Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7835

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7835Commenced Publication in 1973Founding and Former Series Editors:Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen

Editorial Board

David HutchisonLancaster University, UK

Takeo KanadeCarnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Josef KittlerUniversity of Surrey, Guildford, UK

Jon M. KleinbergCornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

Alfred KobsaUniversity of California, Irvine, CA, USA

Friedemann MatternETH Zurich, Switzerland

John C. MitchellStanford University, CA, USA

Moni NaorWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Oscar NierstraszUniversity of Bern, Switzerland

C. Pandu RanganIndian Institute of Technology, Madras, India

Bernhard SteffenTU Dortmund University, Germany

Madhu SudanMicrosoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA

Demetri TerzopoulosUniversity of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

Doug TygarUniversity of California, Berkeley, CA, USA

Gerhard WeikumMax Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany

Anna I. Esparcia-Alcázar et al. (Eds.)

Applications ofEvolutionary Computation

16th European Conference, EvoApplications 2013Vienna, Austria, April 3-5, 2013Proceedings

13

Volume Editors

see next page

Front cover EvoStar 2013 logo by Kevin Sim, Edinburgh Napier University

ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349ISBN 978-3-642-37191-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-37192-9DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-37192-9Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York

Library of Congress Control Number: 2013933106

CR Subject Classification (1998): F.2, I.2.6, I.2.8-9, G.1.6, I.5, C.2, F.1, K.4.4,J.1, J.2, J.7, K.8.0

LNCS Sublibrary: SL 1 – Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues

© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013

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Volume Editors

Anna I Esparcia-AlcazarS2 Grupo, [email protected]

Sara SilvaINESC-ID Lisboa, [email protected]

Alexandros AgapitosUniversity College Dublin, [email protected]

Carlos CottaUniversidad de Malaga, [email protected]

Ivanoe De FalcoICAR–CNR, [email protected]

Antonio Della CioppaUniversity of Salerno, [email protected]

Konrad DiwoldFraunhofer IWES, [email protected]

Aniko EkartAston University, Birmingham, [email protected]

Ernesto TarantinoICAR–CNR, [email protected]

Francisco Fernandez de VegaUniversidad de Extremadura, [email protected]

Paolo BurelliAalborg University [email protected]

Kevin SimEdinburgh Napier University, [email protected]

Stefano CagnoniUniversity of Parma, [email protected]

Anabela SimoesCoimbra Polytechnic, [email protected]

JJ MereloUniversidad de Granada, [email protected]

Neil UrquhartEdinburgh Napier University, [email protected]

Evert HaasdijkVU University AmsterdamThe [email protected]

Mengjie ZhangVictoria University of WellingtonNew [email protected]

Giovanni SquilleroPolitecnico di Torino, [email protected]

A.E. EibenVU University AmsterdamThe [email protected]

Andrea TettamanziUniversite de Nice Sophia Antipolis,[email protected]

VI

Kyrre GletteUniversity of Oslo, [email protected]

Philipp RohlfshagenSolveIT Software, [email protected]

Robert SchaeferAGH University of Scienceand Technology, [email protected]

Preface

Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques are efficient, nature-inspired plan-ning and optimization methods based on the principles of natural evolution andgenetics. Owing to their efficiency and simple underlying principles, these meth-ods can be used in the context of problem solving, optimization, and machinelearning. A large and continuously increasing number of researchers and profes-sionals make use of EC techniques in various application domains. This volumepresents a careful selection of relevant EC examples combined with a thoroughexamination of the techniques used in EC. The papers in the volume illustratethe current state of the art in the application of EC and should help and in-spire researchers and professionals to develop efficient EC methods for designand problem solving.

All papers in this book were presented during EvoApplications 2013, whichincorporates a range of tracks on application-oriented aspects of EC. Originallyestablished as EvoWorkshops in 1998, it provides a unique opportunity for ECresearchers to meet and discuss application aspects of EC and has been an im-portant link between EC research and its application in a variety of domains.During these 15 years, new workshops and tracks have arisen, some have disap-peared, while others have matured to become conferences of their own, such asEuroGP in 2000, EvoCOP in 2004, EvoBIO in 2007, and EvoMUSART only lastyear.

EvoApplications is part of EVO*, Europe’s premier co-located events in thefield of evolutionary computing. EVO* was held in Vienna, Austria, during April3–5, 2013, and included, in addition to EvoApplications, EuroGP, the main Eu-ropean event dedicated to genetic programming; EvoCOP, the main Europeanconference on evolutionary computation in combinatorial optimization; EvoBIO,the main European conference on EC and related techniques in bioinformaticsand computational biology; and EvoMUSART, the main International Confer-ence on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design.The proceedings for all of these events in their 2013 edition are also available inthe LNCS series (volumes 7831, 7832, 7833, and 7834, respectively).

The central aim of the EVO* events is to provide researchers, as well aspeople from industry, students, and interested newcomers, with an opportunityto present new results, discuss current developments and applications, or justbecome acquainted with the world of EC. Moreover, it encourages and reinforcespossible synergies and interactions between members of all scientific communitiesthat may benefit from EC techniques.

VIII Preface

EvoApplications 2013 consisted of the following individual tracks:

– EvoCOMNET, track on nature-inspired techniques for telecommunicationnetworks and other parallel and distributed systems

– EvoCOMPLEX, track on evolutionary algorithms and complex systems

– EvoENERGY, track on EC in energy applications

– EvoFIN, track on evolutionary and natural computation in finance and eco-nomics

– EvoGAMES, track on bio-inspired algorithms in games

– EvoIASP, track on EC in image analysis signal processing and pattern recog-nition

– EvoINDUSTRY, track on nature-inspired techniques in industrial settings

– EvoNUM, track on bio-inspired algorithms for continuous parameter opti-mization

– EvoPAR, track on parallel implementation of evolutionary algorithms

– EvoRISK, track on computational intelligence for risk management, securityand defence applications

– EvoROBOT, track on EC in robotics

– EvoSTOC, track on evolutionary algorithms in stochastic and dynamic en-vironments

EvoCOMNET addresses the application of EC techniques to problems in dis-tributed and connected systems such as telecommunication and computer net-works, distribution and logistic networks, interpersonal and interorganizationalnetworks, etc. To address the challenges of these systems, this track promotes thestudy and the application of strategies inspired by the observation of biologicaland evolutionary processes, that usually show the highly desirable characteristicsof being distributed, adaptive, scalable, and robust.

EvoCOMPLEX covers all aspects of the interaction of evolutionary algo-rithms (and metaheuristics in general) with complex systems. Complex sys-tems are ubiquitous in physics, economics, sociology, biology, computer science,and many other scientific areas. Typically, a complex system is composed ofsmaller aggregated components, whose interaction and interconnectedness arenon-trivial. This leads to emergent properties of the system, not anticipated byits isolated components. Furthermore, when the system behavior is studied froma temporal perspective, self-organization patterns typically arise.

EvoFIN is the only European event specifically dedicated to the applicationsof EC, and related natural computing methodologies, to finance and economics.Financial environments are typically hard, being dynamic, high-dimensional,noisy, and co-evolutionary. These environments serve as an interesting test bedfor novel evolutionary methodologies.

Preface IX

EvoGAMES aims to focus the scientific developments in computational intel-ligence techniques that may be of practical value for utilization in existing orfuture games. Recently, games, and especially video games, have become an im-portant commercial factor within the software industry, providing an excellenttest bed for application of a wide range of computational intelligence methods.

EvoIASP, the longest-running of all EvoApplications tracks that celebratedits 15th edition this year, was the first international event solely dedicated to theapplications of EC to image analysis and signal processing in complex domainsof high industrial and social relevance.

EvoNUM aims at applications of bio-inspired algorithms, and cross-fertilizationbetween these and more classic numerical optimization algorithms, to continuousoptimization problems. It deals with applications where continuous parametersor functions have to be optimized, in fields such as control, chemistry, agricul-ture, electricity, building and construction, energy, aerospace engineering, anddesign optimization.

EvoPAR covers all aspects of the application of parallel and distributed sys-tems to EC as well as the application of evolutionary algorithms for improvingparallel architectures and distributed computing infrastructures. EvoPAR fo-cuses on the application and improvement of distributed infrastructures, such asgrid and cloud computing, peer-to-peer (P2P) system, as well as parallel archi-tectures, GPUs, manycores, etc. in cooperation with evolutionary algorithms.

EvoRISK focuses on challenging problems in risk management, security, anddefence, and covers both theoretical developments and applications of compu-tational intelligence to subjects such as cyber crime, IT security, resilient andself-healing systems, risk management, critical infrastructure protection (CIP),military, counter-terrorism and other defence-related aspects, disaster relief, andhumanitarian logistics.

EvoSTOC addresses the application of EC in stochastic and dynamic en-vironments. This includes optimization problems with changing, noisy, and/orapproximated fitness functions and optimization problems that require robustsolutions, providing the first platform to present and discuss the latest researchin this field.

In line with its tradition of adapting the list of the tracks to the needs anddemands of the researchers working in the field of evolutionary computing, newtracks have arisen this year while others have been discontinued. This edition sawthe birth of four new tracks: EvoENERGY, EvoINDUSTRY, EvoROBOT, anda General track, for papers dealing with applications not covered by any of theestablished tracks. EvoROBOT, however, is not completely new as it goes backto 15 years ago, already being present in the first edition of the EvoWorkshops.

The number of submissions to EvoApplications 2013 increased compared tothe previous edition, reaching a total of 119 entries (compared to 90 in 2012 and162 in 2011). Table 1 shows relevant submission/acceptance statistics, with thefigures for the 2012 edition also reported.

X Preface

Table 1. Submission/acceptance statistics for EvoApplications 2013 and 2012

2013 2012Submissions Accept Ratio Submissions Accept Ratio

EvoCOMNET 12 8 67% 6 4 67%EvoCOMPLEX 9 7 78% 13 9 69%EvoENERGY 8 5 63% - - -EvoFIN 11 6 55% 9 6 67%EvoGAMES 9 7 78% 13 9 69%EvoIASP 28 12 43% 13 7 54%EvoINDUSTRY 5 2 40% - - -EvoNUM 12 3 25% 12 4 33%EvoPAR 5 4 80% 10 8 80%EvoRISK 2 1 50% 2 1 50%EvoROBOT 11 7 64% - - -EvoSTOC 6 3 50% 7 3 43%General track 1 0 0% - - -%

Total 119 65 55% 90 54 60%

As for previous years, accepted papers were split into oral presentations andposters, with the paper length for these two categories being the same for allthe tracks. The low acceptance rate of 55% for EvoApplications 2013, alongwith the significant number of submissions, is an indicator of the high quality ofthe articles presented at the conference, showing the liveliness of the scientificmovement in the corresponding fields.

Many people helped make EvoApplications a success. We would like to ex-press our gratitude firstly to the authors for submitting their work, to the mem-bers of the Program Committees for devoting their energy to reviewing thesepapers, and to the audience for their lively participation.

We would also like to thank the Institute for Informatics and Digital Innova-tion at Edinburgh Napier University, UK, for their coordination efforts.

Finally, we are grateful to all those involved in the preparation of the event,especially Jennifer Willies for her unfaltering dedication to the coordination ofthe event over the years. Without her support, running a conference of thiskind, with a large number of different organizers and different opinions, wouldbe unmanageable.

Further thanks to the local organizing team: Bin Hu, Doris Dicklberger, andGunther Raidl from the Algorithms and Data Structures Group, Institute ofComputer Graphics and Algorithms, Vienna University of Technology, for mak-ing the organization of such an event possible in a place as unique as Vienna.

Preface XI

Last but surely not least, we want to especially acknowledge Sima Etaner-Uyar for her hard work as Publicity Chair of the event, Kevin Sim as webmaster,and Marc Schoenauer for his continuous help in setting up and maintaining theMyReview management software.

April 2013 Anna I. Esparcia-AlcazarSara SilvaKevin Sim

Stefano CagnoniAlexandros Agapitos

Anabela SimoesNeil UrquhartCarlos Cotta

Ivanoe De FalcoEvert Haasdijk

J.J. MereloAntonio Della Cioppa

Giovanni SquilleroFrancisco Fernandez de Vega

Ernesto TarantinoKonrad DiwoldMengjie Zhang

Aniko EkartAndrea Tettamanzi

A.E. EibenPaolo Burelli

Philipp RohlfshagenRobert Schaefer

Kyrre Glette

Organization

EvoApplications 2013 was part of EVO* 2013, Europe’s premier co-locatedevents in the field of evolutionary computing, which also included the confer-ences EuroGP 2013, EvoCOP 2013, EvoBIO 2013, and EvoMUSART 2013

Organizing Committee

EvoApplications Chair: Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alcazar, S2 Grupo, Spain

Local Chair: Bin Hu, TU Wien, Austria

Publicity Chair: A. Sima Etaner-Uyar, Istanbul Technical University,Turkey

Webmaster: Kevin Sim, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland,UK

EvoCOMNET Co-chairs: Ivanoe De Falco, ICAR–CNR, ItalyAntonio Della Cioppa, University of Salerno, ItalyErnesto Tarantino, ICAR–CNR, Italy

EvoCOMPLEX Co-chairs: Carlos Cotta, Universidad de Malaga, SpainRobert Schaefer, AGH University of Science and

Technology, Poland

EvoENERGY Co-chairs: Konrad Diwold, Fraunhofer IWES, GermanyKyrre Glette, University of Oslo, Norway

EvoFIN Co-chairs: Andrea Tettamanzi, Universite de Nice SophiaAntipolis, France

Alexandros Agapitos, University College Dublin,Ireland

EvoGAMES Co-chairs: J.J. Merelo, Universidad de Granada, SpainPaolo Burelli, Aalborg University Copenhagen,

Denmark

EvoIASP Co-chairs: Stefano Cagnoni, University of Parma, ItalyMengjie Zhang, Victoria University of Wellington,

New Zealand

EvoINDUSTRY Co-chairs: Neil Urquhart, Edinburgh Napier University,Scotland, UK

Kevin Sim, Edinburgh Napier University, Scotland,UK

XIV Organization

EvoNUM Co-chairs: Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alcazar, S2 Grupo,Spain

Aniko Ekart, Aston University, UK

EvoPAR Co-chairs: J.J. Merelo, Universidad de Granada, SpainFrancisco Fernandez de Vega, Universidad de

Extremadura, Spain

EvoRISK Co-chairs: Anna Isabel Esparcia-Alcazar, S2 Grupo,Spain

Sara Silva, INESC-ID, Portugal

EvoROBOT Co-chairs: A.E. Eiben, VU University Amsterdam,The Netherlands

Evert Haasdijk, VU University Amsterdam,The Netherlands

EvoSTOC Co-chairs: Anabela Simoes, Coimbra Polytechnic,Portugal

Philipp Rohlfshagen, SolveIT Software,Australia

General Track Chair: Giovanni Squillero, Politecnico di Torino, Italy

Program Committees

EvoCOMNET Program Committee:

Baris Atakan Koc University, TurkeyMehmet E. Aydin University of Bedfordshire, UKAlexandre Caminada University of Technology Belfort-Montbeliard,

FranceIacopo Carreras CREATE-NET, ItalyGianni Di Caro IDSIA, SwitzerlandMuddassar Farroq FAST National University of Computer and

Emerging Technologies, PakistanBryant Julstrom St. Cloud State University, USAFarrukh A. Khan National University of Computer and Emerging

Sciences, PakistanKenji Leibnitz Osaka University, JapanDomenico Maisto ICAR-CNR, ItalyRoberto Montemanni IDSIA, SwitzerlandEnrico Natalizio INRIA Lille, FranceConor Ryan University of Limerick, IrelandChien-Chung Shen University of Delaware, USALidia Yamamoto University of Strasbourg, FranceNur Zincir-Heywood Dalhousie University, Canada

Organization XV

EvoCOMPLEX Program Committee:

Tiago Baptista Universidade de Coimbra, PortugalMarc Ebner Ernst Moritz Arndt Universitat Greifswald,

GermanyCarlos Fernandes Universidad de Granada, SpainAntonio J. Fernandez Leiva Universidad de Malaga, SpainJose E. Gallardo Universidad de Malaga, SpainCarlos Gershenson UNAM, MexicoJuan L. Jimenez Universite du LuxembourgIwona Karcz-Dul ↪eba Wroc�law University of Technology, PolandJuan J. Merelo Universidad de Granada, SpainJoshua L. Payne University of Zurich, SwitzerlandKatya Rodrıguez-Vazquez UNAM, MexicoGiovanni Squillero Politecnico di Torino, ItalyMaciej Smo�lka AGH University of Science and Technology,

PolandMarco Tomassini Universite de Lausanne, SwitzerlandAlberto Tonda Institut des Systemes Complexes, France

EvoENERGY Program Committee:

Istvan Erlich University of Duisburg-Essen, GermanyNicola Hochstrate Lubeck University of Applied Sciences,

GermanyPaul Kaufmann Fraunhofer IWES, GermanyMartin Middendorf University of Leipzig, GermanyJulian F. Miller University of York, England, UKMaizura Mokhtar University of Central Lancashire, England, UKFrank Neumann University of Adelaide, AustraliaPeter Palensky Austrian Institute of Technology, AustriaJan Ringelstein Fraunhofer IWES, GermanyGareth A. Taylor Brunel University, England, UKAndy Tyrrell University of York, England, UK

EvoFIN Program Committee:

Anthony Brabazon University College Dublin, IrelandDietmar Maringer University of Basel, SwitzerlandMichael O’Neill University College Dublin, IrelandDavid Edelman University College Dublin, IrelandAntonia Azzini Universita degli Studi di Milano, ItalyMauro Dragoni Fondazione Bruno Kesler, ItalyManfred Gilli University of Geneva and Swiss Finance

Institute, SwitzerlandPhilip Hamill University of Ulster, UK

XVI Organization

Serafin Martınez Jaramillo Banco de Mexico, MexicoYouwei Li Queen’s University Belfast, UKChristopher Clack University College London, UKJose Ignacio Hidalgo Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainMalcolm Heywood Dalhousie University, CanadaEnrico Schumann VIP Value Investment ProfessionalsPiotr Lipinski University of Wroc�law, PolandRonald Hochreiter WU Vienna University of Economics and

Business, AustriaRuppa Thulasiram University of Manitoba, CanadaWei Cui University College Dublin, IrelandMichael Mayo University of Waikato, New ZealandJose Pinto Instituto das Telecomunicacoes (IST/IT),

SpainNikos Thomaidis University of the Aegean, GreeceEva Alfaro Instituto Tecnologico de Informatica, SpainKrzysztof Michalak Wroc�law University of Economics, Wroc�law,

Poland

EvoGAMES Program Committee:

Lurdes Araujo UNED, SpainSimon Colton Imperial College London, UKErnesto Costa Universidade de Coimbra, PortugalFrancisco Fernandez de

Vega Universidad de Extremadura, SpainLeo Galway University of Ulster, UKMario Giacobini University of Torino, ItalyJohan Hagelback Blekinge Tekniska Hogskola, SwedenJohn Hallam University of Southern Denmark, DenmarkPier Luca Lanzi Politecnico di Milano, ItalyTobias Mahlmann IT-Universitetet i København, DenmarkMike Preuss University of Dortmund, GermanyNoor Shaker IT-Universitetet i København, DenmarkMoshe Sipper Ben-Gurion University, IsraelJulian Togelius IT-Universitetet i København, DenmarkGeorgios Yannakakis University of Malta, Malta

EvoIASP Program Committee:

Antonia Azzini University of Milan-Crema, ItalyLucia Ballerini University of Dundee, UKLeonardo Bocchi University of Florence, ItalyOscar Cordon University of Granada, SpainSergio Damas European Center for Soft Computing, SpainIvanoe De Falco ICAR - CNR, ItalyAntonio Della Cioppa University of Salerno, Italy

Organization XVII

Laura Dipietro MIT, USAMarc Ebner Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswald,

GermanyFrancesco Fontanella University of Cassino, ItalySpela Ivekovic University of Strathclyde, UKMario Koeppen Kyushu Institute of Technology, JapanKrisztof Krawiec Poznan University of Technology, PolandJean Louchet INRIA, FranceEvelyne Lutton INRIA, FrancePablo Mesejo Santiago University of Parma, ItalyLuca Mussi Henesis srl, ItalyYoussef Nashed University of Parma, ItalyFerrante Neri University of Jyvaskyla, FinlandGustavo Olague CICESE, MexicoRiccardo Poli University of Essex, UKSara Silva INESC-ID Lisboa, PortugalStephen Smith University of York, UKGiovanni Squillero Politecnico di Torino, ItalyKiyoshi Tanaka Shinshu University, JapanAndy Tyrrell University of York, UKRoberto Ugolotti University of Parma, ItalyLeonardo Vanneschi Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

EvoINDUSTRY Program Committee:

Marıa Arsuaga-Rıos CERN, SwitzerlandAnna I Esparcia-Alcazar S2 Grupo, SpainWilliam B. Langdon University College London, England, UKJohn Levine University of Strathclyde, Scotland, UKRhyd Lewis University of Cardiff, Wales, UKEnder Ozcan University of Nottingham, England, UKA. Sima Etaner-Uyar Istanbul Technical University, Turkey

EvoNUM Program Committee:

Anne Auger INRIA, FranceWolfgang Banzhaf Memorial University of Newfoundland, CanadaHans-Georg Beyer FH Vorarlberg, AustriaYing-ping Chen National Chiao Tung University, TaiwanNikolaus Hansen INRIA, FranceJose Ignacio Hidalgo Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainWilliam B. Langdon University College London, England, UKSalma Mesmoudi Institut des Systemes Complexes -

Paris Ile-de-France, France

XVIII Organization

Boris Naujoks University of Dortmund, GermanyFerrante Neri University of Jyvaskyla, FinlandGabriela Ochoa University of Stirling, Scotland, UKPetr Posik Czech Technical University, Czech RepublicMike Preuss University of Dortmund, GermanyGunter Rudolph University of Dortmund, GermanyIvo Fabian Sbalzarini Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology

and Genetics, GermanyMarc Schoenauer INRIA, FranceHans-Paul Schwefel University of Dortmund, GermanyP. N. Suganthan Nanyang Technological University, SingaporeKe Tang University of Science and Technology of China,

ChinaOlivier Teytaud INRIA, FranceA. Sima Etaner-Uyar Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyDarrell Whitley Colorado State University, USA

EvoPAR Program Committee:

Una-May O’Reilly MIT, USAGianluigi Folino ICAR-CNR, ItalyJose Carlos Ribeiro Instituto Politecnico de Leiria, PortugalGarnett Wilson Afinin Labs Inc., CanadaMalcolm Heywood Dalhousie University, CanadaKalyan Veermachneni MIT, USAJuan L. Jimenez Universite du LuxembourgWilliam B. Langdon University College London, England, UKDenis Robilliard Universite du Littoral-Cote d’Opale, FranceMarco Tomassini Universite de Lausanne , SwitzerlandJose Ignacio Hidalgo Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainLeonardo Vanneschi Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

EvoRISK Program Committee:

Hussein Abbass UNSW, Australian Defence Force Academy,Australia

Robert K. Abercrombie Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USARami Abielmona University of Ottawa, CanadaAnas Abou El Kalam Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Ingenieurs de

Bourges, FranceNabendu Chaki University of Calcutta, IndiaSudip Chakraborty Valdosta State University, USAMario Cococcioni NATO Undersea Research Centre, ItalyJosep Domingo-Ferrer Universitat Rovira i Virgili, SpainSolange Ghernaouti-Helie University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Organization XIX

Malcom Heywood Dalhousie University, CanadaMiguel Juan S2 Grupo, SpainDavid Megıas Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, SpainJavier Montero Universidad Complutense de Madrid, SpainFrank W. Moore University of Alaska Anchorage, USAKay Chen Tan National University of SingaporeVicenc Torra CSIC, SpainAntonio Villalon S2 Grupo, SpainXin Yao University of Birmingham, UKNur Zincir-Heywood Dalhousie University, Canada

EvoROBOT Program Committee:

Nicolas Bredeche ISIR/UPMC-CNRS, FranceJeff Clune University of Wyoming, USAStephane Doncieux ISIR/UPMC-CNRS, FranceMarco Dorigo Universite Libre de Bruxelles, BelgiumHeiko Hamann Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, AustriaGiorgos Karafotias Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsJean-Marc Montanier TAO, Universite Paris-Sud XI, INRIA, FranceJean-Baptiste Mouret ISIR/UPMC-CNRS, FranceStefano Nolfi ICST-CNR, ItalyClaudio Rossi Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, SpainSanem Sariel Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyFlorian Schlachter University of Stuttgart, GermanyThomas Schmickl Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, AustriaChristopher Schwarzer Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen,

GermanyJurgen Stradner Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz, AustriaJon Timmis University of York, England, UKBerend Weel Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The NetherlandsAlan Winfield University of the West of England, Bristol, UK

EvoSTOC Program Committee:

Jurgen Branke University of Warwick, UKErnesto Costa Universidade de Coimbra, PortugalA. Sima Etaner-Uyar Istanbul Technical University, TurkeyYaochu Jin University of Surrey, UKChanghe Li China University of Geosciences, ChinaJorn Mehnen Cranfield University, UKTrung Thanh Nguyen Liverpool John Moores University, UKDavid Pelta Universidad de Granada, SpainHendrik Richter Leipzig University of Applied Sciences,

GermanyPhilipp Rohlfshagen University of Essex, UK

XX Organization

Briseida Sarasola Universidad de Malaga, SpainAnabela Simoes Coimbra Polytechnic, PortugalRenato Tinos Universidade de Sao Paulo, BrazilKrzysztof Trojanowski Polish Academy of Sciences, PolandShengxiang Yang De Montfort University, UK

General Track Program Committee:

Marco Gaudesi Politecnico di Torino, ItalyErnesto Sanchez Politecnico di Torino, ItalyAlberto Tonda Institut des Systemes Complexes, France

Sponsoring Organizations

– Algorithms and Data Structures Group, Institute of Computer Graphics andAlgorithms, Vienna University of Technology

– Institute for Informatics and Digital Innovation at Edinburgh Napier Uni-versity, Scotland, UK

– The EvoCOMNET track was technically sponsored by the World Federationon Soft Computing

Table of Contents

EvoCOMNET

An Evolutionary Framework for Routing Protocol Analysis in WirelessSensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Doina Bucur, Giovanni Iacca, Giovanni Squillero, and Alberto Tonda

Routing Low-Speed Traffic Requests onto High-Speed Lightpaths byUsing a Multiobjective Firefly Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Alvaro Rubio-Largo and Miguel A. Vega-Rodrıguez

Pareto-optimal Glowworm Swarms Optimization for Smart GridsManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Eleonora Riva Sanseverino, Maria Luisa Di Silvestre, andRoberto Gallea

An Overlay Approach for Optimising Small-World Propertiesin VANETs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Julien Schleich, Gregoire Danoy, Bernabe Dorronsoro, andPascal Bouvry

Impact of the Number of Beacons in PSO-Based Auto-localization inUWB Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Stefania Monica and Gianluigi Ferrari

Load Balancing in Distributed Applications Based on ExtremalOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Ivanoe De Falco, Eryk Laskowski, Richard Olejnik, Umberto Scafuri,Ernesto Tarantino, and Marek Tudruj

A Framework for Modeling Automatic Offloading of MobileApplications Using Genetic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Gianluigi Folino and Francesco Sergio Pisani

Solving the Location Areas Scheme in Realistic Networks by Using aMulti-objective Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Vıctor Berrocal-Plaza, Miguel A. Vega-Rodrıguez,Juan M. Sanchez-Perez, and Juan A. Gomez-Pulido

EvoCOMPLEX

The Small-World Phenomenon Applied to a Self-adaptive ResourcesSelection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Marıa Boton-Fernandez, Francisco Prieto Castrillo, andMiguel A. Vega-Rodrıguez

XXII Table of Contents

Partial Imitation Hinders Emergence of Cooperation in the IteratedPrisoner’s Dilemma with Direct Reciprocity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92

Mathis Antony, Degang Wu, and K.Y. Szeto

A Memetic Approach to Bayesian Network Structure Learning . . . . . . . . . 102Alberto Tonda, Evelyne Lutton, Giovanni Squillero, andPierre-Henri Wuillemin

Multiobjective Evolutionary Strategy for Finding Neighbourhoods ofPareto-optimal Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

Ewa Gajda-Zagorska

Genetic Programming-Based Model Output Statistics for Short-RangeTemperature Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122

Kisung Seo, Byeongyong Hyeon, Soohwan Hyun, and Younghee Lee

Evolutionary Multi-Agent System in Hard Benchmark ContinuousOptimisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

Sebastian Pisarski, Adam Ruga�la, Aleksander Byrski, andMarek Kisiel-Dorohinicki

EvoENERGY

Domestic Load Scheduling Using Genetic Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142Ana Soares, Alvaro Gomes, Carlos Henggeler Antunes, andHugo Cardoso

Evolutionary Algorithm Based Control Policies for Flexible OptimalPower Flow over Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

Stephan Hutterer, Michael Affenzeller, and Franz Auinger

Using a Genetic Algorithm for the Determination of Power LoadProfiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Frederic Kruger, Daniel Wagner, and Pierre Collet

Comparing Ensemble-Based Forecasting Methods for Smart-MeteringData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

Oliver Flasch, Martina Friese, Katya Vladislavleva,Thomas Bartz-Beielstein, Olaf Mersmann, Boris Naujoks,Jorg Stork, and Martin Zaefferer

Evolving Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182Dominik Egarter, Anita Sobe, and Wilfried Elmenreich

EvoFIN

On the Utility of Trading Criteria Based Retraining in ForexMarkets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192

Alexander Loginov and Malcolm I. Heywood

Table of Contents XXIII

Identifying Market Price Levels Using Differential Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . 203Michael Mayo

Evolving Hierarchical Temporal Memory-Based Trading Models . . . . . . . . 213Patrick Gabrielsson, Rikard Konig, and Ulf Johansson

Robust Estimation of Vector Autoregression (VAR) Models UsingGenetic Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223

Ronald Hochreiter and Gerald Krottendorfer

Usage Patterns of Trading Rules in Stock Market Trading StrategiesOptimized with Evolutionary Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234

Krzysztof Michalak, Patryk Filipiak, and Piotr Lipinski

Combining Technical Analysis and Grammatical Evolution in a TradingSystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244

Ivan Contreras, J. Ignacio Hidalgo, and Laura Nunez-Letamendia

EvoGAMES

A Card Game Description Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254Jose M. Font, Tobias Mahlmann, Daniel Manrique, andJulian Togelius

Generating Map Sketches for Strategy Games . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264Antonios Liapis, Georgios N. Yannakakis, and Julian Togelius

A Procedural Balanced Map Generator with Self-adaptive Complexityfor the Real-Time Strategy Game Planet Wars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

Raul Lara-Cabrera, Carlos Cotta, and Antonio J. Fernandez-Leiva

Mechanic Miner: Reflection-Driven Game Mechanic Discovery andLevel Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

Michael Cook, Simon Colton, Azalea Raad, and Jeremy Gow

Generating Artificial Neural Networks for Value FunctionApproximation in a Domain Requiring a Shifting Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

Ransom K. Winder

Comparing Evolutionary Algorithms to Solve the Gameof MasterMind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304

Javier Maestro-Montojo, Juan Julian Merelo Guervos, andSancho Salcedo-Sanz

EvoIASP

A Genetic Algorithm for Color Image Segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314Alessia Amelio and Clara Pizzuti

XXIV Table of Contents

Multiobjective Projection Pursuit for Semisupervised FeatureExtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Mihaela Elena Breaban

Land Cover/Land Use Multiclass Classification Using GP withGeometric Semantic Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

Mauro Castelli, Sara Silva, Leonardo Vanneschi, Ana Cabral,Maria J. Vasconcelos, Luıs Catarino, and Joao M.B. Carreiras

Adding Chaos to Differential Evolution for Range Image Registration . . . 344Ivanoe De Falco, Antonio Della Cioppa, Domenico Maisto,Umberto Scafuri, and Ernesto Tarantino

Genetic Programming for Automatic Construction of Variant Featuresin Edge Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354

Wenlong Fu, Mark Johnston, and Mengjie Zhang

Automatic Construction of Gaussian-Based Edge Detectors UsingGenetic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

Wenlong Fu, Mark Johnston, and Mengjie Zhang

Implicit Fitness Sharing for Evolutionary Synthesis of License PlateDetectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376

Krzysztof Krawiec and Mateusz Nawrocki

Feedback-Based Image Retrieval Using Probabilistic HypergraphRanking Augmented by Ant Colony Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

Ling-Yan Pan and Yu-Bin Yang

An Evolutionary Approach for Automatic Seedpoint Setting in BrainFiber Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Tobias Pilic and Hendrik Richter

Prediction of Forest Aboveground Biomass: An Exercise on AvoidingOverfitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407

Sara Silva, Vijay Ingalalli, Susana Vinga,Joao M.B. Carreiras, Joana B. Melo, Mauro Castelli,Leonardo Vanneschi, Ivo Goncalves, and Jose Caldas

Human Action Recognition from Multi-Sensor Stream Data by GeneticProgramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418

Feng Xie, Andy Song, and Vic Ciesielski

Novel Initialisation and Updating Mechanisms in PSO for FeatureSelection in Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428

Bing Xue, Mengjie Zhang, and Will N. Browne

Table of Contents XXV

EvoINDUSTRY

CodeMonkey; a GUI Driven Platform for Swift Synthesis ofEvolutionary Algorithms in Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

Reza Etemadi, Nawwaf Kharma, and Peter Grogono

Multi-Objective Optimizations of Structural Parameter Determinationfor Serpentine Channel Heat Sink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449

Xuekang Li, Xiaohong Hao, Yi Chen, Muhao Zhang, and Bei Peng

EvoNUM

Towards Non-linear Constraint Estimation for ExpensiveOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459

Fabian Gieseke and Oliver Kramer

Repair Methods for Box Constraints Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469Simon Wessing

Scalability of Population-Based Search Heuristics for Many-ObjectiveOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479

Ramprasad Joshi and Bharat Deshpande

EvoPAR

On GPU Based Fitness Evaluation with Decoupled Training PartitionCardinality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489

Jazz Alyxzander Turner-Baggs and Malcolm I. Heywood

EvoSpace: A Distributed Evolutionary Platform Based on the TupleSpace Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499

Mario Garcıa-Valdez, Leonardo Trujillo,Francisco Fernandez de Vega, Juan Julian Merelo Guervos,and Gustavo Olague

Cloud Driven Design of a Distributed Genetic ProgrammingPlatform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Owen Derby, Kalyan Veeramachaneni, and Una May O’Reilly

Cloud Scale Distributed Evolutionary Strategies for High DimensionalProblems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519

Dennis Wilson, Kalyan Veeramachaneni, and Una May O’Reilly

XXVI Table of Contents

EvoRISK

Malicious Automatically Generated Domain Name Detection UsingStateful-SBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

Fariba Haddadi, H. Gunes Kayacik, A. Nur Zincir-Heywood, andMalcolm I. Heywood

EvoROBOT

Evolving Gaits for Physical Robots with the HyperNEAT GenerativeEncoding: The Benefits of Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540

Suchan Lee, Jason Yosinski, Kyrre Glette, Hod Lipson, andJeff Clune

Co-evolutionary Approach to Design of Robotic Gait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550Jan Cerny and Jirı Kubalık

A Comparison between Different Encoding Strategies for Snake-LikeRobot Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

Damaso Perez-Moneo Suarez and Claudio Rossi

MONEE: Using Parental Investment to Combine Open-Ended andTask-Driven Evolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569

Nikita Noskov, Evert Haasdijk, Berend Weel, and A.E. Eiben

Virtual Spatiality in Agent Controllers: EncodingCompartmentalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579

Jurgen Stradner, Heiko Hamann, Christopher S.F. Schwarzer,Nico K. Michiels, and Thomas Schmickl

Evolving Counter-Propagation Neuro-controllers for Multi-objectiveRobot Navigation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589

Amiram Moshaiov and Michael Zadok

Toward Automatic Gait Generation for Quadruped Robots UsingCartesian Genetic Programming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Kisung Seo and Soohwan Hyun

EvoSTOC

Adapting the Pheromone Evaporation Rate in Dynamic RoutingProblems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606

Michalis Mavrovouniotis and Shengxiang Yang

Finding Robust Solutions to Dynamic Optimization Problems . . . . . . . . . 616Haobo Fu, Bernhard Sendhoff, Ke Tang, and Xin Yao

Table of Contents XXVII

An Ant-Based Selection Hyper-heuristic for Dynamic Environments . . . . 626Berna Kiraz, A. Sima Etaner-Uyar, and Ender Ozcan

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637

Lecture Notes in Computer Science 7835

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