Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the ...
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Industrialization and Imperialism: The Making of the European Global Order
AP World History
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Industrialization leads to Imperialism
Imperialism is the domination of one country by another: politically, economically, and socially. The age of imperialism ran from the 1800’s until WWI. European countries were in competition with one another: England, France, Germany, Spain, Belgium, and Portugal were all seeking new colonies. Why?
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1. Industrial Revolution
– Need for raw materials– Desire for exotic goods– New markets for products
2. Opportunity– Citizens search for
new opportunities– Desire to “strike it rich”– Make a name
3. Civilizing-- Missionaries: spread Christianity -- Make colonials more “civilized”-- Change people: customs,
language, beliefs, traditions
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Land Empires Shift to Asia
• Dutch and British East India Companies
• Dutch drawn into conflict and gained land on Java
• British drawn into conflicts in India and gained land
– Seven Years War in India (British EIC defeat French at Plassey)
– Sepoys and local rule
– India became goods outlet
supplier of raw materials
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European Society In India and Java
• Asian societies left in place
• Europeans highest class in hierarchy
• Accommodated to local culture
• Often intermarried
• Established Western schools
• Colonial middle-class developed-would later seek control of their own destiny
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Colonial Social Reform
• Corruption led to administrative reforms– Sepoy Rebellion 1865 ended EIC rule– End of Mughal Empire– New British Raj
• Religious revival worked to end abuses and slave trade• Indians excluded from administration• British sought to remake Indian society along Western
lines– Ended sati– Western education and
language was key
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Industrial Rivalries 1870-1914
• Economic and industrial rivalries-England dominates
• New arms race and alliances develop
– Railroads
– Machine gun
– Steam ships
✓All contribute to European dominance
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European Colonial World
• “Tropical Dependencies”– Africa, Asia and S. Pacific
• Few Europeans rule many indigenous people
• “Settlement Colonies”1. White dominions
• Canada, Australia
2. Contested settler Colonies• S. Africa, Algeria, N. Zealand, Kenya, Hawaii
– Clashed over control and differences
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Social Relations/Economic Changes
• Segregated
• Racial superiority
• Hierarchy
• “White Man’s Burden”-Kipling
• Harsher working conditions
• Dependency
• Pushed inland
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South Africa
• Afrikaners resisted British effort to end slavery
• Moved inland into Bantu areas
• Instability leads to British involvement
• Afrikaners independent until gold and diamonds found
• British defeat Afrikaners (1902)
• but place native people
under Afrikaner control
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Pacific
• New Zealand
– Maori devastated by disease, cultural disruption and warfare
– Farming, herding introduced-exported timber
– Faced extinction
– Converted to Christianity
– Multiracial society
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Pacific
• Hawaii
• James Cook 1770’s
• Kamehameha accepted Western influence
• Royalty takes on European ways
• Protestant Christian conversion, schools, customs
• Disease decimates
• Americans and Asians arrive-annexed 1872