ANIMAL MORPHOANATOMYLecture I: SUPPORT, PROTECTIONAND MOVEMENTINTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMINTEGUMENT AMONG VARIOUS GROUP OF ANIMALSThe integument is the uter c!ering " the #$%, & 'rtecti!e (r&''ing th&t inc)u$es the s*in &n$ &)) structures $eri!e$ "rm r &ssci&te$ (ith s*in, such &s h&ir, sc&)es, "e&thers, &n$ hrns+ In mst &nim&)s it is tugh &n$ ')i)e, 'r!i$ing mech&nic&) 'rtectin &g&inst r&sin &n$ 'uncture &n$ "rming &n e""ecti!e #&rrier &g&inst in!&sin " #&cteri&+INTEGUMENT AMONG VARIOUS GROUP OF ANIMALSIt m&% 'r!i$e misture 'r"ing &g&inst ")ui$ )ss r g&in+ The s*in he)'s 'rtect the un$er)%ing ce))s &g&inst the $&m&ging &ctin " the u)tr&!i)et r&%s " the sun+ In &$$itin t #eing & 'rtecti!e c!er, the s*in ser!es & !&riet% " im'rt&nt regu)&tr% "unctins+INTEGUMENT AMONG VARIOUS GROUP OF ANIMALSThe s*in cnt&ins sensr% rece'trs th&t 'r!i$e essenti&) in"rm&tin ut the imme$i&te en!irnment+It h&s e,cretr% "unctins &n$ in sme &nim&)s res'ir&tr% "unctins &s (e))+ Serves as a barrier against infection and injury. Helps to regulate body temperature. Removes the waste products from the body. Provides protection against ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Generatesvitamin D.FUNCTIONSINVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTM&n% 'rt-& h&!e n)% the $e)ic&te ce)) r ')&sm& mem#r&nes "r e,tern&) c!erings. thers, such &s Paramecium, h&!e $e!e)'e$ & 'rtecti!e 'e))ic)e+Mst mu)tice))u)&r in!erte#r&tes, h(e!er, h&!e mre cm')e, tissue c!erings+ The 'rinci'&) c!ering is & sing)e/)&%ere$ e'i$ermis+ Sme in!erte#r&tes h&!e &$$e$ & secrete$ nnce))u)&r cutic)e !er the e'i$ermis "r &$$itin&) 'rtectin+INVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTThe m))usc&n e'i$ermis is $e)ic&te &n$ s"t &n$ cnt&ins mucus g)&n$s, sme " (hich secrete the c&)cium c&r#n&te " the she))+ Ce'h&)'$ m))uscs 0s1ui$s &n$ ct'uses2 h&!e $e!e)'e$ & mre cm')e, integument, cnsisting " cutic)e, sim')e e'i$ermis, )&%er " cnnecti!e tissue, )&%er " re")ecting ce))s 0iri$c%tes2, &n$ thic*er )&%er " cnnecti!e tissue+INVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTArthr'$s h&!e the mst cm')e, " in!erte#r&te integuments, 'r!i$ing nt n)% 'rtectin #ut &)s s*e)et&) su''rt+Arthr'$ integument cnsists " & sing)e/)&%ere$ epidermis 0&)s c&))e$ mre 'recise)% hypodermis) (hich secretes & cm')e, cutic)e " t( -nes+INVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTThe thic*er inner -ne, the pro!"#i!$e is cm'se$ " 'rtein &n$ chitin 0& ')%s&cch&ri$e2 )&i$ $(n in )&%ers 0)&me))&e2 much )i*e !eneers " ')%($+INVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTThe uter -ne " cutic)e, )%ing n the e,tern&) sur"&ce !e the 'rcutic)e,is the thin epi!"#i!$e%INVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENTThe e'icutic)e is & nnchitinus cm')e, " 'rteins &n$ )i'i$s th&t 'r!i$es & 'rtecti!e misture/'r"ing #&rrier t the integument+VERTEBRATE INTEGUMENT AN& &ERIVATIVESThe #&sic ')&n " the !erte#r&te integument inc)u$es & thin, uter str&ti"ie$ e'ithe)i&) )&%er, the epidermis deri'ed (rom ect$erm &n$ &n inner, thic*er )&%er, the dermis or #r"e s)i* +hi!h is o( mes$erm&) rigin+VERTEBRATE INTEGUMENT AN& &ERIVATIVESA)thugh the e'i$ermis is thin &n$ &''e&rs sim')e in structure, it gi!es rise t mst $eri!&ti!es " the integument, such &s h&ir, "e&thers, c)&(s, &n$ h!es+VERTEBRATE INTEGUMENT AN& &ERIVATIVESVERTEBRATE INTEGUMENT AN& &ERIVATIVES Layers (from deep to superficial)Stratum basale or germinativum single row of cells attached to dermis; youngest cellsStratum spinosum spinyness is artifactual; tonofilaments (bundles of protein) resist tensionStratum granulosum layers of flattened keratinocytes producing keratin (hair and nails made of it also)Stratum lucidum (only on palms and soles)Stratum corneum horny layer (cells dead, manylayers thick)