Exercise and FitnessLvl 2

Lesson 3

Skeletal System

Session 3 Aims & Objectives• Recap of session 2 – Joints in Action

• Label and explain the functions of the Vertebral Column

• Identify the long and short term effects of exercise on the skeletal system

• Skeletal System - Revision Workshop

WHAT IS THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN?

• Also called the spine, used for posture, movement, stability & protection.

• Strong and flexible structure and one of its primary roles is to protect the spinal cord since any damage can cause considerable problems

• Made up of 33 bones, some allow for movement at the joints where the bones fit together, some allow for no movement at all

• Discs are between these joints and act as shock absorbers

The Vertebral Column

What are the main functions?

Answer:

• 1. Protection of the spinal chord

• 2. Attachment of Ribs

• 3. Attachment of muscles

• 4. To allow a wide range of movement although each vertebrae only moves a small distance.

What are the vertebrae called?There are 33 bones in the vertebral column

CERVICAL (7)THORACIC (12)LUMBAR (5)SACRUM (5) (FUSED) COCCYX (4) (FUSED)

CTLSC = 7,12,5,5,4(Cats Tongue Licks Some Cream!!!)

Vertebral Column • The “S” Shape of the

spine allows for absorption of impact, e.g. during sport

• Mainly the lumbar region of the spine which absorbs the impact and this area is where many back problems are located

Vertebral Column

Category

Number of

Vertebrae

Movement

Cervical 7 Yes

Thoracic 12 Limited, creates a stable structure for organs

Lumbar 5 Lumbar vertebrae are moveable

Sacrum 5 Fused, no movement

Coccyx 4 Fused, no movement

Lets look at this type of vertebrae and think about its use in sport.

• CERVICAL- THE VERTEBRAE THAT MAKE UP THE NECK REGION (THE TOP TWO ARE THE ATLAS AND AXIS)

EXAMPLES

Look at these vertebrae and recognise the difference.

The Pelvic Girdle• The coccyx and

sacrum region of the

spine sit perfectly within

the pelvic girdle

• The pelvic girdle is

made up of the illium,

pubis symphysis

& ischium

Activity 1

• Now complete the worksheet 5 labelling the 5 regions of the spine, detailing how many vertebrae are in each region.

Short Term Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal

• Increased production of Synovial fluid

• Cartilage temporarily swells as it absorbs synovial fluid

Long Term Effects of Exercise

• Increased bone density – bones get thicker and stronger

• Reduced risk of Osteoporosis

• Increased mineral storage

• Increased red blood cell production

• Ligaments become stronger

• Tendons become stronger

• Increased number of capillaries