Lesson 1. obligation and contract
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Transcript of Lesson 1. obligation and contract
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Obligation and Contract
Law 1Vhonz Sugatan
InstructorPOWER School of technology
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What is Obligation and Contract?
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OBLIGATION
Article 1156
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CONTRACT
Article 1305
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
1. Active Subject
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
2. Passive Subject
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
3. Object
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
4. Efficient Cause
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ELEMENT OF OBLIGATION
Example:
JohnPeter
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CONCEPT OF PRESENTATION
A Presentation is an OBLIGATION;
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CONCEPT OF PRESENTATION
Giving a thing
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CONCEPT OF PRESENTATION
Doing a thing
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CONCEPT OF PRESENTATION
Not doing
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Mataas na Lupa Tenants Association v. Carlos Dimayuga and Juliana Diego Vda.
De GabrielL-32049, June 25, 1984
Under P.D. 1517, tenants-lessees are given pre-emptive or preferential rights if they have occupied the land or lot for over ten (10) years.
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Mataas na Lupa Tenants Association v. Carlos Dimayuga and Juliana Diego Vda.
De GabrielL-32049, June 25, 1984
The owner has this obligation to grant said preference. Thus he cannot sell to a third person without first offering the same to the lessee.
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Mataas na Lupa Tenants Association v. Carlos Dimayuga and Juliana Diego Vda.
De GabrielL-32049, June 25, 1984
If the latter renounces said right, the waiver must be in a public instrument.
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
1. SANCTION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
A. Civil Obligation
TYPES OF SANCTION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
B. Natural Obligation
TYPES OF SANCTION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
C. Moral Obligation
TYPES OF SANCTION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
2. SUBJECT-MATTER
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A. Real Obligation
TYPES OF SUBJECT-MATTER
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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B. Personal Obligation
TYPES OF SUBJECT-MATTER
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
3. AFFIRMATIVENESS & NEGATIVENESS
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A. Positive Obligation
TYPES OF AFFIRMATIVENESS & NEGATIVENESS
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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B. Negative Obligation
TYPES OF AFFIRMATIVENESS & NEGATIVENESS
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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KINDS OF OBLIGATION
4. PERSONS OBLIGED
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A. Unilateral Obligation
TYPES OF PERSONS OBLIGED
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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B. Bilateral Obligation
TYPES OF PERSONS OBLIGED
KINDS OF OBLIGATION
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CASE SAMPLE
FACTS: A wife was about to deliver a child. Her parents in law called the doctor.
Pelayo v. Lauron 12 Phil. 453 (BAR)
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CASE SAMPLE
ISSUE: Who should pay the Doctor, the husband or the parents?
Pelayo v. Lauron 12 Phil. 453 (BAR)
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CASE SAMPLE
ANSWER: The husband should pay, even if was not the one who called the doctor.
Pelayo v. Lauron 12 Phil. 453 (BAR)
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CASE SAMPLE
ANSWER: It is his duty to support the wife, and support includes medical attendance.
Pelayo v. Lauron 12 Phil. 453 (BAR)
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CASE SAMPLE
ANSWER: The duty to pay is an obligation to give, and is imposed by the law.
Pelayo v. Lauron 12 Phil. 453 (BAR)
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CASE SAMPLE
FACTS: A municipal mayor, upon assumption of office arbitrarily dismissed a corporal in the police force of the municipality.
Joaquin P. Nemenzo v.
Bernabe SabillanoL-20977, Sept. 7, 1968
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CASE SAMPLE
FACTS: Without due investigation.
Joaquin P. Nemenzo v.
Bernabe SabillanoL-20977, Sept. 7, 1968
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CASE SAMPLE
ISSUE: Is the Mayor personally liable?
Joaquin P. Nemenzo v.
Bernabe SabillanoL-20977, Sept. 7, 1968
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CASE SAMPLE
ANSWER: Yes!
Joaquin P. Nemenzo v.
Bernabe SabillanoL-20977, Sept. 7, 1968
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CASE SAMPLE
ANSWER: Yes!
Joaquin P. Nemenzo v.
Bernabe SabillanoL-20977, Sept. 7, 1968
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Leonides Pengson v. Court of Appeals
G.R. No. L-65622, June 29, 1984
If the owner of certain shares should pledge the same to his creditor, and later said owner sells his shares to a third person, the creditor cannot be compelled to surrender the share certificates to the buyer, and this refusal will not invalidate the sale.
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OBLIGATION
Article 1157
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SOURCE OF OBLIGATION
1. Law
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SOURCE OF OBLIGATION
2. Contracts
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SOURCE OF OBLIGATION
3. Quasi-Contracts
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SOURCE OF OBLIGATION
4. Crimes or Acts or Omissions Punished by Law
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SOURCE OF OBLIGATION
5. Quasi-Delicts
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Criticism about the Law
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Criticism about the Law
1. Law
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Criticism about the Law
2. Contracts
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Exclusiveness
The enumeration by the law is exclusive, hence, no obligation exist if its source is not one of those enumerated under Art. 1157.
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OBLIGATION
Article 1158
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Thank You!
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QUIZ