Lecture 3 Understanding the relationship between stress and coping, and the consequence of...
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Transcript of Lecture 3 Understanding the relationship between stress and coping, and the consequence of...
Lecture 3 Understanding the relationship
between stress and coping, and the consequence of depression
Dr. Paul Wong D.Psyc.(Clinical)
E-mail: [email protected]
Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (CSRP)
http://csrp.hku.hk/bc
Objectives
• Students will learn what is depression.
• Students will learn the difference between unhappiness and depression;
• Students will learn the causes of depression.
• Students will learn the available treatments for depression.
• Students will learn the importance of help-seeking behaviour.
The World Health Organization predicts that by 2020 depression will be the second-leading cause of disability
in the world, second only to heart disease
The Hidden Cost of Depression
Mortality
• Completed suicides
• Fatal accidents due to impaired concentration & attention
Patient Morbidity
• Suicide attempts
• Accidents
• Lost jobs/ Failure to advance in career & school
• Substance abuse
Societal Costs
• Dysfunctional families
• Absenteeism/ decreased productivity
• Criminal justice system
Mood Disorders -
Major Depressive Disorder
Dysthymia (similar to MDD, but mild and lasts longer)
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-depressive disorder)
Depression due to General Medical Illness (e.g., degenerative neurological conditions, cerebro-vascular disease, certain cancers)
Bereavement (death of a love one)
Signs & Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder(summarized from DSM-IV-TR criteria)
Depressed mood
Diminished interest or pleasure
Significant weight loss or gain
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Feeling of worthlessness, excessive/ inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate
Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation, or suicide attempt
Difference between Sadness and Depression
http://www.depression.edu.hk/en/content/p2_2.php
Depression is a state of existence marked by a sense of being pressed down, weighted down, or burdened, which affects a person physically, mentally, spiritually, and relationally
- Harold G. Koenig
Causes -
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r71RoIkftd4&feature=related
http://www.depression.edu.hk/en/content/p2_5_1.php
Risk Factors for Depression
Sex Depression is twice as likely in women
Age Peak age of onset is 20-40 years
Family History 3 times higher risk with positive history
Marital status Separated & divorced persons higher rates
Postpartum The 6-month period following childbirth
Negative life events Possible association
Early parental death Possible association
Depression in the Chinese Context
Many Chinese people suffering from depression do not think of themselves as depressed
They present themselves with a variety of other symptoms physically or behaviorally that mask an underlying depression
Chinese Perspective - Character Flaw perspective
“If I was a stronger person, I wouldn’t feel this way.”
Tar Baby perspective
“Touch it and either you’ll never get away from it.”
Dr. Samuel Ho, Professor of Psychology at HKU
Video
Treatment of Depression
http://www.depression.edu.hk/en/content/p5.php
Self-help Tips
http://www.depression.edu.hk/en/content/p6.php
The function of “Depression”
達爾文( Charles Darwin ) “ Pain or suffering of any kind, if long continued, causes depression and lessens the power of action yet it is well adapted to make a creature guard itself against any great or sudden evil” – from The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, 1887 –
「任何種類的痛苦,如果長期持續下去,會導致抑鬱和令動物減少活動,正因為這樣,動物可保護自己,避免重大意外的發生 」。
Depression can be seen as…
I. An implicit was of getting help from others ;
II. A way to get resources from people ;III. A protest against the “real” world ;IV. An opportunity for people with depre
ssion to take a rest when their goals cannot be achieved. (Time to re-plan and adjust their plans).
Reminder We are going to have the lecture at a different therater – Wong G
angwu (at graduate house)
Then we are going to have our first tutorial
I will send you the name of your tutor and venuse for tutorial through e-mail.