Test Taking Skills & Strategies:History

Lesson Objectives:

You will review the following content areas

*The Enlightenment

*Industrialization

*Imperialism

*20th Century Conflict

*The United States in the 20th Century

EnlightenmentWhat: Time of revolutionary ideas in politics, economics,

andreligion.

When: 1700-1800s

Where: Europe

Who: Enlightenment thinkers influenced one another and shaped

many future events.*Thomas Hobbes: Political theory based on absolute

power*John Locke: Political theory based on power to the people*Isaac Newton: Discovered gravity, invented Calculus*Montesquieu: Separation of Powers in Government*Voltaire: Believed in freedom of religion, freedom of

expression*Rousseau: Social Contract: people gave the governmentpermission to rule.*Adam Smith: Theory of economics

IndustrializationWhat: Economies became dominated by industry and

machinemanufacture. Developments in agriculture, transportation

andcommunication created a lasting impact on the way worldcultures interacted, and lifestyles changed dramatically.

When: Late 1700s-1800s

Where: Europe and United States

Technology Developments during the Industrial Revolution:

*Steam Power*Textile Mills/Factories*Assembly lines*Improvements in farming*Improvements in Transpiration*Railroads

ImperialismWhat: Powerful nations such as the United State and

mostcountries in Europe began to colonize less powerful

nationsaround the world. They did this for three main reasons:

1.Economic: Capitalism required raw materials and new markets

to sell goods and service.

2. Political: The Governments wanted world power

3. Social: cultural and religious beliefs persuaded powerful nations

to spread their beliefs to other countries.

When: Late 1800s

Where: the United States and Powerful European Nations began

taking over less powerful nations across the globe.

WWI When World War I came to an end on November 11, 1918, the Central Powers were defeated and the political and social organizations of Europe were forever changed.

*WWI contributed to a worldwide economic depression*Rise of totalitarianism:

*Fascist dictatorship in Italy under Benito Mussolini (1922);*Nazi dictatorship in Germany under Adolf Hitler (1933);*Militaristic imperialism in Manchuria under the Japanese (beginning in 1932).

*President Wilson’s Fourteen Points as an influence on the Paris Peace Conference:

*Guaranteeing freedom of the seas*Removing international trade barriers*Creation of the League of Nations to handle disputes between nations.

WWII & the Cold WarWWII*Atomic Weapons

*Civilian Loss & Military Losses: 55 million deaths

*The Holocaust and its impact: 5.6-5.9 million Jews in Europe were killed.

The Cold WarAfter WWII Europe tried to rebuild while the United States could again focus on strengthening its economy and its worldwide markets. Two major powers emerged from the aftermath of World War II: The United States and its capitalist economy, and the Soviet Union and its communist system. The two powers engaged in a conflict known as the Cold War.

Soon after the Cold War began, the two powers aimed to control as much of world as possible.

Domestic Affairs in the United States during the 20th Century1920s, 30s, 40s*Red Scare*Women’s right to vote*Car Industry & mass production*Unions vs. Big Businesses*Consumerism*Buying on credit*Stock Market Crash*Mass advertising*Jazz music*Harlem Renaissance*Prohibition*Ku Klux Klan*Birth of organized Crime*New DealPractice Test Questions: 1, 6, 8, 12, 17, 23, 26, 28, 31, 37