Legal Medicine - Abortion, Birth and Infanticide

8/21/2019 Legal Medicine - Abortion, Birth and Infanticide

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ABORTIONABORTION BIRTHBIRTHandand

INFANTICIDEINFANTICIDE

ABORTIONABORTION BIRTHBIRTHandand

INFANTICIDEINFANTICIDE



Concepts of Abortion:

• Expulsion of thecontents of agravid uterusanytime before

full term

• Forcible expulsionof the products ofconception beforethe age of viability

AGE OF VIABILI!"

fetus is potentially ableto live outside the

mother’s womb albeitwith respiratory aid



Legal Concept of Abortion:

# willful killing ofthe fetus in theuterus, or violentexpulsion of thefetus from thematernal wombwhich results in

the death of thefetus.



clinical types of abortion:

missed abortion $ ovum is destroyed byhemorrhage into the choriospace

threatened abortion – hemorrhage %ithoutdilatation of the cervical os

inevitable abortion – hemorrhage %ith

dilatation of the internal os andpresence of rhythmical pain



&A'(E( of ABO)IO* abnormality of

the uterus

fetal death

emotional

instability

abortifacient

drugs

hormonal

deficiency trauma

hyperpyrexic

diseases



complete abortion

◦ he %hole

product ofconception isexpelled

incomplete abortion

◦ *ot all productsof conceptionare expelled

from the uterus



The crie of abortion !n"er theRE#I$ED %ENAL CODE



Art& '(): INTENTIONAL

ABORTIONElements:

◦ Woman is pregnant

◦ That violence was applied, or drug was administered

◦ That the fetus dies or is expelled

◦ That the offender has the intention



Art& '(*: +NINTENTIONAL

ABORTION

Elements"

◦ Woman is pregnant

◦ Violence was appliedon her without the

intention of aborting

her

◦ Abortion resulted

from the violence



Art& '(,: ABORTION %RACTICED B- THE.O/AN HER$ELF OR B- HER %ARENT$

Elements:

◦ the woman ispregnant

◦ abortion is intended

to be committed

as induced by:

◦

the woman herself◦ other persons with

consent of the woman

◦ parents of the woman

for the purpose ofconcealing dishonor



Art. 259: ABORTION PRACTICED BY A

PHYSICIAN OR MIDWIFE AND

DISPENSING OF ABORTIVES

• The woman is pregnant

• The physician induced or

assisted in causing the

abortion with the use of

scientific knowledge

•

There was intent



0in"s of Abortion

spontaneousspontaneous

inducedinduced

◦ TherapeuticTherapeutic

◦ riminalriminal



1ro!n"s for THERA%E+TIC ABORTION

cardiovascular condit!ons

renal conditions

advanced koch"sblood conditions and severe anemia

gynecological conditions

diabetes, exopthalmic goiterhereditary insanity



LE1AL 2+$TIFICATION to THERA%E+TIC ABORTION

ART& 334 No& 54 R%C

◦ An6 person 7ho4 in or"er to a8oi" an e8il orin9!r64 "oes an act 7hich ca!ses "aage toanother4 pro8i"e" that the & re;!isites arepresent:

◦ That the e8il so!ght to be a8oi"e" act!all6 e<ists

◦ The in9!r6 feare" be greater than that "one toa8oi" it



$afeg!ar"s in perforing THERA%E+TICABORTION

Licensed +hysician

+erformed to savethe life of the

mother

,ust be performedopenly in a

hospital setting

(ecure the

opinions of otherphysicians

Enlightened or

Expressed&onsent



.h6 Do .oen %roc!re Abortion

-. o preserve life and health

/. o terminate prematurelyillegitimate pregnancy inorder to conceal dishonor

0. Financial di1culty

2. o preserve body form



HO. ABORTION I$ IND+CED

#E$E%A& V!'&E$E

Severe pressureon theabdomen

Violent exercises

CuppingLeeches

&'A& V!'&E$E

Warm and cold douche

Inection of !uid intothe uterine cavit"

Luminaria or tangletent

Insertion of soft rubber Instrumentation



.h6 is it "i=c!lt to prosec!te %h6sicians >

3& The crie is perfore" clan"estinel6

'& The ph6sician a6 ha8e se8eral e"icalreasons to 9!stif6 the proce"!re

?& The corp!s "elicti is easil6 "iscar"e"

5& The 7oan herself is in conni8ance 7iththe ph6sician

(& L!@e7ar attit!"e of the e"ical

societ6 to assist the state



2!stication of ABORTION LA.$

Life begins fro theoent of conception

In a pre"oinantl6

Catholic societ64 abortionis consi"ere" sinf!l4 illicitan" contrar6 to the tenets&

1o" create" an an" Healone can "estro6 it



LIBERALIT- OF ABORTION LA.$

• The rich can aor" a clan"estine4 illegal b!tsafe abortion as against the poor perforingit !n"er highris@ sit!ations

• $tatistics sho7 that chil"ren born res!ltingfro th7arte" abortion en" !p entall6 an"ph6sicall6 ipaire"

• It 8iolates a 7oans right of pri8ac6

• %re"ictabilit6 of fetal stat!s

• The abortion tren" is in consonance 7ithsol8ing o8erpop!lation



BI)3BI)3



LE1AL $I1NIFICANCE OF BIRTH:

• Art( )*, $ Art( )*, $ – +irth determines

personality but the

conceived child shall beconsidered born for allpurposes that are favorable to it, provided it be bornlater with the conditions

specified in the ff( article(



Art( )-, $.or civil purposes, the fetusis considered born if it isalive at the time it iscompletely delivered from

the mother"s womb(/owever, if the fetus had anintra0uterine life of lessthan 1 months, it is notdeemed born if it dies within

2) hrs( after its delivery(



Art( 13*, $

Every donation inter vivos

made by a person having no

children4 may be revokedor reduced4 if the donor,after the donation, haschildren, even though theybe posthumous(



Concepts of BIRTH:

5E6!!$E:The entire delivery of

a child with or without its

separation from the body

of the mother

It is not necessar6that the cor" sho!l"ha8e been c!t or theplacenta e<pelle"

The cessation ofthe s6biotic

relation bet7eenother an" fet!s



$TILL BIRTH$TILL BIRTH

4hen the child hasnot breathed or hasnot sho%n any signsof life after beingcompletely born

• A78E8:

– !mmaturity

– ongenital diseases – 6ebilitating

diseases

– 6isease of the

generative organ – Accidents in 6elivery

– Violence



LI#E BIRTH• +)OOF( of LIFE"

–

/eart activity – 5ovement and crying – %espiration

• chest arching• fall of the level of

the diaphragm• lung expansion" overlapping heart

and thymus gland voluminous and

mottled

crepitations %ithfroth ,arble loo5

!n &AW, the presumption!n &AW, the presumption

is every newborn childis every newborn childfound dead was bornfound dead was born

dead(dead(



H-DRO$TATIC TE$T

• FO6E)E7( test

• (AI& test!ntroduction of air into!ntroduction of air into

the lungs will lower thethe lungs will lower the

specific gravityspecific gravity

• En0+ulk immersion

• 9iece05eal immersion

•

uery: What aboutputrefaction;



.hen is H-DRO$TATIC TE$T not necessar6>

!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days

5onster fetus5onster fetus

8eparated umbilical cord8eparated umbilical cordicatri=ed umbilicusicatri=ed umbilicus

oagulated milk in the stomachoagulated milk in the stomach

!ntrauterine fetal maceration!ntrauterine fetal maceration

!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days!ntra0uterine life of less than -<* days

5onster fetus5onster fetus

8eparated umbilical cord8eparated umbilical cord

icatri=ed umbilicusicatri=ed umbilicus

oagulated milk in the stomachoagulated milk in the stomach

!ntrauterine fetal maceration!ntrauterine fetal maceration



E8+A*6E6

$aller 8ol!e$harpl6pro9ecte" e"ges

be6on" th6!s an" heart+nifor "ar@ color or

p!rplish gra6$oli" feelOn section4 8er6 little

bloo" e<!"es5()( gs&H6"rostatic test G

/icro: collapse" air sacs

'*E8+A*6E6

• 1reater 8ol!e• E"ges ro!n"e" an"

co8ers the th6!s an"heart

• Bright 8erilion an"ottle" l!ngs

• $pong6 an" crepitant• Bloo"staine" froth6

ser! e<!"es ons;!eeing

•

J – 34 gs&• H6"rostatic test GK• /icro: e<pan"e" air sacs



Other TE$T$:

• 'n still0born: stomachonly contains mucous

• After respiration: mucous,

air bubbles and saliva

(O,A&39BO4ELE(

FLOAAIO* E(

+%E8&A7"8 8E'$6

&!.E test4)E6I*7( E(""

i""le ear is lle" 7ithgelatino!s4 ebr6onicconnecti8e tiss!e

• (5in $ bright redin color

•

Vital reactions inmar5s ofviolence



$igns of at!rit6 of the chil" AT BIRTH:

• Length ( c&M .eight ? @g&

• Lan!go absentM bo"6 pl!p

• #erni< caseosaM no facial 7rin@les• Hair abo!t ' in& long

• Fingernails pro9ect4 toenails no

• Testic!lar "escent on one or both

• #!l8a close" b6 labia

• Lo7er en" of fe!r sho7sossication b6 abo!t &) c&



NEONATICIDE



Art. 255, RPC: INFANTICIDEthe @illing of a chil" less than ? "a6s ol"

%enalt6 ipose":

◦ +arricide :Art. /2;<

◦

,urder :Art. /2=<

• Lesser penalty ifcommitted by themother to conceal

her dishonor• Or by the maternal

grandparents> or either



/oti8es for coittingINFANTICIDE:

o conceal family dishonor

Financial constraints

Ine?ective family planning

&ongenital abnormality

+arental mental abnormality

Belief of @arma



Ho7 the crie of INFANTICIDE iscoitte":

'mission or $eglect

◦ Fail!re to ligate the!bilical cor"

◦ to protect the chil"fro heat or col"

◦ to sec!re e"icalor parae"ical help

◦ to fee"

◦ Acci"ental s!ocation

ommission

◦ Inicting ph6sicalin9!ries

◦ Deliberate e<pos!reto heat or col"

◦ Dro7ning4s!ocation or

strang!lation◦ %oisoning

◦ B!rning

Legal Medicine - Abortion, Birth and Infanticide

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