Lecture 18: Lecture 18: Triumphalism and Triumphalism and

the 1990sthe 1990sFebruary 18, 2009February 18, 2009

Honors program info Honors program info meetingmeeting

The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the The Honors Student Advisory Panel presents: the Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, director Honors Leadership Spotlight! James Donnen, director of student services for the Jackson school and director of student services for the Jackson school and director of the competitive International Studies honors of the competitive International Studies honors program, will be our first guest speaker in kicking-off program, will be our first guest speaker in kicking-off this exciting new speaker series! In this informal this exciting new speaker series! In this informal discussion, Jim will introduce the wide variety of discussion, Jim will introduce the wide variety of resources available in the Jackson school and, in resources available in the Jackson school and, in particular, offer valuable insight into the rigorous particular, offer valuable insight into the rigorous international studies honors program—its layout, international studies honors program—its layout, benefits of departmental honors, the application benefits of departmental honors, the application process, students' past thesis topics, and the post-process, students' past thesis topics, and the post-graduation future of an international studies major. graduation future of an international studies major. For those students considering applying to the honors For those students considering applying to the honors department, don't miss this opportunity to get all department, don't miss this opportunity to get all those questions answered by a Jackson school insider! those questions answered by a Jackson school insider!

Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Thursday, Feb. 19th from 12:30 to 2:30, Honors Library (2Library (2ndnd Floor, MGH) Floor, MGH)

What now?What now? Remake the world—again?Remake the world—again? We won! Or they lost?We won! Or they lost?

Failure of Soviet political modelFailure of Soviet political model Failure of empire Failure of empire Failure of Soviet economic modelFailure of Soviet economic model

Stifles competitionStifles competition Misallocates resourcesMisallocates resources

The End of History?The End of History? Francis Fukuyama (1989)Francis Fukuyama (1989) Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human Western liberal democracy as “the final form of human

government” government” End of large-scale conflict involving large statesEnd of large-scale conflict involving large states Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or Criticism: Is liberal democracy really inevitable, or

dependent on conditions?dependent on conditions? Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US and Attraction of US system depends on attraction of US and

local culture/traditionslocal culture/traditions

US powerUS power

Bush I’s “New World Bush I’s “New World Order”Order”Twice this century, out of the horrors of war hope Twice this century, out of the horrors of war hope

emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, those emerged for enduring peace. Twice before, those hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond the hopes proved to be a distant dream, beyond the grasp of man.grasp of man.Until now, the world we’ve known has been a Until now, the world we’ve known has been a world divided – a world of barbed wire and world divided – a world of barbed wire and concrete block, conflict and cold war.concrete block, conflict and cold war.Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A Now, we can see a new world coming into view. A world in which there is the very real prospect of a world in which there is the very real prospect of a new world order. In the words of Winston new world order. In the words of Winston Churchill, a "world order" in which "the principles Churchill, a "world order" in which "the principles of justice and fair play ... protect the weak against of justice and fair play ... protect the weak against the strong ..." A world where the United Nations, the strong ..." A world where the United Nations, freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill freed from cold war stalemate, is poised to fulfill the historic vision of its founders. A world in which the historic vision of its founders. A world in which freedom and respect for human rights find a home freedom and respect for human rights find a home among all nations.among all nations.

MultilateralismMultilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into

multilateral institutions multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO

NATO ExpansionNATO Expansion

Why Expand NATO?Why Expand NATO? Incentives for ex-communist blocIncentives for ex-communist bloc Security against revanchist Russia?Security against revanchist Russia? Symbolism Symbolism Because it was thereBecause it was there Dealing with emerging threatsDealing with emerging threats

Problem? Russia not happyProblem? Russia not happy

MultilateralismMultilateralism Integrate eastern bloc into Integrate eastern bloc into

multilateral institutions multilateral institutions Unite Germany, expand NATOUnite Germany, expand NATO New trade agreements: NAFTA, New trade agreements: NAFTA,

APEC, WTOAPEC, WTO

What APEC is Really What APEC is Really AboutAbout

Peace DividendsPeace Dividends US defense cutsUS defense cuts Proliferation of democraciesProliferation of democracies End of (some) 3End of (some) 3rdrd world civil wars: world civil wars:

Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, Mozambique, Angola, El Salvador, NicuraguaNicuragua

End of apartheid in South Africa End of apartheid in South Africa (1994) (1994)

Israeli-Palestinian Peace ProcessIsraeli-Palestinian Peace Process

The Clinton Era (1992-The Clinton Era (1992-2000)2000)

Continuation of multilateralismContinuation of multilateralism Optimism Optimism Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% 1990-98)Unprecedented growth (US grew 27% 1990-98) Focus on economics, unfocused foreign policyFocus on economics, unfocused foreign policy Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil Dark clouds on the horizon (“rogue states”, civil

wars, AIDS in Africa)wars, AIDS in Africa) Democrats: peace, prosperity, US soft powerDemocrats: peace, prosperity, US soft power Republicans: 1992-2000= “holiday from history”Republicans: 1992-2000= “holiday from history” Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched Future historians: The limbo period sandwiched

between the Cold War and Terror War between the Cold War and Terror War