Lecture 19: Lecture 19: Triumphalism and Triumphalism and

the 1990sthe 1990sMay 10, 2010May 10, 2010

What now?What now? Remake the world—again?Remake the world—again? We won! Or they lost? We won! Or they lost?

Failure of Soviet political modelFailure of Soviet political model Failure of empire Failure of empire Failure of Soviet economic modelFailure of Soviet economic model

The End of History?The End of History? ( (Francis Fukuyama, 1989Francis Fukuyama, 1989)) Western liberal democracy as “the final form of Western liberal democracy as “the final form of

human government” human government” End of large-scale conflict involving large statesEnd of large-scale conflict involving large states Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or

dependent on conditions?dependent on conditions? Attraction of US system depends on attraction of USAttraction of US system depends on attraction of US High level of abstraction misses much of what High level of abstraction misses much of what

mattersmatters

US powerUS power

Gulf War I: Triumph with Gulf War I: Triumph with Unforeseen Unforeseen

ConsequencesConsequences

Containment of IraqContainment of Iraq

Bush I’s “New World Bush I’s “New World Order”Order”Twice this century, out of the horrors of war Twice this century, out of the horrors of war

hope emerged for enduring peace. Twice hope emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, those hopes proved to be a distant before, those hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond the grasp of man…dream, beyond the grasp of man…Now, we can see a new world coming into Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. In the words prospect of a new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a "world order" in of Winston Churchill, a "world order" in which "the principles of justice and fair which "the principles of justice and fair play ... protect the weak against the play ... protect the weak against the strong ..." A world where the United Nations, strong ..." A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.human rights find a home among all nations.

MultilateralismMultilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into

multilateral institutions multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO

NATO ExpansionNATO Expansion

Why Expand NATO?Why Expand NATO? Incentives for ex-communist blocIncentives for ex-communist bloc Security against resurgent Russia?Security against resurgent Russia? Symbolism Symbolism Because it was there (sunk costs)Because it was there (sunk costs) Dealing with emerging threatsDealing with emerging threats

Problem? Russia not happyProblem? Russia not happy

MultilateralismMultilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into

multilateral institutions multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO New trade agreements: New trade agreements:

North American Free Trade Agreement North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (NAFTA)

World Trade Organization (WTO)World Trade Organization (WTO) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

(APEC) forum(APEC) forum

What APEC is Really What APEC is Really AboutAbout

Victory Day!Victory Day! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=qoLKsB1z5Ak&feature=related