LENScience Teacher Professional Development Seminar Series · Development Seminar held on Tuesday...
Transcript of LENScience Teacher Professional Development Seminar Series · Development Seminar held on Tuesday...
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This PowerPoint was prepared for a LENScience Teacher Professional Development Seminar held on Tuesday 17th March 2010.
Images in this presentation are either:– used under licence from iStockphoto.com– used under licence from photos.com– are original images owned and created by the Liggins Institute or
Nutrigenomics New Zealand
Education Materials © Liggins Institute 2010http://lens.auckland.ac.nz
LENScience Teacher Professional Development Seminar SeriesNutrigenomics in the Classroom
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LENScience Teacher Professional Development Series 2010
Nutrigenomics in the ClassroomJacquie Bay, Michal Denny, Lynn Ferguson
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Teacher Professional Development Series 2010
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LENScienceCONNECT
SCHOOLS
SCHOOLS
SCHOOLS
SCHOOLS
SCIENTISTS
SCIENCE
EDUCATION
SCIENCE&
TECHNOLOGY
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Teacher PD Series 2010Regional Venues
100 NZ schools and growing…
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Nutrigenomics – What, why and how? Lynn Ferguson
An appropriate context for teaching? Michal Denny
Folate: A controversial biological issue for NZ Lynn Ferguson
Curriculum, Assessment and Support Michal Denny
Question and Answer Session Jacquie Bay
Live Chat throughout the workshop Helen Mora
Matt Barnett
Technical Support Anna Lehmann
Nutrigenomics in the Classroom
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Nutrigenomics
The study of the response of humans to food and food components
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Different Elements of Nutrigenomics
Effect of a genotype on health and disease risk in
people with differentenvironmental exposures
Effect of an environmental exposure on health and disease
risk in people with different genotypes
Ottman, Prev. Med 25, 764 (1996)
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To develop foods that can be matched to individual human
genotypes to benefit the health of those individuals and enhance
normal physiological processes.
The Goal of Nutrigenomics New Zealand
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Genetics Epigenetics Genomics Proteomics Metabolomics
Studying Nutrigenomics
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Genetics
The study of human variabilityMethods◦ SNP detection
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Genetics
The study of human variabilityMethods◦ SNP detection◦ Copy number variant detection
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Genetics
The study of human variabilityMethods◦ SNP detection◦ Copy number variant detection◦ Gene Chips
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Genetics
The study of human variabilityMethods◦ SNP detection◦ Copy number variant detection◦ Gene Chips◦ DNA Sequencing
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Epigenetics The study of heritable changes in gene
function that occur without a change in the sequence of nuclear DNA.◦ X Chromosome inactivation◦ Gene silencing
Mechanisms ◦ DNA methylation◦ Chromosome remodeling
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Genomics
The study of genomes◦ Patterns of Gene Expression
Biotechnological Techniques◦ Microarrays ◦ Gene Expression Verification via PCR◦ Bioinformatics
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Proteomics
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Proteomics
• Human genome • 30,000 genes that generate about
500,000 proteins.• Linear association between the genome,
transcriptome and proteome does not exist.• Using a “multi-omics” approach is
important.
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qPCR
Colon tissue
Proteomics
)Microarrays
RNA extraction Protein extraction
Histology
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qPCR
Colon tissue
Proteomics
)Microarrays
RNA extraction Protein extraction
Histology
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qPCR
Colon tissue
Proteomics
)Microarrays
RNA extraction Protein extraction
Histology
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Biomarker discovery• Effects of foods on metabolism• Metabolite markers showing effects of foods on our
health
Metabolomics
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Biomarker discovery• Effects of foods on metabolism• Metabolite markers showing effects of foods on our
health
Metabolomics
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Nutrigenomics Capability
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Collaborative Research Programme
Currently funded by the New Zealand government through the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology
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Curriculum
Factors Influencing Choice of Teaching Context
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Curriculum
Factors Influencing Choice of Teaching Context
Resource Access
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Curriculum
Factors Influencing Choice of Teaching Context
Resource Access
Relevance to Society
Culture of Science
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Folate Debate
Links Curriculum Concepts
Can Be Assessed
Accessible Resources
Student Interest
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Relevant Contextual Learning Experiences
Non-Contextual Learning Experiences
Passive Learning Experiences
Active Learning Experiences
Transformational Learning
Students encounter the
culture of science
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What is folate? Why do we need folate in the diet? Why do some people need more than
others? Folic acid fortification – an easy or
complex answer?
The Folate Debate
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B-group Vitamin Source – diet (cannot be synthesised within
the human body) Essential for synthesis of nucleic acids Enzyme co-factor Involved in synthesis, function, and repair of
DNA
Folate
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• Green Vegetables• Citrus Fruits• Dietary Supplements
Where is folate found in the diet• Whole Grain
Cereals & Breads• Nuts and Pulses
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Folate and Neural Tube Defectshttp://w
ww.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/S
pinaBifida-graphic.htm
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Folate and Neural tube Defects
~50 NZ children per year born or terminated with NTD
US ~ 4,000 neural tube defects per year(Live births, ignores terminations)
Occur at 26-28 days post-conception
95% are spontaneous with no family history
1991 UK study showed 71% risk reduction in recurrences (4mg dose) (ref)
In 1999 US Study 85% reduction in risk for primary prevention (0.4mg dose) (Nov 1999 NEJM)
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Cardiovascular Disease Cancer Brain Health
Neural Tube Defects are not the only issue
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Biomarkers as risk indicators
Premature Atherosclerotic Heart Disease Cancer Brain Health
High Levels of Homocysteine
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Biomarkers as risk indicators
Low Levels of Homocysteine
High Levels of Homocysteine
Folate with Vit B6/B12
+favourable genetics
DNA &CellularDamage
Good Cellular Function
Low Risk of Disease
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What is the situation in NZ
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What is the situation in NZ
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Age-adjusted U.S.A. colorectal cancer incidence, 1996-2002, SEER database
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent 2007:16: 1325-9
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Age-adjusted U.S.A. colorectal cancer incidence, 1996-2002, SEER database
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent 2007:16: 1325-9
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Age-adjusted U.S.A. colorectal cancer incidence, 1996-2002, SEER database
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prevent 2007:16: 1325-9
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
A/A A/B B/B
TSER polymorphism and folate intake
Low FolateHigh FolateO
dds
Rat
io
Genotype Variant
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0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
A/A A/B B/B
TSER polymorphism and folate intake
Low FolateHigh FolateO
dds
Rat
io
Genotype Variant
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Bakers and Millers
Traditional Dieticians
Clinicians
Free choice
People and families at high risk of
dementia or cardiovascular disease
Families who have suffered the consequences
of NTD (Children or Termination)
A controversial issue for New Zealand
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Bruce Ames Cornelia Ulrich Michael Fenech
Key scientists in the Field
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Curriculum◦ Nature of Science◦ Living World
Assessment◦ AS 90714◦ AS 90769
Resource Support
Curriculum, Assessment and Support
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LENScience Connect © Liggins Institute, University of Auckland 2010
Producer / DirectorDave Hedge
Multicast Robert HamiltonTechnical Manager
Darren TinklerProduction AssistantJamie McCarthy
CameraPaul Richards, Kenneth Sands, Mike Matheson
SoundAndrew Lovrin,
Wiki-chatHelen Mora; Anna Lehmann; Matt Barnett
Writers / PresentersJacquie Bay; Michal Denny; Lynn Ferguson
LENScience Connect is Funded by theNational Research Centre for Growth and DevelopmentThis programme was made possible by funding from the
REANNZ KAREN Capability Build Fund 2009