a spoonful of sugar; a roomful of young people

17. cut end: past participle used as attributive断口处 e.g.

a heated discussion / a forced smile / spoken English / / a broken car / a marked place / anas - tonished look / educated people / an experienced doctor / used books / a torn iacket / married people / clenched fists / wounded soldiers / the tied end / pressed hair / a calculated move

18. in case: for fear that; because…might happen 以防；可能 e.g.

Take a raincoat in case it rains .

带把伞吧，可能下雨。Give him a call in case he doesn ’t know .

打个电话给他，他可能不知道。In case you can ’t find your way , you can always ask the policeman for help . ( Here “ in case ” simply means “if ” )

如果你找不到路，可以请求警察帮助。

19.As a product of American education,…

As someone educated in the US, (1 naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana ) Notice the humorous , self - - mocking tone .

20. regard sth. as sth.: to consider in a stated way 把某物当作… e.g,

She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in our country.

她被认为是我们国家最优秀的作家之一。

21.meet one’s need: to satisfy one’s need 满足某人需要（要求） e.g.

Does this meet your hopes?

Their new model of car is so popular that they have had to open a new factory to meet the needs.

他们车的新样式如此受欢迎以至于他们必须开一家新厂来满足需求。

22. reflect on ： to consider carefully 仔细考虑 e.g.

I must reflect on how to answer this question.

I have been refleting on this matter.

23. in relation to: concerning 关于某事I have nothing to say in relation to the quality of these goods.关于这些货物的质量我没有什么可说的。relate vi. 涉及，有关relate to: to concern; to be directed towards 有关，针对 e.g. The cost relates directly to the amount of time spent on the job. 费用与工作所耗的时间直接相关。

related ： adj. connected 有联系的， 相关的 e.g. His heart attack could be related to his car crash last year. 他的心脏病发作与去年的车祸有关。relative adj. 相关的， 相对的，比较的

n. 亲戚，亲属relation n. 关系，联系 ;家属，亲属relativity n. 相对性， 相关性

24. It took me a litlte longer to fully grasp the importance of the rock which the villagers belived marked the center of the world.It took me a litlte longer to: 我花了更多的时间去…

Students are supposed to drill the pattern “ it takes sb. time to do sth.” by using the followint substitutes: How long did it take you to finish the book ? How long does it take you to 90 to your hometown ? How Iong will it take us to complete the railway to Tibet ? How long will it take to bring water from the Yangtze River to the Yellow River ?“the villagers believed” is a parenthesis. It gives the source of the statement in the which-clause and limits the statement to only its believers.

25. … as I knew for a fact that the center was located somewhere else in New England.

The author obviously was born and brought up in New England . Therefore he had always regarded it as the center of the world

Notice the humor in the use of the word " fact " and the mention of his grandfather just like that mechanic in Brazil

26. to tend to: vi. have a tendency 有…之势 e.g. Jane tends to get angry if you annoy her.如果惹恼她， Jane很容易生气。

People tend to gain weight on holidays. 假日里人民容易长胖。

vt. 照顾护理 e.g.She tended her husband lovingly during his long illness.在丈夫生病期间，她满怀爱心地照料他。

tendency: n. 趋势 e.g.She’s always had the tendency to be fat.她总是容易长胖。

compare ：intend v. 想要 , 打算

intend to do sth.

intention: a plan or purpose 意图，打算 e.g.

I’ve no intention of changing my plans 我没有改变注意的想法。

27. to dawn on: no pass.to become gradully known by (someone) 逐渐明白，了解 e.g.

It dawned on me where I had seen him. 我终于想起我在哪见过他。

28. in a certain sense: when considered from only one point of view 从某种意义上来说 e.g.

You are right in a certain sense, but you don’t know all the facts.

从某种意义上来说，你是对的，但你并不知道所有的事实。

HomeworkHomework

1. quiz set by the teachers

2. exercises after the text

3. discuss the whole psychological process Hawking went through after he received the fatal news